List of Articles fresh water

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - Classification of Groundwater Sustainability Assessment Indicators in Aquifers of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
  Susan Hayeri Yazdi Maryam Robati Saeideh Samani Fariba Zamani Hargalani
  10.30495/wsrcj.2023.75607.11410
  Background and Aim: Considering the increasing dependence of humans on fresh water, especially groundwater, which is the most important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid regions, assessing the sustainability of aquifers is crucial. In this regard, assessment More

  Background and Aim: Considering the increasing dependence of humans on fresh water, especially groundwater, which is the most important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid regions, assessing the sustainability of aquifers is crucial. In this regard, assessment indicators are used, which usually do not have a clear boundary between the classification of indicators and they overlap with each other in different fields such as economy, society and environment. Also, researchers usually rely on a number of indicators that can be measured for their case study. Due to this lack of data, in this article, an attempt has been made to collect and categorize various indicators that have been used to assess groundwater in aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world.Method: This research has been a literature review of previous articles and studies in the world in the field of assessing the sustainability of groundwater based on different indicators. The course of movement and progress of these indicators in articles and their classification in environmental, social, economic and institutional categories has been in the framework of this research. Also, the composite indicators that have been prepared for topics under the sustainability subcategory, such as the water poverty index, have been considered in this research. The water poverty indicator is a subset of the competition criterion and a social indicator. This indicator has been proposed as a subset of the water competition criterion, which is an important indicator for measuring the level of poverty caused by water scarcity, especially in arid and semi-arid lands such as significant parts of West Asian countries. In other words, this indicator connects water and poverty. Results: The results indicate that the environmental indicators with a share of 63% have the highest number among the articles and physical indicators include more than half of the environmental indicators. After that, economic indicators with 18%, social indicators with 14% and institutional indicators with 7% are in the next ranks in terms of numbers, which shows the attention of experts to the importance of the environment and economy on the sustainability of aquifers.Conclusion: Although social indicators comprise only 13% of all indicators, but due to their importance and weight, they need more studying. Also, these types of indicators are mainly dependent on the case study, so using the studies of sociologists is a great help for real investigation and it will aim at the sustainability of aquifers. Also, due to the fact that sustainability evaluation is an interdisciplinary field, the selection of its indicators needs strong theoretical foundations, therefore, team work with the presence of different experts will increase the quality of the study results. Considering that the institutional indicators mainly play the role of the answer in the issue of aquifer sustainability, therefore, compiling institutional indicators in the future and including a logical weight for these indicators during the assessment of sustainability is very important in raising the quality of the assessment. Institutional indicators are mainly related to governance, and considering that the development approach is to reduce the concentration of management from top to bottom, there are fewer institutional indicators and the focus is on other indicators. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Construction and Experimental Investigation of local cooling to improve the efficiency of solar desalination
  مهدی آریافر Hadi Kargar Sharifabad
  Due to the favorable properties of wide regions of the world and has developed a shortage of fresh water in dry areas that already face large-scale development has occurred Such as parts of North Africa and the Middle East, to produce fresh water by desalination to need More

  Due to the favorable properties of wide regions of the world and has developed a shortage of fresh water in dry areas that already face large-scale development has occurred Such as parts of North Africa and the Middle East, to produce fresh water by desalination to need a lot of energy and a lot of research studies for the development of solar desalination is being done by solar energy With the aim of identifying key technical challenges and potential opportunities for solar energy, A variety of technologies for the optimum amount of solar energy as well as various technologies for solar desalination system includes advanced technique for restoring energy is studied we conclude that the development of solar desalination system for cost-effective and energy-efficient in the near future may be grounds for water supply desert regions of the world. The effects of water cooling with two modes: simple desalination (passive) by installing cooling and desalination of water (active) examined and compared in terms of daily production has been tested. Tests in August (August) in geographical coordinates (N:35°34′,E:53°22′) carried on the basis of the results observed maximum production rate freshwater disabled 0.26 (kg / m2) per hour. Moreover, the daily output disable mode of 1.035 (kg / m2.day) daily 1.530 (kg / m2) reached in active mode. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - Technical note: Water conservation in Kuwait: A fuzzy analysis approach
  M Hajeeh
  Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - Comparison of blood factors and growth of Rainbow Trout in brackish water and fresh water
  Sh. Masaeli H. Hosseinzadeh Sahafi M. Alizadeh H. Negarestan
  In this investigation, Rainbow trout fish's growth rate, blood factors were studied in brackish water (10 ds/m) and fresh water. For doing this research, some 180 young Rainbow trout with a of 47.1 0.1grams were realest in 6 polyethylene tanks with each 1.5m3 wat More

  In this investigation, Rainbow trout fish's growth rate, blood factors were studied in brackish water (10 ds/m) and fresh water. For doing this research, some 180 young Rainbow trout with a of 47.1 0.1grams were realest in 6 polyethylene tanks with each 1.5m3 water. Two treatments with three replicates were used in this study. At the time of testing, all environmental conditions were almost constants similar. Feeding at the time of rearing for every replicate, with due attention to water temperature and fish biomass was done. Every fifteen days the process of biometry of fish was done and recorded. After 126 days the live fish were transferred to libratory and after biometry of their weight and length, all desired blood factors were measured using blood from their hearth. The results of four biometry processes showed that fish growth in brackish water was significantly increased (p<0.05). With due attention to other treatments amount of WBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Lymph, Throm, K+   in brackish water showed significant in crease as compared with specimens fresh water (P<0.05) Mono, Neut, Eos, Na+ in brackish water and fresh water did not show any Significant difference. (p>0.05)  Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  5 - Investigation of Hirmand Hydropolytic Effect on National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  farhad gorgij ziya khazaei
  The fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consu More

  The fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consumption of water in various fields have led to the emergence of sensitive conditions. Which many economists from the 21st century called the Hydropolitan Century. Therefore, in the relations of political units in areas where rainfall is low, water will create future tensions. The purpose of this research is descriptive-analytical study of the effect of hydro-polytechnic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. We seek to answer this question. What impact of the hydropolitic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It seems that Hirmand hydro-politics in various aspects of political, military, economic, cultural and especially environmental affects the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and cooperation in the Hirmand joint area requires attention to the approach to environmental security and the search for solutions for joint cooperation Within the framework of this approach. Manuscript profile