List of Articles Technical Knowledge

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  1 - Presenting the measurement and valuation model of technical knowledge in Iran's food industry
  askar asgarpour mohamad hssan cheraghali neda farah bakhsh
  Background and purpose: Measuring and valuing technical knowledge is one of the important and difficult activities in the process of commercialization of knowledge. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a model for measuring and valuing technical knowled More

  Background and purpose: Measuring and valuing technical knowledge is one of the important and difficult activities in the process of commercialization of knowledge. This research was conducted with the aim of designing a model for measuring and valuing technical knowledge in Iran's food industry. Methodology: The research is developmental in terms of purpose, practical in terms of results, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data type. The research participants in the qualitative part included 20 scientific experts and experts in the field of technology management and executive experts of Iran's food industry, who were selected using non-probability judgmental and purposeful sampling. Cochran's formula, the sample size of 152 people was determined and selected by random cluster sampling method. Findings: The results showed that the measurement and valuation model of technical knowledge in the food industry includes four main components:factors related to the company/organization, factors related to the extra-organizational environment, factors related to the nature of technology, and factors related to the technology market. It is with 71 indicators. Conclusion: The results of the research can be useful for measuring and valuing technical knowledge and improving it in companies related to this field and provide a suitable field for other researches. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Paddy rice farmers awareness towards Organic farming in Langrud County
  Fatemeh AskariBozayeh Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Fatollah Keshavarz Maryam Armand
  Organic farming is more knowledge-intensive than input, and requires improving the knowledge of farmers. Langrud is considered as one of the important counties with a share of about 27% of rice production and one of the areas in demand for organic rice cultivation in Gu More

  Organic farming is more knowledge-intensive than input, and requires improving the knowledge of farmers. Langrud is considered as one of the important counties with a share of about 27% of rice production and one of the areas in demand for organic rice cultivation in Guilan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness of paddy rice farmers in Langrud regarding organic farming.The statistical population was paddy rice farmers in three districts with 500 people in 2018. The sample size was 211 according to the minimum sample size of Bartlett et al. A simple random sampling method was used to select this sample size. Data were collected by questionnaire. Its face and content validity was based on a survey of opinion leaders and experts. The reliability of the measurement tool was performed by a completing a questionnaire from a sample of 30 people outside the original and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0/7) .To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, correlation tests and multiple regression were used and analyzed by SPSS22. The results showed that the level of knowledge of 84.8% of the respondents was at a moderate and good level, which indicates the positive tendency of the statistical community to obtain the needed information. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The study of methods and how to document technical knowledge of the personnel and managers of the companies in the area of Arvand Free Zone
  Mohammad Makvandi Yadollah Mehralizah Mohammad Hosseinpour
  Knowledge of employees is the most important capital of a company, which is a necessity to maintain and transfer this knowledge in the form of documentation. Accordingly, the present study examines the methods and methods for documenting the technical knowledge of the p More

  Knowledge of employees is the most important capital of a company, which is a necessity to maintain and transfer this knowledge in the form of documentation. Accordingly, the present study examines the methods and methods for documenting the technical knowledge of the personnel and managers of the companies that produce Arvand Free Zone. This research is one of a variety of applied development research that has been done by the method of analysis of the qualitative approach. The tool was a semi-structured interview and the study population was staffed by managers and managers of the companies that produced Arvand Free Zone. Sixty (30 managers and 30 employees) were selected through targeted sampling. Results showed that knowledge In manufacturing companies, there is a mix of knowledge of what, what, who and how much more of these knowledge is, in terms of nature, tacit knowledge that is not reflected in corporate documents. Experiences, technical details, methods, analyzes and mistakes during the work are not documented, and only generalizations and results are transmitted in the form of documents. Documentation issues and problems can be classified into three types of technical barriers, human barriers and administrative obstacles to documenting.. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Constraints Analysis of Poultry Production at Dzongu Area of North Sikkim in India
  B.G. Nath P.K. Pathak A.K. Mohanty
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  5 - Analyzing Perception and Technical Knowledge of Wheat Farmers Regarding Organic Farming Products
  Azadeh N. Noorivandi
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  6 - Presenting the network model of human resources' technical knowledge in the pharmaceutical industry for internationalization
  Farah Shapoori Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Ehsan Sadeh Alireza Afsharnezhad
  Background and purpose: The increasing importance of commercialization, becoming a global village and the need to communicate with the world, has caused a special look at the technical knowledge category of human resources. Therefore, the purpose of this research is t More

