TFP

Open Access Article

1 - Calculating and analyzing total factor of productivity growth in agriculture crop sector with ARDL method
علي باقرزاده

Today all countries are seeking to achieve high productivity. This means that they can achieve more production with fewer resources. Productivity has an important and effective role in increasing production and growth in sectors of economy. Through calculating and analy More

Today all countries are seeking to achieve high productivity. This means that they can achieve more production with fewer resources. Productivity has an important and effective role in increasing production and growth in sectors of economy. Through calculating and analyzing the indicators of productivity the efficiency of various economic sectors can be reviewed. In this study with a Solow residual and lag model, total factor productivity growth in agricultural production during the period 1387 - 1358 were calculated. For this purpose, the Agriculture crop sector production function with capital, labor and energy was estimated using the ARDL approach. Then, using the index of Solow, TFP growth in agriculture crop sector was calculated. The results showed that total factor productivity growth in agriculture crop sector had experienced periods of high volatility. So that the average period of 0.8 percent. The mean total factor productivity growth in crop sector of agriculture , with the figure predicted in the fourth program (2.2) are of significant difference. It is suggested that the cycle of productivity policy should be done, to increase TFP in this sub-sector of agriculture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Stock returns changes explanation between CAPM, TFPM, Carhart FFPM in Tehran Stock Exchange
Narges Alaleh Mohammad Tamimi Alimohammad Nematpour Dezfuli

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) has dominated finance theory for over thirty years .Capital Asset Pricing Model is an equilibrium model that explains why rates of return expected on stock is different; it suggests that the market beta alone is sufficient to expla More

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) has dominated finance theory for over thirty years .Capital Asset Pricing Model is an equilibrium model that explains why rates of return expected on stock is different; it suggests that the market beta alone is sufficient to explain stock returns. However evidence shows that the cross-section of stock returns cannot be described solely by the one-factor CAPM. Therefore, the idea is to add other factors in order to complete the beta in explaining the price movements in the stock exchange. The main contribution of this research is comparison between the CAPM, the Fama and French asset pricing model (TPFM) and the Four Factor Pricing Model (FFPM) adding the third and fourth moments to explain stock returns changes Tehran Stock Exchange listed firms. Research statistical Society is Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1386 until 1389, a period of 4 years. The sample consisted of 33 companies among the top 100 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange member firms. In present research survey Addition of skewness and kurtosis on the proxy asset pricing model four factors have a greater ability than other asset pricing models in explaining variations in stock returns are expected on top 100  companies in Tehran Stock Exchange member firms period 2007-2011.The selection of the best model is based on the highest coefficient of determination. The kurtosis-FFPM turned out to be the best model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Green Productivity of Iran with Environmental Approach
habib shahbazi

In economic literature, policy planners and decision-makers and governments to evaluate the various indicators presented various indices. One of the most important indices is Total Factor Productivity where ratio of all products to all inputs is measured. If there is gr More

In economic literature, policy planners and decision-makers and governments to evaluate the various indicators presented various indices. One of the most important indices is Total Factor Productivity where ratio of all products to all inputs is measured. If there is growth, it means that the manager policies have been effective in the use of inputs. Calculateion and measurement of TFP is importance so that both calculations of it should be possible and it closed to realty of economy. One of affective problem on TFP is environmental issues such as pollution emission. If this issue is not considered in the calculation of TFP, Calculated TFP will severely flawed and mislead the managers and policy makers. In this study by using extended Solow residual model, in addition of Iran’s green TFP calculation, TFP without pollution emission variable by using several scenarios are estimated and compared with other studies. Finally, pollution emission elasticity and shadow price of it are estimated. Results indicate green TFP growth for yeas of 1978-2012 is -1.28 percent that in without pollution emission variable scenario is -1.02. So, difference between with and without pollution emission variable scenarios is 0.26 unit percent. So, if environmental issues are not considered in TFP, it will be misleading for planner. Also pollution emission elasticity are specified 0.31142. Accordingly, pollution emission shadow price of Iran’s economic are estimated 1.03 Mil Rls/tonne Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Measuring and Analysis of Total, Factor Productivity (Case Study: Industrial Sector of Kordestan Province)
Sedige Atrkar roshan Fateme Rasouli

The purpose of this research is to measure and analyse the total factor productivity (TFP). The case under study is the industrial sector of Kordestan Province in Iran. In order to achieve this goal, based on the International classification of the commodities, ( ISIC R More

The purpose of this research is to measure and analyse the total factor productivity (TFP). The case under study is the industrial sector of Kordestan Province in Iran. In order to achieve this goal, based on the International classification of the commodities, ( ISIC Riv, 2) and applying panel data for the period 2005-2011, the industrial sector is categorized into 23 groups and the productivity is measured. Since the data for the capital stock is not available for the Kordestan Province, it is calculated in this study first. Using various production functions, and selecting the most suitable functions, the elastisities, are then estimated. In the next step, the TFP is measured by applying the Divisia Index, for the period under consideration. The findings of this research show that TFP for the Industrial sector of Kordestan Province has reduced annually by 2 percent on average.However, the TFP in the industrial sector as a whole was 0/06 during the period under study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - تجزیه تکنولوژی و شدت انرژی در کشورهای عضو اوپک: رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده و مالم کوئیست
مهدی فلاح جلودار سمیه صادقی

