Sharakhs- situated in the border of Iran and Turkmenistan- is one of the oldest cities in Iran that its strategic position made it a significant place in pre-Islamic era. Since Arab conquest until Ṣafavids era Sarahks maintained its prosperity and significance and parti More
Sharakhs- situated in the border of Iran and Turkmenistan- is one of the oldest cities in Iran that its strategic position made it a significant place in pre-Islamic era. Since Arab conquest until Ṣafavids era Sarahks maintained its prosperity and significance and particularly in tenth century due to its nearness to the cites of Herat and Merv/ Marv, which were periodically the capital of Khorasan, as well as its safety from the invasion of the Mongols. But later, according to the sources, Sarakhs gradually declined and eventually it was completely destroyed in the 13th century. This research focused on the influential Iranian dynasties that prevent or accelerate the destruction of the city. The research shows that the competition between Uzbeks and Safavid initiated the decline of Sarakhs. The Safavids, by empowering a local government, retained it until the end of their reign. Nader Shah's policy was ineffective as well as Qajars were unsuccessful.Sarakhs was changed as the settlement of the Turkmen raiders and a Persian slave market and so that Qajars had to ruin it.
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The garment of any ethnic group represents one of their cultural symbols, and headgear is the most distinctive one of them. The northern region of Khorasan has a special cultural diversity due to the habitat of various ethnic groups of Kurds, Turks, Tat and Turkmen. Men More
The garment of any ethnic group represents one of their cultural symbols, and headgear is the most distinctive one of them. The northern region of Khorasan has a special cultural diversity due to the habitat of various ethnic groups of Kurds, Turks, Tat and Turkmen. Men’s clothing in this area is among its components. The present paper seeks to study the design, color and material of Kurdish and Turkmen men’s clothing residing in this area. The study uses a descriptive-analytical method and library compilation and if necessary, conducts oral interviews with informed people and specialists in the field of clothing. The research results indicate that the headgear of these two ethnic groups has specific local names. They usually use Taqiyah with different designs and brown, milky and black colors made of wool. Some headgears are used by Turkmen men like Telpek and Sele and napkins are used by Kurdish men. In general, headgears are similar in terms of design, color and material, and differ mostly in terms of decoration and naming
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AbstractAnalyzing the wars of military commanders in the process of collapse of Seljuk government is one of the important topics of Seljuk history. Turkish Seljuk tribes brought vast areas from Kashgar to the Mediterranean Sea under their imperial control; However, foll More
AbstractAnalyzing the wars of military commanders in the process of collapse of Seljuk government is one of the important topics of Seljuk history. Turkish Seljuk tribes brought vast areas from Kashgar to the Mediterranean Sea under their imperial control; However, following a series of internal and external events, they gradually lost their initial greatness and authority and finally their union collapsed. Many factors played a role in the collapse of this powerful and great dynasty, but among all these factors; The most important of which was the effect of the wars of military rulers on the process of internal family disputes and the collapse of the Seljuk dynasty, which is of double importance. Despite this, there has been no independent, comprehensive and unobstructed research in this field. Therefore, with the understanding of this matter, this research tries to analyze the wars of military commanders in the process of internal family disputes and their role in the collapse of the Seljuk government based on the remaining documents and documents and based on the method of historical research.
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تحلیل اشتباهات گرامری ابزار با ارزشی در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم/خارجه فراهم می کند. علی رغم پژوهش های فراوان در این زمینه، همچنان خلاء هایی در بررسی اشتباهات گرامری نوشتاری در میان فراگیران تک و دوزبانه پسر و دختر فارس و ترکمن وجود More
تحلیل اشتباهات گرامری ابزار با ارزشی در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم/خارجه فراهم می کند. علی رغم پژوهش های فراوان در این زمینه، همچنان خلاء هایی در بررسی اشتباهات گرامری نوشتاری در میان فراگیران تک و دوزبانه پسر و دختر فارس و ترکمن وجود دارد. برای پوشش دادن به بخشی از این خلاء تعداد 158 زبان آموز فارس و ترکمن در استان گلستان دو متن توصیفی تهیه کردند و سپس این متون از نظر پرتکرارترین اشتباهات گرامری نوشتاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در مرحله بعد، این اشتباهات براساس چارچوب پژوهش تحلیل و مقایسه شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری ارتباط معنی داری میان اشتباهات گرامری نوشتاری زبان آموزان فارس و ترکمن و جنسیت آن ها نشان داد. فراوانی اشتباهات زبان آموزان تک زبانه فارس در مقایسه با زبان آموزان دوزبانه ترکمن به شکل معنی داری کمتر بود. این یافته ها می تواند مورد توجه مدرسان زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه، طراحان سرفصل و مواد درسی قرار گیرد. افزون برآن، این یافته ها می تواند به عنوان پیشنیاز پژوهش ها دز زمینه بازخورد اصلاحی باشد و هم زمان درب های جدیدی به سوی مطالعات مرتبط باز کند
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