List of Articles atropine

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  1 - Investigation on variation of alkaloids content in different parts of Physalis divaricata D. Don. From Shahrekord region
  Elham Moallem Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Iraj Mehregan Taher Nejhad Sattari Alireza Iranbakhsh
  Physalis divaricata D. Don.is a medicinal plant belonging to Solanaceae family. It consists of different tropane alkaloids, especially atropine, scopolamine, and physalin. In this study, P. divaricata was cultivated at greenhouse conditions in the field experimental of More

  Physalis divaricata D. Don.is a medicinal plant belonging to Solanaceae family. It consists of different tropane alkaloids, especially atropine, scopolamine, and physalin. In this study, P. divaricata was cultivated at greenhouse conditions in the field experimental of Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord. So various parts of plant, including root, stem, leaf, fruit, and flower at the late flowering stage were harvested in Spring 2015 and then the ethanolic extracts of the samples were obtained by soxhlet extraction method. The contents of atropine, scopolamineand physalin B were measured by calculating the curve of HPLC with three replications. The comparison results at the 5% level indicated that the fruits extract had the highest content of physalin B, the highest content of atropine was reported from the leaves extract and the highest content of scopolamine was reported from the flower extract. In conclusion, the main source of the secondary metabolites seemed to be a difference in type parts of the herb.  Manuscript profile
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  2 - Study on Changes of Atropine and Scopolamine Content and Growth Characteristics of Atropa belladonna L. affected by Bio-fertilizers and Chemical-fertilizers
  Mohammad Inanloo Far Hassanali Naghdi Badi Mostafa Heidari Majid Tolyat Abolhasani Hassan Makarian Mohammad Reza Amerian
    Abstract Nowadays, the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter (PGPR) as a biofertilizers is one of the ways to improve growth and phytochemical characteristics of medicinal plants. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized comple More

    Abstract Nowadays, the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter (PGPR) as a biofertilizers is one of the ways to improve growth and phytochemical characteristics of medicinal plants. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the research farm of the Institute of Medicinal Plants - ACECR in 2017.The growth-promoting bacteria as a first factor were non-inoculation, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas + Azotobacter, and Thiobacillus + Sulfur. The chemical fertilizers as a second factor were no fertilizer or control, 50% recommended fertilizer and 100% recommended fertilizer. At flowering stage, the alkaloids were extracted by using chloroform, methanol and ammonia solvents. The amount of atropine and scopolamine was measured by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological and chemical fertilizers, as well as their interaction effect had significant effect (p<0.01) on growth traits, atropine and scopolamine content of leaf and root. The maximum biological yield was observed in Pseudomonas with 100% of recommended fertilizer. The highest amount of leaves atropine and scopolamine was related to Pseudomonas with 50% fertilizer and non-biofertilizer treatment with 50% recommended fertilizer, respectively. The highest amount of root atropine was related to Pseudomonas without chemical fertilizer application. The highest content of root scopolamine was observed in treatment of Pseudomonas with 100% recommended. Therefore, the highest biological yield and the amount of atropine in leaves and roots, as well as the scopolamine content of the root were obtained using Pseudomonas application. Manuscript profile
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  3 - شناسائی و تعیین مقدار آلکالوئیدهای مختلف گونه Atropa belladonna L از نقاط مختلف ایران به روش کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC)
  سجاد صداقت رضا حاجی آقایی رحیم تقی زاد فرید زهره کدخدا سید وحید قاسمی حسن علی نقدی بادی فرهاد حریری اکبری شمس علی رضازاده
  مقدمه و هدف: گیاه شابیزک از خانواده سیب زمینی و یکی از گیاهان دارویی مهم می باشد که شامل تروپان آلکالوییدها است. تروپان آلکالوییدها ‏یک گروه مشخص از متابولیت­های ثانویه خانواده سیب زمینی هستند. مهمترین آلکالوییدهای گیاه شابیزک آتروپین و هیوسین ‏می باشد که به More

  مقدمه و هدف: گیاه شابیزک از خانواده سیب زمینی و یکی از گیاهان دارویی مهم می باشد که شامل تروپان آلکالوییدها است. تروپان آلکالوییدها ‏یک گروه مشخص از متابولیت­های ثانویه خانواده سیب زمینی هستند. مهمترین آلکالوییدهای گیاه شابیزک آتروپین و هیوسین ‏می باشد که به صورت وسیعی به سبب خواص دارویی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. بنابراین شناسایی و تعیین مقدار این ‏آلکالوییدها در گیاهان مناطق مختلف ایران ضروری است. هدف از این مطالعه شناسائی و تعیین مقدار آلکالوئیدهای مختلف گونه ‏Atropa ‎belladonna ‎‏ از مناطق مختلف به روش کروماتوگرافی گازی ‏بود. روش تحقیق: کل اندام­های زمینی گیاه از پنج منطقه شامل اردبیل، مرزن آباد، تنکابن، کرج و رامسر جمع آوری و خشک گردید. سپس عمل عصاره گیری انجام شد. با تغییر اسیدیته و حلال، آلکالوییدها ‏استخراج، شناسایی و تعیین مقدار گردید. نتایج و بحث: مقدار آتروپین در گیاه خشک در بین شهرهای اردبیل، مرزن آباد، تنکابن، کرج و رامسر به ترتیب 67/0، 76/0، ‏‏00/1، 62/1 و 8/1 درصد و مقدار هیوسین به ترتیب 091/0، 157/0، 23/1، 231/0 و 465/0 درصد و مقدار مجموع هر دو ‏آلکالویید به ترتیب 7584/0، 918/0، 138/2، 5811/1 و 656/2 درصد به­دست آمد. در این تحقیق بیشترین مقدار آتروپین به­دست ‏آمده از کل اندام­های زمینی گیاه در نمونه اردبیل 8/1 درصد بود و بیشترین میزان هیوسین 23/1 در نمونه تنکابن بود. نمونه رامسر ‏کمترین میزان هیوسین و آتروپین (%) و مجموع آن­ها را داشت؛ در حالی که نمونه اردبیل بالاترین آتروپین و مجموع ‏آتروپین و هیوسین را داشت. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی:  با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق می توان برای استخراج بیشتر آتروپین و مجموع ‏آتروپین و هیوسین از گیاه شابیزک از نظر اقتصادی جمعیت منطقه اردبیل را پیشنهاد نمود. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Comparative Evaluation of Cardiac Effects of Atropine sulfate as a Premedication for Two Anesthetic Protocol in Terrier Dogs
  محمد Abarkar A. K. Goudarzi H. Sharifi دامون Ansari سارا Gachpaz
  Since atropine has parasympatholytic effects and it has some interactions with the other premedications,anesthetic drugs and surgical procedures, recorded data’s of capnography and pulse-oximetery, were evaluatedduring ovariohystrectomy. Twenty female terriers wit More

