List of Articles Physical and Chemical Properti

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  1 - Evaluation of Modified biochar and Zeolite Effect on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of loamy Soil
  Amir Soltani Mohammadi yazdan khodarahmi Saeed boroomand nasab Abd Ali Nasseri
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of modified biochar sugarcane bagasse and potassium zeolite as natural and environmentally friendly fertilizers on some physical and chemical properties of soil in a completely randomized design wit More

  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of modified biochar sugarcane bagasse and potassium zeolite as natural and environmentally friendly fertilizers on some physical and chemical properties of soil in a completely randomized design with four replications for three months per year 2018 was conducted at the Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. The levels of biochar and zeolite use included three levels of 0, 2 and 5 grams per kg of soil (0, 0.2 and 0.5 wt%).The results showed that the 2 and 5 grams biochar per kg of soil increased the total porosity by 3.7% and 9.2% respectively, 9.6% and 19% moisture content of crop capacity, 1 and 1.5% moisture content of wilting point, 9.8% and 21.3% organic carbon, 9% and 18% of absorbable phosphorus, 8% and 22% of nitrogen, 6.5% and 27.9% of electrical conductivity , 3.3% and 8% respectively of bulk density and 0.26% 0.92 percent soil acidity. The levels of 2 and 5 grams of zeolite per kilogram of soil also increased 2 and 6 percent bulk density, 2.33% and 3.89% specific gravity, 10.1% and 26.5 percent moisture content, 1.1% And 6.3% moisture content of wilting point, 0.65 and 1.05% of acidity, 9.1% and 33.5% of electrical conductivity, 0.09% and 3.4% of total porosity, 0.26% and 0.92% respectively Soil acidity was not significant and did not have a significant effect on specific gravity, organic carbon, absorbable phosphorus and soil nitrogen. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Laboratory Evaluation the Organic Amender’s Effect on the Leaching Process of Saline- Sodic Soils
  MOHAMMADREZA DALAIAN FATEMEH ZABIHI samira sarbazrashid
  10.30495/wsrcj.2021.19210
  Background and Aim: Soil salinity and alkalinity are one of the most important destructive soil processes, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Sodium soils are faced with degradation of soil structure, reduction of permeability and speed of water movement in the s More

  Background and Aim: Soil salinity and alkalinity are one of the most important destructive soil processes, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Sodium soils are faced with degradation of soil structure, reduction of permeability and speed of water movement in the soil, runoff increasing, decrease of land use, ventilation decreasing, and finally, decrease of crop yield. Many researches have been conducted based on physical, chemical, and biological methods to improve the saline and sodic soils, but the hybrid method is the most effective in the improvement of these soils. In this study, the effect of two organic amenders (Potassium Humate and Chicken Feather-CF) with leaching in improving some physical and chemical properties of saline and sodic soils has been investigated.Method: In this research, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications was conducted. The first factor was the type of amender (Potassium Humate and Chicken Feather), the second factor was the amount of amender (0.75 and 1.5 Weight percentage) and the third factor was leaching levels (no leaching, 45, 90, and 135 days of incubation). After sampling from depth 0 to 30 cm and measuring some physical and chemical properties of the soil samples, the amenders are mixed with the soil and the soil moisture content was delivered to the field capacity (0.7-0.8 FC). Then the soil samples were poured into the columns. Soil columns were leached at three intervals of 1.5 months with the amount of one pore volume (P.V). At each leaching stage, the properties such as soil acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in drainage water (DW) and pH, EC, SAR, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), wet aggregate stability (WAS), organic carbon (OC) and hydraulic saturation conductivity (Ks) were measured in soil columns. Statistical analyzes and the comparison of means were performed by LSD test and using SPSS17 software. The graphs were drawn with EXCEL software.Results: The results showed that Potassium Humate reduced the pH of the soil and increased the pH of DW. This effect was more as the amender’s weight and leaching increased. Also, Potassium Humate reduced the ECe of soil and this effect was more as the leaching increased. The findings showed that the high amount of amenders led to the high SAR in DW. As the leaching stage increased, the SAR of soil decreased in both amenders. The 1.5% of amenders amount had more effect on the reduction of SAR than the level of 0.75% in both amenders. With increasing leaching, the CEC of soil decreased. The highest CEC (31.2 cmolc.kg-1) was obtained in the CF with 1.5% of the amender’s amount. When the number of amenders increased, the CEC of soil increased. Also, when the leaching and the amount of CF increased, the ESP of soil decreased.The results showed that with increasing the leaching in Potassium Humate, the % OC of soil decreased. The WAS increased with increasing the amount of CF. The highest amount of WAS was in CF (1.5%). Potassium Humate in high amounts (1.5 %) reduced Ks. Ks decreased with increasing leaching from the second leaching stage onwards.Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the addition of amenders increases the pH and SAR in the DW and decreases the pH (from 8.24 to 7.39), ECe (from 17.07 to 0.8 dS.m-1) and SAR (from 19.34 to 11.1 (cmolc.l-1)0.5) in the soil. Leaching increased pH and ECe in DW and decreased CEC, ESP in soil and decreased KS by increasing leaching stages after the second leaching stage. Potassium Humate reduced OC%, KS and Chicken Feather increased CEC and WAS and decreased ESP in soil. In general, Chicken Feather (with 0.75%) along with leaching is recommended to modify the saline and sodic soils. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Comparative Study of the Effects of Ultrasound and Microwave Treatments on Soybean Oil Extraction
  M. Haddadi M. Gharachorloo B. Ghiassi Tarzi
  Introduction: The continuous need of human society to extract vegetable oils has led to many studies on the introduction of a more efficient and economical extraction process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ultrasonic and microwave applications More

