fable

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1 - A comparison of international didactic thoughts in Aesop myths and Kelileh-va-demneh
Nemat Esfahani Omran

Fromancient times, one ofthe fourtypes ofliterature which has been– by common consensus –emphasized among outstanding nations in culture and civilization is Didactic Literature. Didactic Literature is a kind of literature in which the creator of the work in More

Fromancient times, one ofthe fourtypes ofliterature which has been– by common consensus –emphasized among outstanding nations in culture and civilization is Didactic Literature. Didactic Literature is a kind of literature in which the creator of the work indirectly places two concepts of good and evil against each other while trying to teach the ethical and moral implications to human beings that, in the classical literature of the world, is generally stated through the language of animals (i.e. fable) in the form of advice. Among didactic works of the world, two are more-than-others involved in the ethics and morality; Aesop myths and Kelileh-va-demneh, the former is in the west whereas the latter is belonged to the east.   Therefore, the present study aims at reviewing and analyzing some of the ethical principles in Aesop myths and Kelileh-va-demneh which have venerable place in the history of world literature and which are emphasized by a lot of ethic-oriented thinkers in the realm of didactic literature.   It should be mentioned that these two works, in their teachings, have dealt with religious, social, and political issues more than other fields in society.  Manuscript profile

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2 - Comparison of Parable of “The Signet Ring and the Shepherd” in the Works of Nizami and Plato
Ahmad Farshbafian Safi

Persian literature is enriched by mellifluous and beauteous stories which have passed from one generation to another in centuries and thus we have access to them at present time. There are also tales, stories and parables from other nations intermingled into Persian li More

Persian literature is enriched by mellifluous and beauteous stories which have passed from one generation to another in centuries and thus we have access to them at present time. There are also tales, stories and parables from other nations intermingled into Persian literature. Some tales, stories and parables have also gone to other countries and nations from Iran. Researching on how these literary forms have penetrated or entered other cultures and literatures is a very precious activity in which many people spend time. The present article studies the origin of one of the parables of “Iqbal Nameh” by Nizami named “The Signet Ring and the Shepherd” and how it is rooted in the parables of the book “The Republic” by Plato. Manuscript profile

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3 - Study of the Influence of La Fontaine on Showqi’s Fables
Mohammad Javad Fallahi Houshang Razmdideh Jamshid Baqerzadeh

Jean de La Fontaine – the French poet and author – is one of the most effective literal characters in the world in his era. The literary critics and the researchers know him as one of the greatest fable writers in the world with the aim of educational and in More

Jean de La Fontaine – the French poet and author – is one of the most effective literal characters in the world in his era. The literary critics and the researchers know him as one of the greatest fable writers in the world with the aim of educational and instructive works. Ahmad Showqi – the Arab behaviorist poet – who owns many educational and instructive works, is known as a brilliant poet. His Divan contains the fables which were created with educational aims for people, to transmit the behaviors, patriotism and protecting the social values. The present article studies some of these two literary men’s fables. Manuscript profile

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4 - Intertextual Analysis of "nightingale and Ant" by Parvin E'tesami and "Cricket and Ant" by Jean de La Fontaine based on Roland Gérard Barthes' Cultural Semiotics
Fatemeh Zamani Nadereh Zamani

Parvin E'tesami is one of the most successful Iranian poets in applying fable – in her works – in order to express ethical and social learnings. One of E'tesami's radical pre – texts in creating fables and allegories is La Fontaine's fables – Fre More

Parvin E'tesami is one of the most successful Iranian poets in applying fable – in her works – in order to express ethical and social learnings. One of E'tesami's radical pre – texts in creating fables and allegories is La Fontaine's fables – French poet of 17th century. But according to Roland any narration's structure is combined from some cultural semiotics such as hermeneutics, semis, symbolic and referentials. Thses semiotics reflect an artist's individual and social status based on the society's cultural and literal traditions. Thus the present article surveys cultural semiotics in "nightingale and Ant" by Parvin E'tesami and "Cricket and Ant" by Jean de La Fontaine with the assumption that all cultural semiotics would change from one language to another in recreation process. The result is that by Parvin E'tesami has changed psychological features of the characters as well as inter and intra textual references according to her social cultural status. Manuscript profile

