curse

Open Access Article

1 - Reference to Quran in Islamic Anti-heterodoxic Literature till the 7th century; a Survey of Social History of Religious Language
امین مهربانی

From the early time of Islam, the holy prophet and his followers inencountering and calling outsider and insider impiouses, who arerespectively called in Quran “Kafir/Mushrik” and “Munafiq/Fasiq”,have been using Quranic terms and phrases. Studyin More

From the early time of Islam, the holy prophet and his followers inencountering and calling outsider and insider impiouses, who arerespectively called in Quran “Kafir/Mushrik” and “Munafiq/Fasiq”,have been using Quranic terms and phrases. Studying social history ofreligious language in Islam and observing so many evidences fromdifferent theological, juridical, historical and literary texts, it is seenthat many users of the imprecation and expletive during the religiousdisputations and controversies, by referring to Quran have accreditedtheir language. In many cases, inaccurate perceptions of the versesabout infidels and heretics have led some muslims to use the termsand phrases of these verses against opponents and rivals incombinations, reprimands, charges and different theological, politicaland social arguments, by means of analogy and generalizing. In thissurvey, by presenting some historical samples it has been attempted toinvestigate the perceptions of the mentioned verses and briefly showhow the inaccurate interpretations and abuses of them instead ofunifying may result in separation and divergence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The nonlinear effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth with emphasis on non-resource export and Dutch disease (Case study of selected OPEC member countries)
Niloufar Khatami saeed Daei-Karimzadeh

Because the government in countries with abundant natural resources depends on one or more limited resources, if there are trade barriers, national income decreases and economic growth slows down. The research question is whether the effect of non-resource exports on ec More

Because the government in countries with abundant natural resources depends on one or more limited resources, if there are trade barriers, national income decreases and economic growth slows down. The research question is whether the effect of non-resource exports on economic growth is non-linear and whether the real effective exchange rate, which has a direct role on the flow of exports, can lead to the Dutch disease phenomenon or not? The aim of this study is to investigate the nonlinear effect of natural resource abundance on economic growth by focusing on non-resource export and the real effective exchange rate variables for the 16 selected OPEC member countries during the period between 2000 and 2021. In order to analyze the data, GMM method has been used. Findings showed that the abundance of natural resources has led to a decrease in economic growth, which indicates the occurrence of the resource curse phenomenon in the studied countries. Also, the second power of the natural resources abundance variable has a positive and significant effect, based on which it can be concluded that the natural resources abundance variable has a non-linear effect on economic growth in the studied countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Research on Semantic Aspects of Curse in Quran
Gholam Reza Shahraki Fallah Elham Zarrin Kolah

The term "curse" and its derivations have been mentioned 41 times in Quran. The present paper intends to express this fact in library and data analysis by postulating the interpreters' point of views and by citing the lexicon sources in order to find out what the relati More

The term "curse" and its derivations have been mentioned 41 times in Quran. The present paper intends to express this fact in library and data analysis by postulating the interpreters' point of views and by citing the lexicon sources in order to find out what the relationship between this term and its similar words is and the reason of application. According to the surveys the term "curse" means far away from God's Mercy and has semantic relationship with obscenity, murder and etc. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A Sociological Criticism of the Novel Curse of the Land by Jalal Al-e- Ahmad
Ali Ganjian Rezvan Jamshidian

Sociology of literature has relation with sociology on the one hand and and the literature on the other hand. Delving into the  relation between literature and society forms basis of socialogical criticism of the literature. This approach focuses mainly on the stru More

