List of Articles Uplift

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - Geomorphological characteristics of raised beaches of south east of Iran
  حسین Negaresh
  Raised beaches has raising gradually since 30-50 thousands years ago, and the amountof raising has estimated 1-3 milimeters per year. These matchless beaches are observablefrom port of Jask to Gwater bay, and continue to after port of Karachi, and therate of raising inc More

  Raised beaches has raising gradually since 30-50 thousands years ago, and the amountof raising has estimated 1-3 milimeters per year. These matchless beaches are observablefrom port of Jask to Gwater bay, and continue to after port of Karachi, and therate of raising increase from west to east. So that their height is about 1 meter in Jaskport, more than 100 meters in Chahbahar and Tis, and about 500 meters in Karachi ofPakistan.The Cause of raising beaches is related subduction and tectonic forces in this part ofIran beaches, that the amount of subduction is 5 centimeters per year and intensity ofraising in beach is very more than plain and Makran mountains. Since the subductionis active, the raising of beach is continuing yet, and beaches are uplifting steply.There is very reasons of prove raising beaches that will be point in later discussions. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - A Study of Bio ecological and land cover change of Northern Lands of Khuzestan by Remote Sensing
  Hamed Piri babak maghsoudi sara shirzad
  Many varied attitudes exists about how the changes occur in the land-surface from the time William Davis’s researches to the latest researchers in the history of geomorphologic philosophy, and many different terms are used by scientists in order to observe their i More

  Many varied attitudes exists about how the changes occur in the land-surface from the time William Davis’s researches to the latest researchers in the history of geomorphologic philosophy, and many different terms are used by scientists in order to observe their ideas related to geomorphic phenomena. The phenomenon of duality has been less seen in the geomorphology field. There exist some contradictory phenomena in nature, but further investigation can show their correlation clearly. Durability can be considered as a better dynamic entropy. In this research, radar interferometry technique has been used in Yazd-Bahadoran area, as well as through field and library studies, the amount of subsidence and uplifting has been investigated and the results have been compared with the other researchers' studies, which is a new concept in the literature of geomorphology under geo-duality. The study results indicate that the main reason for the subsidence was not to cut down the level of groundwater, and in this regard the tectonic movements play a significant role. Also, the study shows a significant relationship between subsidence in the Bahadoran plain and the collapse in adjacent heights in terms of duality or dichotomy. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - Investigating the role of duality in geomorphology using radar data in Bahadoran plain of Yazd
  Hamed Piri Abolqasem Amir Ahmadi Hamed Adab
  Many varied attitudes exist about how the changes occur in the land-surface from thetime of William Davis’s research to the latest researchers in the history ofgeomorphologic philosophy and many different terms are used by scientists in order toobserve their ideas More

  Many varied attitudes exist about how the changes occur in the land-surface from thetime of William Davis’s research to the latest researchers in the history ofgeomorphologic philosophy and many different terms are used by scientists in order toobserve their ideas related to geomorphic phenomena. The phenomenon of duality hasbeen seen less in the geomorphology field. There exist some contradictory phenomenain nature, but further investigation can show their correlation clearly. Durability can beconsidered as a better dynamic entropy. In this research, radar interferometrytechnique has been used in Yazd-Bahadoran area and the amount of subsidence anduplifting has been investigated Through field and library studies and the results havebeen compared with the other researchers' studies, which is a new concept in theliterature of geomorphology under geo-duality. The study results indicate that the mainreason for the subsidence was not to cut down the level of groundwater, and in thisregard the tectonic movements play a significant role. Also, the study shows asignificant relationship between subsidence in the Bahadoran plain and the collapse inadjacent heights in terms of duality or dichotomy. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - Monitoring the land subsidence phenomenon using differential radar interferometry technique (Case Study: Khanmirza plain, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)
  Sadegh Karimi Mohsen pourkhosravani Ayda Ramezani
  Land subsidence is one of the environmental hazards caused by various factors, and especially in recent years, it has caused a lot of damage to human societies. The Khanmirza plain aquifer has also faced this phenomenon in recent years. The creation of wide gaps and cra More