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5 - Sa'adi and La Fontaine
Mir Jalaleddin Kozzozl

In this survey, the type of eloquence of the two great Iranian and French poets, Sa'di and La Fontaine, is presented well-considered and examined; based on one of the fables of La Fontaine adopted from one of the anecdotes of Sa'di's Golestan. It is thereby shown that h More

In this survey, the type of eloquence of the two great Iranian and French poets, Sa'di and La Fontaine, is presented well-considered and examined; based on one of the fables of La Fontaine adopted from one of the anecdotes of Sa'di's Golestan. It is thereby shown that how more artistic and structured is Sa'di's anecdote than La Fontaine's fable. Manuscript profile

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6 - Components of Qur'anic stories and Comparing to Israʼiliyyat
Ali Asghar Asghari Valojaei Hamid Mohammad Ghasemi Seyyede Hossein Hosseini Karnami

10.30495/qsf.2021.687488

Holy Quran is a book that contains one of the most fascinating and authoritative religious stories. Stories have a long history in the field of culture and transmission of human concepts and are the most compatible verbal form with the human mind; as a result, the audie More

Holy Quran is a book that contains one of the most fascinating and authoritative religious stories. Stories have a long history in the field of culture and transmission of human concepts and are the most compatible verbal form with the human mind; as a result, the audience is wider and are more influent. Holy Quran has used unique styles in designing stories, especially the stories of the Prophets. These spiritual stories were processed in a way that were completely contrary to the style and purpose of the stories of HolyQur'an when have been found by mythologists and Israʼiliyyat. The present article seeks to provide a brief overview of the five characteristics of Qur'anic stories, including "truthfulness, disregard for useless details, the fight against distortion, the introduction of Prophets as moral role models, and considering moral principles" with the five characteristics of Israʼiliyyat that are in very contrast to the characteristics of stories; that is, "myths and superstitions, paying attention  to useless details and particulars, the differences and distortions of the Israʼiliyyat narrations, and the distortion of the glorious reputation of the prophets in order to clarify the profound difference between the two methods." Manuscript profile

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7 - The Structure of the Allegorical tales of the Eighth Rowze Baharestan from the viewpoint of Minimalism
Nasrin Zargarzade Dezfuli Ali mohammad Moazzeni

In a descriptive - analytical way, this study investigates the importance of this style in ethical teachings and in the existence of minimalism, the importance of this style in ethical teachings and a form of similarity between allegorical and short short stories. Based More

In a descriptive - analytical way, this study investigates the importance of this style in ethical teachings and in the existence of minimalism, the importance of this style in ethical teachings and a form of similarity between allegorical and short short stories. Based on the findings of this study, the structure of Baharestan's allegorical stories is according to the most important elements of minimalist stories, including: simple design, small volume, few characters and …. The main reason for the use of minimalist stories is to influence the audience. The point is the goal of every literary genre. According to the study, Persian scholars, many years before the writers of the West, have benefited from the parable and the language of animals, in addition to other initiatives, to further influence the audience. it can also be noted that despite the theories that describe the short short story as the product of the speed and industrial world of the west and most contemporary singers, .the history of minimalism refers to the plain world of the east and the rest of its thinkers.The research method is descriptive-analytical and library research Manuscript profile

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8 - The Study of Fables in Mowlavi's Qazalitate Shams
Mohammed Qolam Rezaei Chenour Borhani

   Narrative parable (allegory) is a story in poetry or prose which has two meanings: primary or outward and secondary and inward meaning which is below the outward layer. Fable is one type of allegory and consist of a short tale- whether in poetry or prose- w More

   Narrative parable (allegory) is a story in poetry or prose which has two meanings: primary or outward and secondary and inward meaning which is below the outward layer. Fable is one type of allegory and consist of a short tale- whether in poetry or prose- which is intended to convey a moral lesson. Characters in fable are often animals; but inanimate objects, humans and gods may also be presented in that. Fable in the Persian theosophical parables also has been used for expressing theoretical theosophy concepts and practical theosophy orders. Amongst artistic aspects of Molavi's works in the Shams's lyrics(Qazaliate Shams) is employment of the narrative parables; there are 16 fables among these narrative parables; these fables in terms of structure and form are two types: 1. Fables with storied action and operation (6), 2.  Fables in the form of dialogue or scenic story (10). These fables have the same theme and structure in terms of processing and simplicity and brevity is their outstanding feature. 4 of the Molavi's fables are moral- theosophical parable and 10 fables are parable of theoretical theosophy concepts and 2 fables are parable of Kalam (Islamic Philosophy) thoughts. Manuscript profile