Sociology of literature has relation with sociology on the one hand and and the literature on the other hand. Delving into the  relation between literature and society forms basis of socialogical criticism of the literature. This approach focuses mainly on the structure and content of literary work and its relationship with society and interactions of literature, society and reflection of social issues through author's intellectual, belief and social views are investigated in a literary work. This article is to criticize and study the novel Curse of the Land by Jalal Al-e-Ahmad from sociological perspective. The  theme of the novel is consequences of Land Reform Law and enterance of technology into Iranian villages. The author portrays properly status of different groups of rural community in this work after enforcing Land Reform Law and losing traditions and invasion of modernism. He expresses political and social issues from position of a social critic and makes interaction between society and the novel by artistic expression.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigate and analyzing the effects of oil price shocks on industry and mine sector in Iran (Vector auto regression application)
kamran kasraei Majid Sameti Homayoun Ranjbar Sara Ghobadi

In recent decades, there are many bold oil price volatilities in markets and most of economists has propose oil price severe variations as the main reason of macroeconomic volatilities in both oil export and import countries, such as Iran. Because of oil rule in Iran&rs More

In recent decades, there are many bold oil price volatilities in markets and most of economists has propose oil price severe variations as the main reason of macroeconomic volatilities in both oil export and import countries, such as Iran. Because of oil rule in Iran’s economic, analyzing the effects of oil market shocks on macroeconomic indicators is very important.So, in this paper we use Vector auto regression model to investigate time- variant impulse functionsfor industry and mine value added growth, informal exchange rate, inflation, real consumption expenditures of government, real import growth and real oil revenues growth on oil revenues shocks for 1988- 2015 period. The results show that, there is a linear effectiveness of positive oil revenues shocks on macroeconomic variables.The results show that, there is a linear effectiveness of positive oil revenues shocks on macroeconomic variables.The results show that, there is a linear effectiveness of positive oil revenues shocks on macroeconomic variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - An Investigation on the Conformity Degree of the Second Grade of Elementary School’s Science and Experimental Book with Creativity Components and High Levels of Bloom’s Cognitive Domain
Mohammad Hassan Amirteimoury Mohammad Zare Rahele Sarikhani Mostafa Salari

  Background: Creativity is an ideal characteristic of humans that school chiefs need to be stricter in its teaching or educating. Teaching creativity or in other words nurturing creative minds is known to be one of the most fundamental goals and an integral elemen More

  Background: Creativity is an ideal characteristic of humans that school chiefs need to be stricter in its teaching or educating. Teaching creativity or in other words nurturing creative minds is known to be one of the most fundamental goals and an integral element of the education system in today’s world. Objective: This research was conducted in order to find out the conformity degree of the second grade of elementary school’s science and experimental book with creativity components based on Guilford and Bicards’ view and also analysis of the contents, activities, and the experiments and high levels of Bloom’s Cognitive domain. Method: This research used " quantitative content analysis". After specifying the desired components,  Bickards and Guilford views were applied as the research framework and William Romey’s technique to analyze the content and the pictures of the book was also employed. Besides the content, activities and experiments of the book were analyzed according to Bloom’s cognitive domain levels. Statistical population of this research includes science and experimental books of elementary course. Findings: The results of the research indicated that 10% of the content, activities and experiments are within the Bloom’s cognitive high levels. Also inclusion coefficient of the content with creativity components was 23% and of the pictures was 31%. Conclusion: This research indicated that the number of activities and experiments of the book were very few within Bloom’s cognitive high levels. Also, the investigated book needs revision and fundamental editions in terms of the creativity components, especially when it comes to the content of units and the pictures.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Role and Position of Oil on Economic and Political in Iranian Society
jamal mohammadyan Malek Zolghadr asghar partovi

In Iran, oil as a source of energy, life, and economy of the people has influenced the country and it has been recognized as the agent of the national credit and engine of economic growth and the country's largest source of revenue. Oil resources have been an important More

In Iran, oil as a source of energy, life, and economy of the people has influenced the country and it has been recognized as the agent of the national credit and engine of economic growth and the country's largest source of revenue. Oil resources have been an important part of the state revenues. The significant role of oil can be detected clearly by a simple comparison between the revenues from oil export and revenues from non-oil export. It is also highly dependent on oil revenues. This research recognizes the negative effects of oil on the economy and finally shows an appropriate strategy to resolve the current situation. The results of the study suggest the best way to avoid negative impacts of oil on Iran's economy. Considering Norway's experiences in this area, the establishment of the National Wealth Fund is an appropriate way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Economic Growth in Countries Depended on Natural Resource (By emphasizing on Oil Resources)
kazem yavari mahdieh rezagholizadeh majid aghaee

