foundationalism

Open Access Article

1 - sadr and rationalism
emad tayebi mohammadmahdi meshkati

Rationalism, in contrast to empiricism, means believing in priori knowledge and theorems. Sadr's two books, our philosophy and logical basis of induction have made a detailed analysis of epistemological perspectives, especially in the context of the rationalism-empirici More

Rationalism, in contrast to empiricism, means believing in priori knowledge and theorems. Sadr's two books, our philosophy and logical basis of induction have made a detailed analysis of epistemological perspectives, especially in the context of the rationalism-empiricism challenge. Sadr introduces his epistemological doctrine as an inherent doctrine which is agree on belief to priori knowledge with rationalists, and believes the principle of refusal of contradictions priori, he based on realisem and abstraction teory , belives the principles of mathematics are priori too, but about causality, by expressing the distinction between rational and experimental causality, he statement rational causality at least is possible, but he don’t accept the self-explaining of the priori principle of induction, or the principle of non-repetition of the accident, and separates himself from the Aristotelian rationalists. Despite the differences between Sadr on some priori principles and epistemological reasoning with the rationalists, Consequently, he is a rational foundationalist. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - An Analytical Study of Foundationalism in Epistemology of BonJour
Isa Mousazadeh mahdi abbaszadeh

One of the most important epistemological issues in the contemporary era is theories of justification. Justification briefly means providing the necessary proofs or evidences for the truth of a belief. Various theories have been proposed for justifying knowledge, two mo More

One of the most important epistemological issues in the contemporary era is theories of justification. Justification briefly means providing the necessary proofs or evidences for the truth of a belief. Various theories have been proposed for justifying knowledge, two most important of which are foundationalism and coherentism. The various currents that have arisen in the contemporary Western period in the field of justification, have been the mainstay of epistemologists' tendency towards coherentism, which ultimately results in submission to epistemological relativism, which denies any definite and objective criterion for measuring knowledge. But foundationalism is the most important, serious, and long-standing approach to this trend. The present study aims to pay attention, strengthen and enrich the foundationalist approach and with a descriptive-analytical method examines the foundationalism in Lawrence BonJour 's thought. The authors conclude that BonJour defends the foundations of empirical knowledge by emphasizing the possibility of a direct confrontation between non-conceptual reality and the concepts describing that reality, but by accepting the role of justification for rational intuitions, he is practically inclined to a certain rationalism, and Finally, since he does not rule out the possibility of error in basic beliefs, he believes in moderate foundationalism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Knowledge of God in Imam's traditions and its epistemological justification
Mohammad Hosein Mahdavinejad Masoud Fekri Mohammad Hosein Emamijoo

The epistemological explanation of the knowledge of God is certainly one of the most important and controversial in the philosophy of religion. One of the theories presented is primordial nature theology. The Imams (as) in their hadith family have largely spoken on the More

The epistemological explanation of the knowledge of God is certainly one of the most important and controversial in the philosophy of religion. One of the theories presented is primordial nature theology. The Imams (as) in their hadith family have largely spoken on the knowledge of God by primordial nature. The innate knowledge of God in the expression of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) is such that God has placed His knowledge in the institution of all human beings and they have no involvement in obtaining this knowledge. In addition, a large group of verses and hadiths have made statements about monotheism that are based solely on narrated sources. The purpose of this research and its innovation is to examine the epistemological validity of propositions related to the knowledge of God based on the Qur'an and the traditions of the Ahl al-Bayt. Accordingly, among the theories of justification, the selected theory of this study is based on the moderate fundamentalism. The method of this article, in terms of theological propositions, is the method of library study (study of documents) and the descriptive-analytical method when the epistemological justification is considered.    Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - "Survey of the epistemological requirements of primordial nature in explanation of moral propositions"
Einolla Khademi Ali Heydari

Primordial nature, is the basis of Islamic anthropology. According to the principles of transcendental philosophy could provide a tenable explanation of the nature. The nature in its specific sense is Insight and tendencies of human nature. Primordial nature can be rega More

Primordial nature, is the basis of Islamic anthropology. According to the principles of transcendental philosophy could provide a tenable explanation of the nature. The nature in its specific sense is Insight and tendencies of human nature. Primordial nature can be regarded in terms of both ontological and epistemological notions. The nature in general epistemology could be defensible on the basis of foundationalism in which based the theoretical propositions on the self evident ones. Accordingly, the correspondence theory on the truth - realistic approach to the truth- could be defensible. The primordial nature leads to the vital consequences in ethical epistemology. Moreover, a kind of foundationalism in ethics – being the natural of the principles of ethics – can be accepted, and since the natural (fitri) ethics has ontological root, it could be a kind of moral realism. Its fruits are including moral cognition, accepting truth and false, being demonstrative, moral absolutism and accepting by moral judgment.  Moral schools are divided into: deontological and teleological. By relying on the nexus intellect and innate intuition can achieve to a ethical order which comprehends ethical system benefits of task- oriented and teleological. In teleological system, by reviewing the results of voluntary actions comparing to the purpose, the morality of the act has been justified. It must be, however, considered that the ultimate proof of morality - which detects a gap in ethical naturalism- by orientation of the natural ethics requirements are well explained, and also the freshness and dynamism of language of ethics, in terms of existential engagement of moral agent with the instinctive requirements will be served. Theory of primordial nature  provides severe basis for the religion and ethics , by which reasonable relationship between them will be established ; necessary moral judgment  proves the truth of religion - accepting God as a truth- and provides the presence of the religious valuable propositions in the area of normative ethics , and enrich the contents of the ethics as well. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Mulla Sadra’s Strong fundationalism and epistemic justification
Bagher Gorgin Najaf Yazdani Ali Nasr abadi

Strong foundationalism is considered as one of the theories of epistemic justification with a long-standing history. Most of traditional philosophers including Plato and Aristotle in Greece to the Muslim philosophers, rationalists and empiricists  in the modern cla More

Strong foundationalism is considered as one of the theories of epistemic justification with a long-standing history. Most of traditional philosophers including Plato and Aristotle in Greece to the Muslim philosophers, rationalists and empiricists  in the modern classic era, and some contemporary philosophers have accepted this doctrine. Mulla Sadra is also a foundationalist epistemologically. It should be also pointed that the foundationalism in the western epistemology is based on a concentration on judgmental acquired knowledge rather than conceptual knowledge. It is assumed that the knowledge is merely a matter of judgment than conceptual.  However, Mulla Sadra’s view has been established when conceptual knowledge was in the center of attention and on the basis of this knowledge, sapiential knowledge has been considered.  For the most important reason for strong foundationalism is based on the notion of cognitive regress infinitum. He by acknowledging the foundationalism, has defended this theory. Mulla Sadra justified the knowledge by the self- evident knowledge and based on their clarity and distinct transparency, he tries to justify the other own beliefs. His approach to pass from self- evident knowledge to the speculative is in fact demonstrative syllogism completely adjust to the strong foundationalism. As a result, it could be claimed that Sadra's theory is susceptible to be unfettered from the problems such as non-standard basic propositions,  the limitation of the self- evident statements, the lack of common middle term in the self- evident propositions and the relationship between the self- evident and truth which could be also raised against foundationalism. However, Mullasadra’s existential outlook to the knowledge and  the role of knowledge in presence in his epistemology let him to answer the questions raising against the basic propositions. Manuscript profile

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