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9 - Investigating the structure and types of allegory in the poem "Shirin and Khosrow" by Amir Khosro Dehlavi
bahram heydarifar Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Seyed Jafar Hamidi

One of the topics in the rhetoric that makes the word more beautiful is the allegory. This rhetoric is one of the most important and effective ways of inducing the subjective concepts to the audience and is the result of different experiences and events of each ethnicit More

One of the topics in the rhetoric that makes the word more beautiful is the allegory. This rhetoric is one of the most important and effective ways of inducing the subjective concepts to the audience and is the result of different experiences and events of each ethnicity that appear in the form of short, fun words or allegorical stories. The task of the metaphor is to convey the artistic, social, religious and past experiences and messages of the past to the future. The allegory has had a special place in Persian literary works from the beginning and with the introduction of mysticism into Persian poetry and literature, its significance and function has increased. But we are seeing the peak of the use of allegory in Indian style. Despite the importance of this branch of inquiry and its research on its place in literary works, it is unfortunately neglected for the role and importance of allegory in fiction. The present study seeks to study the allegorical effects of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi's "Shirin and Khosrow" poem, relying on the descriptive-analytic method and the library method. The findings of the study show that most of the metaphors used in this work are analogous. According to the theme of the poem, most allegories are based on love, based on love, as well as topics such as world instability, advising on opportunity, expressing action, human value, etc. to explain and explain educational goals. Manuscript profile

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10 - The Structure and Plot of the Fables in Attar’s Tazkerat Al Oulia
mohammad reza akrami

  Attar, one of the most famous Persian Gnostic writers, pays specific attention to the fables in his couplet-poems (Masnavis) and his great book, Tazkerat Ol Oulia. Not paying enough attention to story-telling and fable-writing in old Persian texts has caused mys More

  Attar, one of the most famous Persian Gnostic writers, pays specific attention to the fables in his couplet-poems (Masnavis) and his great book, Tazkerat Ol Oulia. Not paying enough attention to story-telling and fable-writing in old Persian texts has caused mystical tales and story elements to be ignored. This paper is an attempt to examine the structure and plot of the fables in Tazkerat Ol Oulia. The fables are short, presented in a straightforward diction, most of which enjoy a three-part structure. Although Attar has borrowed the fables from his predecessors, his true understanding of fable-writing has enabled him, employing slight changes, to complete the plot of the fables, leaving everlasting influential fables.      Manuscript profile

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11 - Search for Allegory in The Manuscript of Mirza Ahmad Motavali Bashi's Poetry Collection
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Mohammadreza Ziya Seyed Jafar Hamidi

One of the literary types is an allegory. In the history of Persian literature, many poets and writers have chosen allegory as a template to express their thoughts and ideas. The allegory born of imagery and imagery is the product of the strong imagination of a poet or More

One of the literary types is an allegory. In the history of Persian literature, many poets and writers have chosen allegory as a template to express their thoughts and ideas. The allegory born of imagery and imagery is the product of the strong imagination of a poet or writer and even of a nation. Allegory in Persian is structurally divided into two parts: descriptive (short or concise) and narrative (broad). Narrative allegory has more than one form of the story that includes human, animal, fable, etc. anecdotes, and descriptive allegory consists of one or more sentences, some of which are: allegorical simile, equation style, allegory, and allegorical metaphor. In this descriptive article, by analyzing the manuscript of Mirza Ahmad Motavali Bashi, one of the poets of the Qajar era and the period of literary return, he searches for different types of narrative and descriptive allegories in his poems and how they are used and the types of allegories used in his poetry collection. We express. Manuscript profile

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12 - Allegory (legend) and its application in Kalidar (Vol. 1 and Vol. 2)
S. J. Hosseini Abbas Kaymanesh A. Daneshgar

Allegory is one of one figure of speech which is eye-catching application in speech of ordinary people and orators, allegory is common language of human beings and means for expressing human common feelings and experience in such a way that both the listener and the spe More