  Since atropine has parasympatholytic effects and it has some interactions with the other premedications,anesthetic drugs and surgical procedures, recorded data’s of capnography and pulse-oximetery, were evaluatedduring ovariohystrectomy. Twenty female terriers with 6.3±0.7 kg weight and 34± 9 month selected and randomlydivided in four groups.Group one received acepromazine as premedication, ketamin + diazepam as induction and intravenous ketamineas maintenance.Group two received additional atropine as premedication and In group three, maintenance ofanesthesia were performed by halothane inhalation. Other procedures were the same as group one. All of theanesthetic procedures in group four were the same as group three except the subcutaneous administration ofatropine was performed as a premedication.Duration of anesthesia as well as quality and duration of recovery were recorded. HbO2 saturation, ETCO2,heart rate, respiratory rate and rhythm were recorded in specific intervals from one hour prior to anesthesia to threehours after extubation.Data had been analyzed based on anesthesia phase, painful surgical procedure, and recovery phase. MostTachycardia had been noticed in group two during painful surgical phase, and hypoventilation occurred in groupthree more than the other groups.According to our findings, as ketamine induces tachycardia, and halothane depresses myocardium, using atropineas a premedication drug seems not to be necessary in this particular surgical procedure. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Effect of Maximum and Minimum Dose of Atropine on Fractional Shortening Parameter of Rabbit Echocardiography
  محمد Nasrollahzade Masouleh O. R. Samiee Amlashi مسعود Selk Ghaffari M.R. Paryani
  There is no data on the effect of maximum and minimum premedication dose of atropine on work performance of heart and amount of Fractional Shortening (FS) in rabbit echocardiography, so this study was designed for evaluation of probability of the above effect. 24 Whi More

  There is no data on the effect of maximum and minimum premedication dose of atropine on work performance of heart and amount of Fractional Shortening (FS) in rabbit echocardiography, so this study was designed for evaluation of probability of the above effect. 24 White New Zealand rabbits, clinically healthy with no consideration in sex and age, weighting 1.5±0.3 kg in four groups consisting six animals for access to the purpose of study were evaluated. Injection of atropine with maximum and minimum dosage for frst and second groups and injection of distilled water for third and fourth groups were observed. Calculations of FS for left ventricles in statutory times were done by echocardiography with no knowledge about injection solution. Determinations for Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum and Maximum amount for FS were 37.29, 3.355, 30 and 43 respectively. Determinations for Mean and Standard Deviation for FS in group one, before injection and in minutes 2, 5, 15 and 30 after injection were 36.33±3.011, 35.33±2.944, 36.17±4.119, 36.83±3.251 and 37.00±2.449 respectively. Determinations for Mean and Standard Deviation for FS in group two, before injection and in minutes 2, 5, 15 and 30 after injection were 39.17±2.994, 39.00±3.347, 36.50±3.017, 35.50±6.025 and 36.83±5.811 respectively. Determinations for Mean and Standard Deviation for FS in group three, before injection and in minutes 2, 5, 15 and 30 after injection were 36.17±2.483, 33.83±3.061, 34.33±2.805, 35.00±2.828 and 33.67±4.885 respectively. Determinations for Mean and Standard Deviation for FS in group four, before injection and in minutes 2, 5, 15 and 30 after injection were 37.50±4.550, 34.17±4.622, 37.17±3.125, 36.50±1.225 and 37.50±2.811 respectively. As a conclusion, Stability of heart performance was observed after using maximum dose of atropine. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Alteration of chronic pain sensation due to the blocking of the cholinergic system
  R. Hajikhani M.R Rahimnejad
  Numerous neurotransmitters are responsible for in sensation and process of pain in the nervous system. But therole of cholinergic system has not been properly studied. Thus in order to study the cholinergic antagonistic effectsin pain, the effect of atropine (10 mg/ kg/ More

  Numerous neurotransmitters are responsible for in sensation and process of pain in the nervous system. But therole of cholinergic system has not been properly studied. Thus in order to study the cholinergic antagonistic effectsin pain, the effect of atropine (10 mg/ kg/IP) on chronic pain, has been studied on male and female mice byintraplantar injection of 2.5% formalin (Formalin test).The results obtained indicated that male mice treated by atropine had a higher pain threshold in comparison tothe reference group. In the meantime, this test in the female reference group showed a significant increase in thethreshold of pain. No Significant difference has been shown between male and female experimental groups.The findings of this research indicated that anticholinergic compounds, such as atropine can reduce chronic pain. Manuscript profile