  Land subsidence is one of the environmental hazards caused by various factors, and especially in recent years, it has caused a lot of damage to human societies. The Khanmirza plain aquifer has also faced this phenomenon in recent years. The creation of wide gaps and cracks on the surface of the plain and the release of gas from them makes the issue of subsidence important. For this reason, the present study tries to monitor and measure the amount of land subsidence in Khanmirza plain, and evaluate and analyze its relationship with the withdrawal of excess from underground water sources. For this purpose, in order to investigate the changes in the underground water level during 10 years and in two different time frames from the IDW geostatistics model and to estimate the subsidence of the land surface using the differential radar interferometric method and from the Sentinel-1A radar images during 5 years and in Three different time periods were used. The results of the research indicate that displacement of the earth's surface in different time periods is different and does not have a constant trend, while the trend of the drop of the underground water level has been increasing in the whole time period. Accordingly, according to the results of the research, there is no significant relationship between the indiscriminate extraction of underground water sources and the subsidence areas in Khanmirza plain. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  5 - Numerical Evaluation of Columns’ Uplift in Bracing Structures
  Abozar saleh seyadmehdi zahrayi
  ABSTRACT        One of the forces occurring during an earthquake is the tensile force that arise in the columns. This phenomenon is called ‘uplift’. It causes damage in column, base plate and anchor bolts. In the absence of app More

  ABSTRACT        One of the forces occurring during an earthquake is the tensile force that arise in the columns. This phenomenon is called ‘uplift’. It causes damage in column, base plate and anchor bolts. In the absence of appropriate control it may cause the building to collaps. Knowing the reasons which lead to such phonomenon will clarify the point that such phonmenon needs to be controlled. The present study has tried to offer solutions by which the uplift in columns can bereduced. This study has tried to by offering solutions the uplift in columns is reduced.  To do so, the numerical models for two buildings were applied in which the location of the braced were changed and the number of brace columns were increased hoping to reduce the uplift strength. For each building, a separate model was built. In the models the proposed ways to reduce uplift were applied. Both EBF and CBF types of the braces were assessed. The numerical results obtained from the study indicate that using the single brace at the corners of the building, aiming to neutralize the uplift does not seem to be appropriate and that even the existence of an additional  intermediate frame braced for further support might be needed. The present study showed that the increase in the number of span bracing in different places (situations) are effective in reducing the uplift more than 50%.  Also, CBF in lateral columns and EBF for intermediate columns are better ways to reduce uplift, and that different numerical results according to the location of the column in plane. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  6 - Multi-Objective Optimization of the Depth and Cementation of Liquefiable Soil Surrounding Tunnels
  Mohammad Shabani Soltan Moradi Mohammad Azadi Homayoun Jahanian
  Designing tunnels in liquefiable sandy soils presents a significant challenge in determining the optimal depth and extent of soil cementation around them. Reducing the depth of the tunnel decreases both the bending anchor force and the axial load on the tunnel's shell, More

  Designing tunnels in liquefiable sandy soils presents a significant challenge in determining the optimal depth and extent of soil cementation around them. Reducing the depth of the tunnel decreases both the bending anchor force and the axial load on the tunnel's shell, yet it leads to an increase in ground surface settlement, and the opposite is true when depth is increased. Enhancing the cementation level at the tunnel's optimal depth reduces both structural uplift and shear forces exerted on the tunnel lining, but it also leads to an increase in axial loads and vice versa. Given the contradictory nature of these outcomes, the FLAC software was employed to simulate tunnels in liquefiable soils to address this dilemma. Subsequently, a neural network was utilized to identify correlations between the inputs and outputs of the simulation. This network was the objective function for identifying optimal values by applying a genetic algorithm. Optimal design parameters were derived using the NSGA-II modified algorithm, a multi-objective optimization technique based on the objective functions. Ultimately, Pareto charts generated from the multi-objective optimization process enabled designers to select the most suitable tunnel location according to their specific requirements concerning depth and soil cementation in liquefied soils. Manuscript profile