This paper, by focusing on oil resources, tries to investigate the relationship between natural resources abundance and economic growth in 8 OPEC selected countries during 1970- 2008. We used Dynamic Panel Data and Static Panel Data Model for this purpose and estimated More

This paper, by focusing on oil resources, tries to investigate the relationship between natural resources abundance and economic growth in 8 OPEC selected countries during 1970- 2008. We used Dynamic Panel Data and Static Panel Data Model for this purpose and estimated the relations by Generalized Method of Moments[1], Fixed Effects and Random Effects Estimator. The results represented that there is a negative relationship between oil resources abundance and economic growth in above mentioned countries. [1]. GMM * Associate Professor in Economics at University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author), Email: kyavari@gmail.com                              **PhD student in Economics at University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran, Email: mahdieh_rezagholizadeh@yahoo.com ***PhD Student in Economics at University of Tarbiat Modares and Researcher at Statistical Research and Training Centre, Tehran, Iran, Email: majid_aghaei3@yahoo.com Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Investigation comparative curse thematic in the common couplets Mazandaran and Khorasan province
mehdi mahouzi mahmoud tavousi vida saravi

Thematic is the main spirit humanity thought that it exhibit to different methods in himself. curse is natural reaction downtrodden disable humans. On the opposite power, that impossible fighting together and against with those is inconceivable. Investigation dialogic a More

Thematic is the main spirit humanity thought that it exhibit to different methods in himself. curse is natural reaction downtrodden disable humans. On the opposite power, that impossible fighting together and against with those is inconceivable. Investigation dialogic action curse represent on different dialogic that the most individuals open to lip to curse in time anger or infirm and weak. The among in models common poetry couplets is the nearest and most heartfelt model poetry that communicate easily poet and listener. Studied with method the descriptive analytical curse types and had been imaginable purposes of in more than three thousands common couplets Mazandarani and Khorasani. According to the findings of this study that in the common couplets, curse to girl have uppermost high frequency. The reason of this also have been unfaithfulness and empathetic defeated and lovely. After curse to girl have uppermost high frequency curse to lovely competitor, curse to fortune luck himself, curse to mother girl, curse to girl family and curse to woman. In really be able to total this curses, in false constitution that become cause to exist gap classism. Comparably with fellowship, lovers failure and disability and disappointment humanity on opposite power superhuman have origin natural or human. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Semantic of Swearing in the Quran
Ahmad Pakatchi

.The Semantic Study of Swearing in the Quran A Historical, Cultural Approach Aḥ mad Pākatchī Abstract The concept of swearing in the Quran has always drawn the Quran scholars’ attention. Meanwhile, the frequently mentioned clause of “lā Uqsimu” which l More

.The Semantic Study of Swearing in the Quran A Historical, Cultural Approach Aḥ mad Pākatchī Abstract The concept of swearing in the Quran has always drawn the Quran scholars’ attention. Meanwhile, the frequently mentioned clause of “lā Uqsimu” which literally means “I won’t swear” has been a challenging issue for both the commentators and Arabic grammarians. The explanations offered for the meaning of this negative clause used in the Quran, are hard to be accepted and need a sort of revision. The method applied in this study, as appropriate to the subject, is a mixture of historical and cultural semantics. The most significant conclusion of the present study is that swearing in the culture of the Arabs at the time of the revelation, like other cultures, included a negative connotation and had a meaning close to the cursing. Thus, the Arabic clause of “lā Uqsimu” in the Quran, should be literally translated; that is with negative meaning which is required by its apparent negative structure. Manuscript profile

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