List of Articles direct effect

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  1 - Practitioners of human rights based on the constitution in private law
  Mohammad Shamei Neda Mojahed
  In today's world, fundamental human rights play a vital role in the field of contract law, so that the content of contracts must be consistent with these rights. The influence of fundamental human rights on the category of private contracts takes place in various direct More

  In today's world, fundamental human rights play a vital role in the field of contract law, so that the content of contracts must be consistent with these rights. The influence of fundamental human rights on the category of private contracts takes place in various direct and indirect ways. In the direct effect of fundamental human rights, it is directly effective in contractual relations. The problem with this method is that it violates the independence of private rights. The influence of fundamental human rights is shown indirectly through the interpretation of the rules of contract law; One of the advantages of this method is maintaining the independence of private law as a pure knowledge, which has been the focus of positivists or positivists. In this article, after explaining the concepts of human rights and fundamental human rights, the authors have pointed out the relationship between fundamental human rights and private rights, and finally, they have discussed the way of applying the rules of fundamental human rights to private contracts. The research method is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Correlation and path coefficient analysis of various agronomic traits in barley under drought stress and non-stress conditions
  M. Zare
  In order to study of relationships between various agronomic traits and their influences on barley grain yield, two separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were genotypes including Gorgan4, Nosrat, More

  In order to study of relationships between various agronomic traits and their influences on barley grain yield, two separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were genotypes including Gorgan4, Nosrat, Reyhan, Makoii, Valfajr, Zarjou, Gorgan, Kavir, Esterain and Nimruz. The experiments were under drought stress and non-stress: stopping the irrigation at blooming stage till complete maturity stage conditions. The correlation coefficients were significantly positive between grain yield and days from emergence to physiological maturity, plant height, culm thickness, biological yield, kernel length and spike weight under non-stress condition. Days from emergence to physiological maturity, plant height, biological yield, kernel length, kernel thickness, spike weight and 100-grain weight significantly positively correlated with grain yield under stress condition. Using stepwise regression, spike weight, 100-grain weight and days from emergence to physiological maturity, spike weight, kernel length, spike length, kernel thickness and biological yield as independent variables, model determination coefficients were R2=0.83 and R2=0.91 under non-stress and stress conditions, respectively. path coefficients analysis showed that direct and indirect effects of spike weight on grain yield were the highest and positive under non-stress and stress conditions, indicating that direct selection to improve grain yield with this trait would be effective. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Evaluation of indirect selection in yield improvement of triticale genotypes under drought stress conditions
  Armin Saed-Moucheshi Zhale Saed-Moucheshi Fatemeh Ansarshourijeh
  The general goal of this study is to investigate suitable triticale lines under normal conditions and drought stress using important grain yield and its components. Also, the technique of evaluating the Smith-Hazel coefficient for considering the yield components as ind More

  The general goal of this study is to investigate suitable triticale lines under normal conditions and drought stress using important grain yield and its components. Also, the technique of evaluating the Smith-Hazel coefficient for considering the yield components as indirect selection index, which has not been used practically in plant breeding sciences up to now, has been discussed and proposed. Accordingly, it would be possible to utilize the contribution of yield components in grain yield apply them to screen superior lines in the form of one single index. In this research two separate field experiments, normal irrigation and drought stress conditions, were conducted in three cropping years from 2016 to 2018 with 56 genotypes and two cultivars of triticale. Smith-Hazel selection index applied based on yield-related traits in such a way that the traits with a higher positive effect on grain yield were being utilized for screening aims. high heritability of yield and its component showed the possibility of using them as selection criteria to screen elite genotypes. For indirect selection the path analysis was carried out and calculated coefficient of the traits with higher impacts on yield containing number of days to flowering straw yield with negative impacts alongside flag leaf length and biomass yield with positive impacts in normal condition were used as economic coefficients. In stressful condition, spike weight and seeds and spikelet numbers per spike had a positive and significant effect on the selection index. Manuscript profile