Allegory is one of one figure of speech which is eye-catching application in speech of ordinary people and orators, allegory is common language of human beings and means for expressing human common feelings and experience in such a way that both the listener and the speaker share in that and this leads to an enjoyment having roots in immanent nature, identity, and culture of people. Kalidar is a voluminous novel whose events are based on real life of people but the language of its personals is full of short legends, the legends which reflect the culture and identity of their small societies. The societies manifest the societies similar to their own in a period of the history of this land. This study deals with different types of allegory in Kalidar. The evidence extracted from the study show that animal legend (fable) is the most-frequently used type of allegory. Here, fable serves explanation. �رچه مبتنی بر زندگی واقعی انسان‌ها است اما زبان شخصیت‌های این اثر انباشته از مثالکهای کوتاهی است که بازتاب دهنده‌ی فرهنگ و هویت جامعة کوچک آنهاست. جامعه‌ای که نمادی از جوامع مشابه خویش در دوره‌ای از تاریخ این سرزمین است. این پژوهش به انواع تمثیل در اثر کلیدر پرداخته است و از شواهد به دست آمده این نتیجه حاصل شده که مثالکها حیوانی «فابل» پرکاربردترین نوع تمثیل در این اثر داستانی است که در خدمت توصیف درآمده است.   Manuscript profile

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13 - Narrative from the view point of fables in Parvin Etesami and Ilia Abo Mazi’s poetry.
nafice Hajirajabi Abbas Arab

Narrative includes wise awareness and rational experiences which are used by writers and poets to express their thoughts in the frame of narratives. The narrative era in the literature of Iran is the time of overcoming of rationality and rational awareness. Writers and More

Narrative includes wise awareness and rational experiences which are used by writers and poets to express their thoughts in the frame of narratives. The narrative era in the literature of Iran is the time of overcoming of rationality and rational awareness. Writers and poets found narratives the best way to express their ideas, philosophical, ethical, mystic and moral thoughts Because in many categories expres of subject don,t possible through examples and Narrative. This paper aims to investigate the correspondence between the poems of two Persian and Arabic poets in terms of one forms of narratives called “Fable” and the common concepts discussed by these two poets. Manuscript profile

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14 - Allegorical stories and their types in Makhzan-ul- Asrar (The treasury of secrets)
H. A. Nazad A. R. Yalmeha

Allegory is one of the essential literary genre which has been of interest among the speakers; its essentiality is due to the fact that it is the result of thoughts and ideas which has been one in descriptive-analytic method. A variety of allegorical stories, tools and More

Allegory is one of the essential literary genre which has been of interest among the speakers; its essentiality is due to the fact that it is the result of thoughts and ideas which has been one in descriptive-analytic method. A variety of allegorical stories, tools and elements in Makhzan-ul- Asrar (The treasury of secrets) has been investigated. In this study, after extraction of allegories, the graph of frequencies has been drawn. As a result of this study, Makhzan-ul- Asrar, parable has widely been used as the tale allegory and Nizami has benefited the national epic, religious and historical allusions and animals to express his allegories. Manuscript profile

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15 - Animal allegories (fables) in the poetry of Nasser Keshavarz
sara vosogyan mansh jalil nazary mohamad hady khalg zade

The most famous type of allegory is fable or animal allegory in which each animal represents a type or group of people in society.  Usually, children's poets and writers use this kind of allegory to tell children stories, and tell their stories in the language of a More

The most famous type of allegory is fable or animal allegory in which each animal represents a type or group of people in society.  Usually, children's poets and writers use this kind of allegory to tell children stories, and tell their stories in the language of animals; One of these poets is Nasser Keshavarz, a modern poet and writer with a contemporary style.  Since in relation to children's poetry, only the role and possible position in the education of children aged 6 to 12 (with a look at the Persian reading of the third and fourth elementary in the Pooyesh quarterly by Sheida Echresh has been discussed;  Qualitatively, let's examine the importance of examining this research in order to open a new window for parents, educators and those involved in children's education, and encourage them to study more deeply and accurately the social allegorical concepts hidden in children's poetry.  What animals and stories has Keshavarz used as an allegory in poetry and why? Introduce such instructive stories indirectly to children and adolescents and acquaint children with the common world of man and animal . Manuscript profile