  Introduction: The continuous need of human society to extract vegetable oils has led to many studies on the introduction of a more efficient and economical extraction process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ultrasonic and microwave applications as new methods for extracting oil and also studying the physicochemical properties of the extracted oil using two ultrasonic and microwave pre-treatments. Materials and Methods: In this study, soybean oil was extracted by ultrasound at three different time intervals of 30, 60 and 90 minutes, and two different temperatures of 25 and 50 °C in the presence and absence of solvent. Microwave was also applied as heat pre-treatment at three different time intervals of 1, 3 and 5 minutes, and 180 watts in the presence and absence of solvent. Soxhlet method was applied as a mean to extract the oil. The physicochemical properties of the extracted oils were studied. Results: In the present study, the ultrasound treated samples had the highest effect on oil extraction efficiency at 50 °C for 90 minutes by solvent-treated seeds, and this effect was significant (p <0.05). Ultrasound pretreatment increased oil pigments extraction in comparison with other methods and had less effect on acidity and peroxide values than microwave pretreatment. Conclusion: Microwave preheating and ultrasound were superior to Soxhlet's method alone in the extraction efficiency of soybean oil, and ultrasound pre-treatment showed the best results. Additionally, the microwave and ultrasound extraction methods did not have adverse effects on physicochemical characteristics of soybean oil. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Effect of Land Use Change from Forest to Agriculture and Abounded of Agriculture on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Zagros Forest Ecosystem
  Masoud Bazgir Mehdi Hydari Nasim Zeynali Mehrdad Kohzadean
  10.30495/jest.2020.26084.3506
  Background and Objective: Deforestation and land use change of forests into simple ecosystems is as a global concerning and this problem also increases in Asia during the 20th century.This study aimed to study effect of land use change from forest to agriculture and abo More

  Background and Objective: Deforestation and land use change of forests into simple ecosystems is as a global concerning and this problem also increases in Asia during the 20th century.This study aimed to study effect of land use change from forest to agriculture and abounded of agriculture on soil physical and chemical properties in Zagros forest ecosystem.Method: We consider similar conditions in terms of physiography by maximum different height in150 m and distancing less than 3 km including undisturbed forest (control), Long-term abounded of agriculture and continues agriculture.Findings: The results of one-way ANOVA showed that all soil physical and chemical properties had significant differences among different land uses. The highest amount of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium found in control and agricultural abounded. According to PCA analysis, control and Long-term abounded of agriculture land uses were strongly correlated with the same direction of the first and second axis. This means that soil attributes in these land uses were similar.Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that change in land use from Zagros forest into agriculture had distinguished negative effecton soil physical and chemical properties.By doing long-term protection on degraded soil because of land use change can improve soil properties like forest soils conditions. The monitoring of applied management such as conservation management on soil properties according to the distance of plots studied using principal components analysis is possible. Manuscript profile
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  5 - بررسی تغییرات هدایت هیدرولیکی و پارامترهای فیزیکی و شیمیائی خاک پس از بهره برداری از شبکه کوت و حمودی دشت آزادگان
  آرش محجوبی کاظم طرفی محمد الباجی
  واحدهای عمرانی کوت و حمودی دو واحد از واحدهای هفتگانه نواحی یک و دو شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی دشت آزادگان خوزستان هستند که از زمان بهرهبرداری آنها حدود هفت سال میگذرد. نتایج مطالعات قبل از احداث شبکه نشان داد که سطح آب زیرزمینی در مساحت قابل توجهی از این نواحی بالا بوده و بیش More

