Introduction: Child mortality is one of the most important cultural, economic and health indicators in evaluating the health status of the community. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between health centers with the child mortality based on the Gini coefficie More
Introduction: Child mortality is one of the most important cultural, economic and health indicators in evaluating the health status of the community. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between health centers with the child mortality based on the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. Methods: This ecological descriptive study was conducted in 2016 to examine the equality or inequality in the distribution of health facilities in the cities of Mazandaran province based on demographic indicators. The research population consisted of health centers, health personnel, emergency centers and the number of employees in these centers. After collecting data from the Ministry of Health of Mazandaran and babol University of Medical Sciences, the obtained data was analyzed using Dasp2.1, STATA and SPSS19 software. Results: Gini coefficient for the distribution of rural health centers was 0.28 and 0.32 for urban health centers, based on population. The Gini coefficient for distribution of health centers and health personnel was higher than 0.3. There was a significant relationship between the ratio of rural health centers to the population and child mortality (r = -0.853, p-value = 0.03) of children under five years old (r = -0.901, p-value = 0.01), and between the ratio of health centers to population and child mortality (r = -0.367; p-value = 0.03) of children under five years old (r = 0.489, p-value = 0.03). Conclusion: Since a significant level of inequality was found in the distribution of some health centers, considering the relationship between health centers and child mortality.
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زمینه و هدف: در طب سنتی از شیر خشت به عنوان یک روش درمانی به صورت سنتی در طب ایرانی برای درمان زردی نوزادان استفاده میشود. با استفاده از متا آنالیز و مرور متون، اثر شیر خشت بر زردی نوزادان بررسی شد. روش تحقیق: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر کارآزمایی های با More
زمینه و هدف: در طب سنتی از شیر خشت به عنوان یک روش درمانی به صورت سنتی در طب ایرانی برای درمان زردی نوزادان استفاده میشود. با استفاده از متا آنالیز و مرور متون، اثر شیر خشت بر زردی نوزادان بررسی شد. روش تحقیق: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر کارآزمایی های بالینی انجام شده در مورد شیرخشت بر زردی نوزادان است. شیوه اصلی که در این مطالعه استفاده شده شامل جستجو مقالات انگلیسی و فارسی تا مارچ 2016 بوده است. کیفبت کارآزمایی های بالینی با استفاده از چک لیست کانسورت برای مداخلات دارویی بررسی شد. هفت مطالعه که دارای تورش پایین یا متوسط بوده اند با 804 شرکت کننده برابر با 410 مورد در برابر 394 شاهد برای ورود به مطالعه مروری و یا متا آنالیز با نرم افزار CMA نسخه 2.2 انتخاب شدند. نتایج: مقدار کلی بیلی روبین پلاسما در 0، 12، 24 ، 36، 48 ساعت و طول دوره اقامت در بیمارستان کنترل شده و هیچگونه عارضه جانبی گزارش نشده است. متاآنالیز نشان دهنده هتروژنیتی برجسته ای از نتایج بوده است(Q-value = 132.446, P< 0.0001, I2 = 87.165, τ = 0.998). با این حال، اثرات موثر شیرخشت بر زردی نوزادان نشان داده شده است(n= 804, OR = 0.242, 95% CI: 0.147 to 0.399, P < 0.0001). همچنین میتوان اذعان نمود که شیر خشت میتواند مدت اقامت در بیمارستان را نیز کاهش دهد(n= 804, SMD= -1.154, 95% CI: -1.854 to -0.455, P< 0.001). با این حال نتایج به دست آمده هتروژن و ناهمگن بوده است(Q-value= 119.642, P< 0.0001, I2= 94.985, τ= 0.913). توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: گرچه که متاآنالیز شیر خشت بر زردی نوزدان نشان دهنده اثر مثبت شیرخشت بر زردی نوزادان در این مطالعات بوده، با این حال انجام مطالعات چند مرکزی کارآزمایی بالینی با حجم نمونه بالاتر که برای عوامل خطر کنترل شده و مقایسه آن با روش درمان رایج که فتوتراپی می باشد توصیه می­شود.
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Desmopressin acetate (DA) is one of the synthetic replacements of vasopressin. Considering the possible effects of this medication on the reproductive system, in the present study the effects of this medication during fetal and neonatal development of the hypothalamic p More
Desmopressin acetate (DA) is one of the synthetic replacements of vasopressin. Considering the possible effects of this medication on the reproductive system, in the present study the effects of this medication during fetal and neonatal development of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis on sexual hormones of peripubertal male rat offspring was determined. In this experimental study fifty female and twenty adult male wistar rats were used. after becoming pregnant, females were divided into five groups of ten including the control group (no treatment), Sham group 1 and experimental group 1 which received intraperitoneal injection of distilled water and 6mcg/Kg/day DA, prenatally, and Sham group 2 and experimental group 2 that received nothing, but their offspring received intraperitoneal injection of distilled water and 6mcg/Kg/day DA, neonatally. At ninth weeks after birth, the concentration of sexual hormones was measured by Electrochemiluminescence. The results were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. The results indicate that the concentration of sexual hormones in prenatally and neonatally treated male rats was not significantly different than the control group. It is suggested that DA doesnandrsquo;t cross the placenta and doesnandrsquo;t interfere with fetal development of HPG axis of male rat offspring. Also, because of the stopped development of leydig cells and its inactivated receptors during neonatal period, the steroidogenesis of leydig cells during pripubertal period wouldnandrsquo;t undergo the effects of DA which was injected at the first week of life.
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