The increasing spread of social gaps in the heterogeneous society of Israel and casting doubts on identity symbols of Zionism have challenged the ontological security of this regime. By applying racial discrimination policies, Zionism has faced social elements with stru More
The increasing spread of social gaps in the heterogeneous society of Israel and casting doubts on identity symbols of Zionism have challenged the ontological security of this regime. By applying racial discrimination policies, Zionism has faced social elements with structural separation, it has reduced the desires of social forces to support this regime. Assuming various gaps in Israel and with a descriptive-analytical method, the present article answers the question, in Constructivism theoretical framework, that what is the role of identity crisis in formation of the Israelite ontological insecurity? According to the findings, inability to resolve the problems and gaps resulting from internal, have led to make the structure of this regime security-oriented. The formation of this securitized environment along with the use of violence emanating from the Zionist ideology has caused Israel to have a strong tendency to belligerence in such a way that threats and tension have become a part of the ontological security of this government, and the efforts to security been included in Israel's foreign policy. Solving the crisis of ontological insecurity requires a change in the rigid Zionist approach to a soft approach, as well as going through the process of making the government non-security-oriented.
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Slum-dwelling around cities, as a sociological phenomenon, has had countless consequences for countries, including developing societies. Separation of rural people from their cultural, economic and social context and their presence in marginal areas of cities, in additi More
Slum-dwelling around cities, as a sociological phenomenon, has had countless consequences for countries, including developing societies. Separation of rural people from their cultural, economic and social context and their presence in marginal areas of cities, in addition to harming marginalized immigrants, has led to the emergence of numerous gaps in metropolitan areas. A deep understanding of this situation and providing a solution to deal with its various consequences, as this article aims to provide, requires the study of the relationship of slum-dwelling and social gaps in these areas. Therefore, in this field study, two areas, Khatunabad and Hesar Amir in the southeast of Tehran metropolis were selected as research population and three neighborhoods of each of them were selected via a cluster-random sampling technique. A Likert-type questionnaire was used to collect necessary data. The findings showed that the intensity of dissatisfaction resulting from uneven development and the feeling of relative deprivation, structural problems and weaknesses in these areas is about 67% and this dissatisfaction , has led to the emergence of all kinds of rifts in these areas and has made these areas prone to protest actions.
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سرمایه اجتماعی که در دهه های اخیر بیشتر مورد توجه اندیشمندان و متفکران حوزه علوم اجتماعی قرار گرفته است، مفهومی کلان بوده و دربردارنده ابعاد متعدد اجتماعی همچون اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی، هنجارها و وجوه گوناگون پیوندها، همکاری، اعتماد متقابل و ارتباطات میان اعضای یک شبکه More
سرمایه اجتماعی که در دهه های اخیر بیشتر مورد توجه اندیشمندان و متفکران حوزه علوم اجتماعی قرار گرفته است، مفهومی کلان بوده و دربردارنده ابعاد متعدد اجتماعی همچون اعتماد و مشارکت اجتماعی، هنجارها و وجوه گوناگون پیوندها، همکاری، اعتماد متقابل و ارتباطات میان اعضای یک شبکه است. با توجه به این مهم، تحقیق حاضر به بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی(با سه بعد ساختاری، شناختی و ارتباطی) در توسعه اجتماعی و سیاسی ایران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی پرداخته است. این تحقیق به روش آمیخته (کمّی و کیفی) صورت گرفته است و جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش در بخش کمّی شامل 600 نفر از دانشگاهیان شهر تهران در سال 1398 و در فاز کیفی شامل 12 نفر از صاحب نظران مسائل توسعه، استادان دانشگاه بود که با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی فازی اطلاعات آنها گردآوری و تحلیل شد. تکنیک دلفی فازی به عنوان تاییدی بر یافته های کمی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یافته های تحقیق نشان می دهد توسعه سیاسی جوامع دانشگاهی بر سرمایه اجتماعی اثر گذار بوده است. به عبارتی، بین متغیرهای توسعه سیاسی (متغیر وابسته ) و سرمایه اجتماعی (متغیر مستقل) همبستگی معناداری وجود دارد. در کل، می توان اشاره داشت که 3/42% از تغییرات متغیر وابسته یعنی توسعه سیاسی (حق رأی و شرکت در انتخابات و اجتماعات) به کمک متغیر مستقل (سرمایه اجتماعی) قابل تبیین است. یافته های تکنیک دلفی فازی حکایت از توافق تقریبا کامل(بالای 70 درصد) خبرگان در مورد تاثیر شاخص های سرمایه اجتماعی بر توسعه سیاسی و اجتماعی در ایران دارد.
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