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16 - Studying the Reflection of Didactic Literature in Ancient Myths by Focusing on the Story of Zaal and Simorq, and the Adventures of Telemachus)
Ahmad Ranjbar Behnaz SHakouri

Myths and their role in training human traits are as old as ancient history. In the guise of the adventurous lessons, myths pave the way for a righteous and wise life. Didactic literature is derived from stories and myths. Heroic and mythohogical literary works are amon More

Myths and their role in training human traits are as old as ancient history. In the guise of the adventurous lessons, myths pave the way for a righteous and wise life. Didactic literature is derived from stories and myths. Heroic and mythohogical literary works are among the most significant specimen of didactic literature. The purpose of this paper is to compare the story of Zaal and Simorq in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh with the Adventures of Telemachus by Francois Fénelon. Mantor, in the Adventures of Telemachus, and Simorq, in the story of Zaal, are both legendary supernatural mentors who possess the supreme wisdom. Mantor trains Telemachus who will rein Ithaca after his father, Ulysses, and Simorq instructs Zaal who will be the ruler of Sistan after his father Saam. Both epic works take place in the context of didactic literature. Taking the role of myths into account in both of these epic masterpieces, it is perceived that mythical gods, in the light of their supreme wisdom, aim at instructing the moral traits in all human beings as their supposed mission. The mehod used in this comparative study is the narrative-analytical. By using this approach, the researchers intend to illustrate the reflection of didactic literature in ancient myths, by focusing on Zaal's and Telemachus' training, the ruler and the king of their stories. It is concluded that though the concern of the story in these two heroic works is different (i.e., Zaal and Simorq emphasizes the heroic aspects, while the focus of attention in the Adventures of Telemachus is on the governing rules.); teaching the lessons of wisdom to gain inner growth is the main common characteristics of both heroic works.       Manuscript profile

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17 - Critical preface on the methods of expressing ethical concepts in allegorical and animal anecdotes
shirzad Tayefi saied Akbari

One of the main literature branches that fundamentally consider ethics is allegorical literature. Generally speaking, in the field of ethics and literature we often see that the direct stating of ethical contents has been reviewed by critics. Most of these criticisms ha More

One of the main literature branches that fundamentally consider ethics is allegorical literature. Generally speaking, in the field of ethics and literature we often see that the direct stating of ethical contents has been reviewed by critics. Most of these criticisms have considered allegorical literature which always includes explicit expression of ethical implications. In other words, in these critical discussions, we face various ideas concerning concepts such as: secret, symbol, fable, which they have close relationship with allegorical literature and stating the ethical implication. Therefore, it needs a decent conclusion to reach a more deep understanding of them and better understand the role of ethical content statement related to them. This research claims that the relation of explicit ethical contents should be seek in the allegorical anecdote structure. Some of the determinant factors of this research are: recognition of the fictional context of allegory and the border of imagination in allegorical anecdotes. In this research, by using library studies and descriptive-analytical method, we’ve studied those factors in detail and explained the structural and conceptual relation of allegorical anecdotes. Manuscript profile

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18 - Nasrollah Monshi’s approach to the didactic literature in Seljugh era
عبدالرضا مدرس زاده محبوبه خراسانی فاطمه نعنافروش

The venerable book of KelilehVa Demneh is one of the most influential Persian Literary texts which tries to render human’s essential needs and serious words in animal language. Besides all issues which can be considered as the frame-work of creating the translatio More

The venerable book of KelilehVa Demneh is one of the most influential Persian Literary texts which tries to render human’s essential needs and serious words in animal language. Besides all issues which can be considered as the frame-work of creating the translation, it seems that the political changes and ultimately the era disorders have persuaded the translator to render some of the pains and difficulties in animals’ language. Furthermore, it can be understood that this chapter has been appended to the main text. It is true that Seljuk had governed Iran without any worthiness and qualification. This kind of disorder and ascendancy was so difficult for educational and thoughtful people. In the light of political changes, Nasrollah Monshi has managed to expand his book style to criticize behaviors, at least in the chapter of thought reflection. He has even managed to teach the Seljuk ignoble kings in animals’ languages .The translator’s art is to depict the status of society by means of fables which is not his own interest. It is obvious just when you listen to the translator’s cries in the text and introduction of the book. Manuscript profile