  واحدهای عمرانی کوت و حمودی دو واحد از واحدهای هفتگانه نواحی یک و دو شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی دشت آزادگان خوزستان هستند که از زمان بهرهبرداری آنها حدود هفت سال میگذرد. نتایج مطالعات قبل از احداث شبکه نشان داد که سطح آب زیرزمینی در مساحت قابل توجهی از این نواحی بالا بوده و بیش از 90 درصد اراضی دارای شوری و قلیائی زیاد تا بسیار زیاد بودند. با اجراء، تکمیل و بهرهبرداری از شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی اصلی در این واحدهای عمرانی، سوالی مطرح شد که آیا احداث کانالهای پوششدار بتنی و زهکشهای سطحی نسبتاً عمیق )درجه یک و دو(، تغییراتی را در شرایط فیزیکی و شیمیائی خاک اراضی به وجود آورده است. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیقات نشان داد در واحد عمرانی حمودی سطح ایستابی مقداری پائین رفته ولی در واحد کوت سطح آب زیرزمینی نسبت به قبل بالاتر آمده است. شوری آب زیرزمینی در برخی از مناطق در هر دو ناحیه ثابت و در برخی نقاط دیگر، نسبت به قبل از احداث شبکه کاهش یافته است. هدایت هیدرولیکی در برخی از نقاط بدون تغییر و در برخی از نقاط کاهش یافته است. مقایسه سایر پارامترهای کیفی خاک در چاهک های حفاری شده در اعماق مختلف نشان داد که پارامترهای شیمیائی خاک در برخی از نقاط کاهش و در برخی از نقاط افزایش یافته است. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Parent Material Impact on the Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Some Important Geological Formations in Zanjan Province
  Ali Afshari hossin Khademi
  Concentrations of heavy metals in soil depending on the parent material and the pedogenic and geochemical processes affect the distribution. This study aimed to determine the concentration and distribution of some heavy metals in soil geochemical distribution derived fr More

  Concentrations of heavy metals in soil depending on the parent material and the pedogenic and geochemical processes affect the distribution. This study aimed to determine the concentration and distribution of some heavy metals in soil geochemical distribution derived from different parent materials in the major geological formations in Zanjan province. For this purpose, number of 67 samples of surface soils from different parent materials, which includes 19 samples igneous parent materials (soils with parent material andesite, basalt, granite, volcanic tuff), 17 soil with sediment parent materials (soil parent material with shale and sandstone) and 31 samples from alluvial deposits were taken. According to the results, the highest mean Cu (38.6), Zn (191.7) and Pb (85.5) in the alluvial parent material, Cr (31.5) and Ni (66) in soils with shale parent material, manganese in soils with granite parent material (674.4) and andesite (673.8) and iron in the soil parent material andesite with (19800) and shale (18600) mg/kg were recorded. The total concentration of cobalt and cadmium in the soil parent material did not show substantial changes. Soil chemical fractionation of various metals was varied. Mobility factor for elements were obtained: Pb(29.8)>Co(25.1)>Ni(18.5)>Cu(6.2)>Zn(5.1). The highest levels of enrichment factor for elements Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu in alluvial parent materials, enrichment factor of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the soil parent material andesite and that for chromium and nickel in soil enriched with shale parent material was obtained. Geo-accumulation indicators showed the similar results. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Effect of Conservation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Gisum Forest Park Soil and Dr. Dorostkar Warehouse in province Guilan
  sajedeh rezaipoorjolandan
  Excessive presence of livestock as well as forest dwellers in the villages around the forest are the most important factors that have accelerated the process of destruction of forest ecosystems. Area protection is one ofthe simple management improvement methods that imp More

  Excessive presence of livestock as well as forest dwellers in the villages around the forest are the most important factors that have accelerated the process of destruction of forest ecosystems. Area protection is one ofthe simple management improvement methods that improves the physical and chemical conditions of the soil. This study was conducted to determine the effect of grazing management of livestock (wildlife and domestic livestock) and human presence on physical and chemical properties of soil in two protected areas with an area of 171 hectares and unprotected with an area of 1123.1 hectares inGuilan province. Systematic sampling method was used starting with a random point with a grid size of 150 × 200 meters and a total of 60 samples were taken in both protected and unprotected areas. Inside each sample plot, a mixture of topsoil (depth 0 to 20) was taken to decompose some of the most important physical and chemical properties of the soil and transferred to the laboratory. The results obtained from the two-way t-student test showed that in relation to the physical properties of the soil, two factors, saturated moisture and sand, and in relation to the chemical properties of the soil, only potassium in the two regions showed significant differences. In general, the mean values of bulk density, saturated moisture, clay, silt, organic carbon and potassium in the unprotected area were higher than the obtained protected area and the other factors in the protected area had a higher average value than the unprotected area. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of imidazolium based ionic liquid:1-butyl 3-methylimidazoium methyl sulfate.
  seyed mohammadreza shoja majid abdouss ali akbar miran beigi
  In this work, the imidazolium based ionic liquid, i.e. 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate [BMIM][MeSO4], was synthesized and identified using NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis (CHNOS). Physical and chemical properties of this ionic liquid including density, vis More

  In this work, the imidazolium based ionic liquid, i.e. 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate [BMIM][MeSO4], was synthesized and identified using NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis (CHNOS). Physical and chemical properties of this ionic liquid including density, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, pH, and speed of sound were initially investigated in the temperature range of 10°C-90°C as well as its electrochemical window at ambient temperature. The results showed that, this ionic liquid had a wide electrochemical window (6V) and all the mentioned physical and chemical parameters except pH were completely temperature-dependent and decreased by increasing temperature. The pH of the ionic liquid was almost constant in the desired temperature range. The results of this research can be utilized as a database on the mentioned temperature range for this ionic liquid. Manuscript profile