کاهش شدت انرژی از طریق دستیابی به بهره وری انرژی یک هدف جهانی در راستای توسعه پایدار است. شواهد نشان می‌دهد که شدت انرژی بیشتر کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی (مانند اوپک) در مقایسه با کشورهای واردکننده انرژی و اقتصادهای صنعتی بسیار بالا بوده است. از این رو، درک عوامل اصلی (یا More

کاهش شدت انرژی از طریق دستیابی به بهره وری انرژی یک هدف جهانی در راستای توسعه پایدار است. شواهد نشان می‌دهد که شدت انرژی بیشتر کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی (مانند اوپک) در مقایسه با کشورهای واردکننده انرژی و اقتصادهای صنعتی بسیار بالا بوده است. از این رو، درک عوامل اصلی (یا محرک‌های) شدت انرژی در کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی برای محققان و سیاست‌گذاران اقتصادی مهم است. از این رو،هدف این مقاله بررسی تاثیر تکنولوژی و اجزای آن (تغییر فنی و تغییر کارایی) بر تغییرات شدت انرژی در کشورهای عضو اوپک طی دوره زمانی 17-2000 با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده و شاخص مالم کوئیست می باشد. یافته ها نشان می دهد که پیشرفت تکنولوژی نقش بسزایی در کاهش شدت انرژی کشورهای عضو اوپک داشته است. علاوه بر این، نتایج پس از تجزیه بهره وری کل ( TFP) با استفاده از روش DEA نشان می‌دهد که اثر منفی تغییرات فنی بر شدت انرژی بسیار بیشتر از اثر تغییر کارایی است، اگرچه مقادیر برآوردی این اجزا نسبتاً ضعیف می باشند. در ادامه، مهمترین عوامل اثرگذار بر پیشرفت تکنولوژی در کشورهای اوپک مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که در بین عوامل مورد بررسی، باز بودن تجاری عامل اصلی بهبود بهره وری در این کشورهاست. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Study of Effective Factors on Income Inequality Decrease in Rural Areas of Iran
Ali Bagherzadeh

According to the Ahlowalia hypothesis (1995), the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) beside infrastructure investments of government lead to income inequality decrease in rural areas of countries. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of More

According to the Ahlowalia hypothesis (1995), the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) beside infrastructure investments of government lead to income inequality decrease in rural areas of countries. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of public investments such as agricultural R&E, road, education and irrigation on income inequality in rural areas of Iran. In order to get results, we used ARDL method and time series data of 1980 to 2008. However, this research attempts to survey the direction of causality between the income inequality and total factor productivity (TFP) in Iran. Empirical results show there is a negative relation between income inequality and agricultural TFP in rural areas of Iran. Hence, additional investments on rural education and agricultural R& E have significance and different impacts on income inequality. Findings showed Ahlowalia hypothesis developed for the relation among income inequality, TFP and investment in electricity is not rejected in case of Iran’s rural areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Analysis of the Effects of Domestic and Foreign Investment in R&D on Agricultural TFP in Iran
Ali Bagherzadeh

Nowadays, agricultural R&D provides new and developed technologies to create modern agricultural producing methods. During recent years, improving agricultural productivity is affected by not only domestic R&D investments but also foreign countries R&D inves More

Nowadays, agricultural R&D provides new and developed technologies to create modern agricultural producing methods. During recent years, improving agricultural productivity is affected by not only domestic R&D investments but also foreign countries R&D investments. Nowadays, according to new growth models, R&D is the base of productivity. Recent economic theories consider agricultural research and it's spill overs as important factors for technological change and economic growth. This paper investigates the amount of agricultural total factor productivity in Iran and analyzes the relationship between TFP, domestic agricultural research, and foreign agricultural R&D during 1979–2008. In this study Iran's partners are 20 Asian, European and South American countries. The Solow residual index approach is applied for the measurement of total factor productivity in agricultural sector of Iran. ARDL model involving different lag length specifications were estimated taking TFP as a dependent variable. The results indicate that agricultural researches (both domestic and foreign R&D) have positive and significant impact on agricultural TFP. But the impact of foreign R&D on agricultural productivity is stronger than the effect of domestic R&D. According to gained results considerable portion of national product should be allocated to R&D costs and research budget of agricultural sector should be increased to standard level. Also government should pay attention to its partner countries because agricultural R&D spillover of developed countries is more than developing countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Effect of Quality and Quantity of Human Capital of Education on Total Factor productivity in Iran's Non-oil Economy
Shahram Mosalla Alireaz Amini Gholamreza Geraeeinejad Ali Akbar Khosravinejad

The study of the effect of human capital promotion in terms of education on totalfactor productivity (TFP) is one of the important topics in the macroeconomicliterature and educational policy that has been considered by many economists inrecent years. Therefore, in the More