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19 - .Representation ofchildish didactic teachingsin La Fonte’s Myths
Khalil Beigzade Ata Almasi

Didactic-ethical tenets are among the basic aims of great poets and writers.These teachings play an important role in the formation and establishment of correct didactic-ethical foundations in human societies. Jean de Fonte, one of the French classic writers of seventee More

Didactic-ethical tenets are among the basic aims of great poets and writers.These teachings play an important role in the formation and establishment of correct didactic-ethical foundations in human societies. Jean de Fonte, one of the French classic writers of seventeenth-century, has not limited didactic literature to mere dictation and propagation of sermons and advices. He has tried to consider different didactic-ethical issues and evaluate them on the basis of addressee’s characteristics, then represent in the form of myths what in his opinion is an obstacle in the way of social development for children. He believes that myth is compatible with the sensitive spirit of a child and makes didactic-ethical concepts which are mostly abstract, tangible for them. This study, by means of a descriptive-analytic approach, has been undertaken to delineate La Fonte’s didactic-ethical thoughts in his collection of myths. The aimof the study is to tell the audience what are the didactic-ethical teachings in La Fonte’s mythsas well as what is his approach in communicating those tenets. The findings say that La Fonte’s didactic-ethical thoughts such as: knowledge-improving,encouraging to work hard and make efforts, deprecating flattery, leading to peace and amenity, and altruism have been expressed in the form of imaginary fables and parables and has provided new perspectives of these didactic-ethicals.In this way, he has succeeded to bridge a gap between the hard and practical social life of men and the dreamy and sweet world of children to improve and elevate human values.   Manuscript profile

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20 - "Musical Fable" in the Works of Attār of Nīshāpūr
منصوره ثابت زاده

    In the works of Farīd ud-Dīn Attār of Nīshāpūr (1145-46–1221), Persian poet and mystic, there is a kind of narration that we can call "musical fable". It is a moral narration intended to enforce a truth, especially one in which animals or inanimate More

    In the works of Farīd ud-Dīn Attār of Nīshāpūr (1145-46–1221), Persian poet and mystic, there is a kind of narration that we can call "musical fable". It is a moral narration intended to enforce a truth, especially one in which animals or inanimate objects speak and act like human beings. The musical fable has a musical structure, and is useful for expressing mystical thoughts. There are nine musical fables in Elāhī-Nāmeh, and six in Tazkerat al-Awlīya. The aim of this article is to study the themes of these narrations.     Manuscript profile

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21 - Benbani’s Method of Processing and Effectiveness in Narrating Narraton and Anecdates of Majma – ol- Navader From Al – Deral Muhazarat Prose
rana javadi Alireza ghojezade Zahra Soleimani

Story writing has been one of the most widely used and popular ways of writing books over the centuries. Many writers have stepped in this valley and created valuable works, both in Persian and Arabic. The Majma 'al-Nawadir, written by Faiz al-Din Zeinolabedin Hesam Ben More

Story writing has been one of the most widely used and popular ways of writing books over the centuries. Many writers have stepped in this valley and created valuable works, both in Persian and Arabic. The Majma 'al-Nawadir, written by Faiz al-Din Zeinolabedin Hesam Benbani (Zendeh 907 AH), is one of these valuable books which, according to the author himself, has been written on a new and new way in Persian by looking at the books of the predecessors in the end of Ijaz and Abbreviation. Among the most widely used sources of banbani are the prose of al-Der Waqiyat, written by Mansur b. Husayn Abi (cir; 345-422 AH), which is in Arabic and includes sayings, manners, rhetorical and delicate points. Considering the large number of common anecdotes as well as similar titles of these two works (Navader Metabain, Navader Tafilian, Navader Majanin, Teachers' Nevader, Women's Nevader, etc.) it seems. Banbani has paid attention to this book in the way of writing and dividing the Majma 'al-Nawadir, and the new way that Banbani claims to be, not merely an imitation of the prose he created according to this book. The manner in which persian works are not seen before banbani. In addition to translating anecdotes into Persian, Banbani has not limited himself to the blue method in al-Darr's prose in the use of anecdotes and titles, and has sometimes taken part in the structure of the anecdotes of this book or used the anecdotes under another title in the Majma 'al-Nawadir.   Manuscript profile

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