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        1 - Analyzing the Role of Visual Elements in Advertising Board in Modarres Street Land Scape, Metropolitan Mashhad, Iran
        Mahsa Zamiri Azadeh Sharifi noghabi
        Environmental advertising is one of the most significant fields of advertising knowledge which makes city land escapes. The main part of commercial activities is appropriated to urban advertising. Visual elements have fundamental role in creating visual identity and adv More
        Environmental advertising is one of the most significant fields of advertising knowledge which makes city land escapes. The main part of commercial activities is appropriated to urban advertising. Visual elements have fundamental role in creating visual identity and advertising board legibility. Urban advertising boards could have effective representation in city public land escapes. The aim of this study is that identifying the elements of visual harmony and analyzing them in Modarres street, in Mashhad metropolitan to utilize it in order to escalate the land escape quality of the street. According to this purpose, advertising board information was gathered and analyzed by SOWT technique. The results of this study show that the improvement of the level of visual comfort components has a reciprocal and two-way effect on the urban landscape and failure to pay attention to it leads to chaos, heterogeneity and visual disturbances of the environment. Thus, this study put in a proposal to eliminate the illegal advertising and attend the casual environmental advertising in urban land escape designing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Integrating visual and environmental elements using fuzzy and multi criteria evaluation methods for aesthetic quality assessment of Gharahsoo watershed, Golestan province
        Fazlollah Ahmadi Mirghaed Marjan Mohammadzadeh Abdol-Rasoul Salman Mahini Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi
        The aesthetic value of landscape is considered as one of the most important natural resources created by the interaction of different environmental and visual variables. These values are among the factors that have a large impact on land quality and habitat conditions. More
        The aesthetic value of landscape is considered as one of the most important natural resources created by the interaction of different environmental and visual variables. These values are among the factors that have a large impact on land quality and habitat conditions. This study was implemented with the aim of combining visual and environmental elements of aesthetic quality assessment of Gharahsoo watershed in the southwestern Golestan Province of Iran based on Fuzzy and multi criteria decision making models. First, the evaluation criteria, including various aspects of physical, biological, socio - economic and visual features of the study area were selected based on a literature review and expert’s opinion. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method was used for weighting. In the next stage, data analysis was conducted based on a fuzzy technique for order preference by similar to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) method. The weighting results of evaluation criteria showed that the criteria vegetation type, waterfall viewshed, vegetation density, proximity to rivers and naturalness with values 0.206, 0.155, 0.114, 0.114 and 0.076 respectively, are priority to other criteria in the aesthetic quality assessment of the study area. Man-made elements, including urban and rural settlements, roads and power transmission lines have received the lowest priority. Also, the results proved that there are aesthetic quality classes in various types in the study area, including most of the forest landscape in the central and south of the study area, as well as the southeast and west parts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Visual Elements Used in Iran EFL High School Textbooks
        Laleh Moghtadi