The study of the effect of human capital promotion in terms of education on totalfactor productivity (TFP) is one of the important topics in the macroeconomicliterature and educational policy that has been considered by many economists inrecent years. Therefore, in the present study, quantitative and qualitative criteriawere selected and weighted by interacting by fifteen university professors in thefield of human capital. After constructing the aggregated indicators of quantity andquality of education, the relationship between these mentioned indicators on totalfactor productivity in the non-oil economy during the period 1986-1988 has beenstudied. For this purpose, after calculating the total factor productivity index viaSolo the remaining method, the effect of quantity and quality of education indicatorson total factor productivity has been analyzed. The results of implementing ARDLmodel while confirming the hypothesis of positive impact of human capital on TFP,showed that the quantity of education has a greater impact on TFP than the qualityof education. The positive impact of R&D and production capacity utilization rateon TFP was also confirmed. Due to reduced quality of education in recent years, theneed to control the quantitative development of education and improve the quality ofeducation has a higher priority than in the past. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Impact of ICT onTotal Factor Productivity in Selected Countries of The World
Ahmad Jafarisamimi Alireza daghighiasli Mah shad Arab

In recent years, Information and Communications Technology has the greatest impact on different aspects of human's life including effect of this technology on all economic sectors. In particular, ICT has increased Total Factor Productivity in many countries of the world More

In recent years, Information and Communications Technology has the greatest impact on different aspects of human's life including effect of this technology on all economic sectors. In particular, ICT has increased Total Factor Productivity in many countries of the world especially developed countries from the second half of the 0991s. ICT capital has characteristics of knowledge commodity. Hence, it is able both through capital deepening and by its overflowing effect to affect productivity. This paper investigates ICT impact on TFP using Panel Data Method for the sample of selected developing and developed countries within the time period 3112-3112. Results of this study indicate that ICT internal investment and ICT external capital or the very ICT overflow, both, have positive and significant effect on TFP both in the sample of all the selected developing countries and in the sample of developed countries. In addition, effect of human capital on TFP in both samples of developed countries and selected developing countries was found positive. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - بررسی همگرایی بهره‌وری و توسعه مالی در صنایع کارخانه‌ای ایران ( رهیافت همگرایی سیگما)
محدثه سلیمانی حسن طایی تیمور محمدی

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Open Access Article

11 - Decomposition of Total Factor Productivity Growth of Pistachio Production in Rafsanjan Region of Iran
Alireza Rashidi Sharifabadi Hossein Mehrabi Boshrabadi

10.22034/jon.2011.515756

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Open Access Article

12 - The Study of Factors Affecting Income Inequality in Rural Areas of Iran (The Ahluwalia Approach)
A. Bagherzadeh

According to the Ahluwalia hypothesis (1995), the growth of total factor of productivity (TFP) in agricultural sectors along with the other government infrastructural investment in rural areas are the reason of income inequality decrease in these areas.The main objectiv More

According to the Ahluwalia hypothesis (1995), the growth of total factor of productivity (TFP) in agricultural sectors along with the other government infrastructural investment in rural areas are the reason of income inequality decrease in these areas.The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of public investments such as agricultural, road and education(R&E) and Irrigation on income inequality in rural areas of Iran. This research also attempts to study the direction of causality between the income inequality and total factor productivity (TFP) in Iran. Using ARDL methods in the period at 1980 to 2008, empirical results showed that there is a negative relationship between income inequality and agricultural TFP in rural areas of Iran. Hence, additional investments in rural education and agricultural R&E have significant impacts on income inequality. Findings showed also that the Ahluwali hypothesis of the relationship between income inequality and agricultural TFP in Iran's rural areas is not ejected Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Study of the relationship between Exchange Rates and the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Growth: An Empirical Analysis Based On Panel Data in Selected Countries
Mohammad Reza Shahab

Productivity is one the important concepts and fundamental necessity for the economic growth and development of all countries of the world. Hence, the study and identification of variables and factors influencing it, is essential especially for appropriate policymaking. More

Productivity is one the important concepts and fundamental necessity for the economic growth and development of all countries of the world. Hence, the study and identification of variables and factors influencing it, is essential especially for appropriate policymaking. The main objective of this study can be served as an investigation of the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the TFP growth and to achieve this, the third class of endogenous growth theories have been considered in order to design hypotheses and model.To test hypotheses, the panel data methodology is employed for the period of 2000 to 2009 and the specified model is estimated for 7 selected countries of APO members including I.R Of Iran in deferent approaches and in order to determine the presence and type of effects, the Leamer and Hauseman tests are carried out.The results of estimations confirm our two hypotheses and statistically indicate that the significant relation between exchange rate fluctuations and TFP growth cannot be rejected so that the TFP growth will decline if the exchange rate increases and vice versa. Furthermore, the study has several consequences which are concerned with the effects of other variables on the TFP growth, such as the degree of openness to foreign trade and inflationary circumstances. Policy recommendations have been discussed in the terminal sector of paper.  Manuscript profile

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