Treating problematic soils at the location of irrigation and drainage networks in order to prevent hydraulic structure failure and thus water losses is considered an important issue regarding water and soil conservation. Expansive soils are found in many parts of the wo More
Treating problematic soils at the location of irrigation and drainage networks in order to prevent hydraulic structure failure and thus water losses is considered an important issue regarding water and soil conservation. Expansive soils are found in many parts of the world and are considered a worldwide problem as they cause extensive damage to structures (especially hydraulic). This paper presents the laboratory results of wetting and drying cycles for expansive clay prepared with saline (sodium chloride with a concentration of 50 g/L) to improve its quality. Soil samples were prepared by static compaction using saline water and wetting and drying cycles by a modified and conventional Oedometer apparatus. Results indicated that axial deformation caused by consecutive wetting and drying cycles decreases and reaches equilibrium after five consecutive cycles thus causing the amount of swelling and shrinkage to be equal. Furthermore swelling and shrinkage paths (void ratio versus water content paths) indicate that the general shape of a wetting or drying cycle is an S-shaped curve which will reach equilibrium thus eliminating hysteresis caused by wetting and drying in the final cycle causing identical swelling and shrinkage paths.
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In this research, the natural film based on starch and cellulose on a micro-scale was produced and its properties were investigated in terms of sheeting ability to absorb moisture in food packaging. For this purpose, ground cellulose fibers with 60-micrometer mesh were More
In this research, the natural film based on starch and cellulose on a micro-scale was produced and its properties were investigated in terms of sheeting ability to absorb moisture in food packaging. For this purpose, ground cellulose fibers with 60-micrometer mesh were dissolved in 1% acetic acid solvent, starch, and glycerol. The resulting solution was converted into a film by casting the evaporation method and drying at ambient temperature. The properties of biodegradable biofilms such as swelling degree (SD), water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EB) were evaluated at various thicknesses and times. Results indicated that the maximum amount of SD of biopolymer (5.91) was obtained in thickness group 1 (> 0.1mm) and during 30 min of storage. The relatively high strength of the micro cellulose (MC) film was significant (6.78 ± 0.76 N) and its permeability increased by increasing the thickness of the biofilm. The results showed that due to the hydration ability and strength of the MC film can be used as a moisture-absorbent bio pad for food packaging purposes.
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Due to high demands for wood products as lumbers, panels as well as wood products and also regarding deficit of wood sources in the country, attentions are changing to substitute wood products with wood plastic composites made from wood wastes. Therefore, it provides op More
Due to high demands for wood products as lumbers, panels as well as wood products and also regarding deficit of wood sources in the country, attentions are changing to substitute wood products with wood plastic composites made from wood wastes. Therefore, it provides opportunities to solve environmental aspects of the waste materials as well as use very low cost sources for production.
This research work has been concerned to study swelling of wood plastic composites made from different ratios of wood waste manufactured by two techniques of extrusion and hot press modeling. The samples were made based on target density of 1 g/cm3 and dimensions as 35×35×1cm from beech wood flours as wastes and polypropylene with mixing ratios of 40, 50 and 60%. The samples were made with two techniques of extrusion modeling and hot press modeling.
Results revealed that any increase of wood particles ratio from 40 to 60% increased the thickness swelling of the wood plastic samples. It was also shown that composites with higher ratios of the wood flours achieved to their maxima of the saturation within a shorter period. Boards molded samples with hot press had lower swelling than that of the extruded molding.
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According to the valid reasons that exist in Islamic sources, the obligatory ruling agreed by the jurists is sanctity, and anyone who caused the abortion is considered a criminal, and finally, considering the period that The sperm. has entered the mother's womb and has More
According to the valid reasons that exist in Islamic sources, the obligatory ruling agreed by the jurists is sanctity, and anyone who caused the abortion is considered a criminal, and finally, considering the period that The sperm. has entered the mother's womb and has gone through several stages.However, with the emergence of secondary titles, the jurists have excluded certain cases from the rule of sanctity before the soul's death, so it is very important to recognize this time.The present article was written with a descriptive analytical method and using library data, both real and cyber, so that first the concept of the right to life was studied according to the verses of the Qur'an, and then it was tried using an analytical method to From the interpretive hadiths and by examining the word fetus in them as well as the method or subjectivity of its formation, the time and duration of the soul should be measured.The investigations carried out show that the lack of separation between the animal soul and the human soul in some narrations and the transfer of the meaning of the soul to the conventional understanding, requires that the conventional meaning of life and the revival of the fetus is taken from the existence of the soul. Doubts and the lack of certainty about the realization of the phenomenon of the soul, the rule of caution requires that in doubtful cases, we rule against the permissibility of abortion.