  Background and purpose: The increasing importance of commercialization, becoming a global village and the need to communicate with the world, has caused a special look at the technical knowledge category of human resources. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a model of the technical knowledge network of human resources in the pharmaceutical industry for internationalization. Research method: This research was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of fundamental-applied purpose. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included experts familiar with the subject. The statistical population of the quantitative part was formed by the managers and experts of the pharmaceutical industry of Tehran province, and the stratified random sampling method and the data collection method was a questionnaire. Structural model software was used for data analysis. Findings: The final model includes the dimensions of the internal environment of the organization, the external environment of the organization, development and research, production of technical knowledge, commercialization, society and market needs, the latest state of technological progress and production and market in commercialization, strategic planning, network development, Threats, opportunities and limitations in foreign markets and the process of internationalization. Conclusion: The presented model is an answer to the real problem of pharmaceutical companies, and paying attention to the steps of the model can provide policymakers with the necessary knowledge and insight for the optimal allocation of resources Manuscript profile
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  7 - Jurisprudence and Legal Foundations Affecting the Joint Venture Contract in Technology Transfer
  farhad shadman حمید ابهری
  Joint Venture, as a key contract in international partnerships, has several features that determine the way these elements are set on the scope of technology transfer. Despite the familiarity of our legal system with joint ventures, the legal basis of technology transfe More

  Joint Venture, as a key contract in international partnerships, has several features that determine the way these elements are set on the scope of technology transfer. Despite the familiarity of our legal system with joint ventures, the legal basis of technology transfer has not yet been clarified and this issue has caused that, unlike countries like Egypt, it has been difficult to formulate a comprehensive and specific law for technology transfer or at least be delayed. The success of the technology transfer process in the joint venture depends on the size and quality of the support provided by the legislator. In this regard, governments implement support strategies along with restrictive policies, and they have implemented several legal protections such as guaranteeing technology, non-discrimination, transferring the principle and profit of technology, avoiding double taxation, freedom in the form of capital transfer involving knowledge, accepting out-of-court dispute settlement, and sometimes even reducing import tariffs and equipment; A case that has not been seriously considered in the laws related to investment. Our legal system, apart from the Investment Promotion Law and Article 107 of the Fifth Development Plan Law, does not have a codified provision for organizing the transfer of technology either through a joint investment channel or transfer in the form of a special contract. Regarding the facilitating and encouraging effect of Article 107, it should be said that its interpretation brevity and ambiguities have prevented the article from playing such a role. In terms of jurisprudential foundations, the rule of negation of mustache, the principle of Islamic dignity, the necessity of gaining economic independence, and the generality of the permissibility of trading with foreigners, the rule of negation of harm and the rule of commitment, can be proposed as general bases in justifying the transfer of technology. And in terms of special foundations, the ownership of technical knowledge, the right to learn, the unity of the criteria inferred from the permissibility of mudarabah and farming with a foreigner, the non-exclusivity of the contract to specific contracts, the principle of the validity and capacity of the partnership contract in jurisprudence, the contract of make order can be cited in this regard, except in exceptional cases, the taste of Sharia and jurisprudence implies the permissibility and even the necessity of technology transfer. On the other hand, the limits and limitations of technology transfer are subject to the will of the parties, but the legislator can set limits on the transfer of technology in Joint Ventures based on expediency. Joint Venture includes obligations, among which are the condition of technology transfer, technology owner's commitment to training, submission of documents and disclosure of technical secrets to the partner, special conditions of Joint Venture, whose scope and quality have a significant impact on knowledge transfer. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, in this article, an attempt was made to analyze and evaluate the jurisprudential bases and effective contractual conditions of Joint Venture in technology transfer in detail. Manuscript profile