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Methods: In this research, composites based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with silica gel and modified by vinyl groups were prepared. The modified nanoparticles were reacted with Mero grain gel to establish a covalent bond between the two compounds. Naproxen was then ad More
Methods: In this research, composites based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with silica gel and modified by vinyl groups were prepared. The modified nanoparticles were reacted with Mero grain gel to establish a covalent bond between the two compounds. Naproxen was then added to the final nanohydrogel. UV spectroscopy was used to ensure drug loading. After that, the drug release step was tested and UV spectroscopy was used again. FT-IR spectroscopy was also used to identify the modified nanoparticles. The surface morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles in maroon grain nanohydrogels were investigated using SEM scanning electron microscopy technique.Increasing the rate of water penetration into the hydrogel network reduces the release time of the drug. By placing the hydrogel in a buffer with a pH of 7.4, the buffer solution penetrates into the hydrogel network and the drug is released from it, so over time, the concentration of the drug in the buffer increases and the absorption of naproxen loaded: 2.1757, Absorption of naproxen released after 24 hours: 1.386 and drug release percentage after 24 hours: 63.7%.
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Soroosh (oil field) is in the north west of the Persian Gulf, 80 km WSW of Khark Island. Present researchcontains 6 Lab tests (PVT cell) which has been measured injection effect and gas solution of Burgan formationin Foruzan field in swelling criterion for saturated oil More
Soroosh (oil field) is in the north west of the Persian Gulf, 80 km WSW of Khark Island. Present researchcontains 6 Lab tests (PVT cell) which has been measured injection effect and gas solution of Burgan formationin Foruzan field in swelling criterion for saturated oil sample of one well related to Soroosh oil field at variouspressures and reservoir temperature (180 Fº).Based on analysis results, by increasing swelling criterion the oil viscosity and oil formation volume factor willbe decreased and increased respectively.Implementation of this process will be affected on production and recovery factor to increase.The maximum swelling criterion of oil for Sorosh field through gas injection on Burgan layer of Foruzan field in4500 psig is equal to 28.56 % and the minimum swelling criterion of oil in 1000 psig is equal to 4.79 % atreservoir temperature.
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Hydrogels are three dimensional polymers that do not dissolve in water, but they swell. One of the most important physical properties of hydrogels is their swelling in water [1]. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is widely used for its biocompatibility behavier [2]. Methacrylic acid More
Hydrogels are three dimensional polymers that do not dissolve in water, but they swell. One of the most important physical properties of hydrogels is their swelling in water [1]. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is widely used for its biocompatibility behavier [2]. Methacrylic acid also has many uses due to its COOH group. In this project, co hydrogel (vinyl pyrrolidone-methacrylic acid) was prepared by using free radical polymerization at 65 ° C for 5 hours and45 minutes using AIBN as a initiator and methylene bis acrylamide as a crosslinking agent. Then, at different pH and different temperatures and intensity of different ions, the maximum swelling at pH = 12 and in the ratio 1: 1,8000%, and the minimum swelling at pH=12 in ratio 1:2 was obtained. To identify the structure we use FTIR and for thermal identification we use T.G.A. And the maximum degradation for these hydrogels was at 75 ° C due to the high swelling rate.
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Hydrogels are 3-Dimensional (3-D) polymers that are water-insoluble. The functional groups in Hydrogels lead to water absorption and swell. In the Interpenetrating polymer network (I.P.N), polyvinyl sulfonic acid P(VSA) is imprisoned in the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrol More
Hydrogels are 3-Dimensional (3-D) polymers that are water-insoluble. The functional groups in Hydrogels lead to water absorption and swell. In the Interpenetrating polymer network (I.P.N), polyvinyl sulfonic acid P(VSA) is imprisoned in the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) because of the higher Maxwell energy of PVP rather than P(VSA).In this work, we prepared co-hydrogels by free radical polymerization method using the two monomers PVP and PVSA. The azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator and N,N-methylen-e-bisacrylamide as a cross-linker agent was used at 65ċ for five hours and 45 minutes. We prepared co-hydrogels in 1:1,1:0.5,and 1:0.25 mole ratios on feed composition. Therefore, we obtained amphiphilic hydrogels to study the complexation behavior between the two cationic and anionic monomers. Uv-Spectrometry was performed. For the first time, the structural properties were identified by FT-IR. We investigated the swelling properties of synthesized co-hydrogels (Amphiphilite hydrogels) at different temperatures. The optimum temperature for the synthesized co-hydrogels was obtained.
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