List of Articles Middle Space

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  1 - Middle Space Camp in Residential Complexes in Tehran in order to Increase the Level of Attachment of Residents
  Ameneh Hajiaghabozorg Maryam Charkhchian Vahid Ghobadian
  10.30495/jest.2022.60344.5370
  Background and Objective: The middle space is at the same time a part of the public and private realm, which is defined by these two and defines them. The middle arena in residential complexes has a hierarchy of social relations, privacy and different territories. Nowad More

  Background and Objective: The middle space is at the same time a part of the public and private realm, which is defined by these two and defines them. The middle arena in residential complexes has a hierarchy of social relations, privacy and different territories. Nowadays, due to the destruction of the structure of historic residential architecture, the position of the middle arena has also suffered from deficiencies. The effect of physical and behavioral criteria in the middle spaces of residential complexes in Tehran on the degree of residents' attachment to the complex. Material and Methodology: In the research, first; Data collection has been studied by recording events and fieldwork techniques in three residential complexes in Tehran. Through questionnaire and data analysis, correlation is analyzed through SPSS22 statistical software and significant relationships are inferred between the variables involved in the degree of attachment. Finding: indicate that physical criterion components such as green space coverage, proportions, distribution, hierarchy and performance criteria with various components and behavioral adaptability in the middle spaces of residential complexes, respectively, have the greatest impact on residents' sense of attachment. Discussion and Conclusion: Results of the effect of the physical and functional components of the middle spaces cause those different areas of behavior are formed to meet a wide range of needs of residents, including the desire for social interaction, privacy and a sense of satisfaction as a result Develop their attachment to the residential complex. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Soil pollution assessment to lead, nickel and cadmium and mapping it by geostatistics in the Tehran south farms
  Yousef Reza Bagheri Fatemeh Meskini-Vishkaee Rasoul Mirkhani
  10.30495/jest.2022.18849.2756
  Background and Objective: Increasing world population and need to more production, limited water resources and the indiscriminate use of them specially in arid and semi-arid regions and also the huge amount of sullage produced in cities and the necessity for proper disp More

  Background and Objective: Increasing world population and need to more production, limited water resources and the indiscriminate use of them specially in arid and semi-arid regions and also the huge amount of sullage produced in cities and the necessity for proper disposal of them, increased the urgency (necessity) of using wastes in order to farming & feeding the under- ground aquifers. Cadmium, lead and nickel are such pollutants which can enter to water, soil and plant and finally to human and animals’ food chain from different resources.Material and Methodology: This Study was performed to evaluate the amount of soil contamination in the south Tehran farms and mapping the studied area using geostatistical methods. From the 2000 hectares of the agricultural farms around Firooz Abad stream in Tehran south in 2014, 175 soil samples were selected with 300 meters intervals. Two methods of mapping including kriging and Inverse distance weighting (IDW) were used.Finding: Based on mean concentration, the metals in studied area were in following decreasing order: nickel> lead> cadmium. According to the standards proposed by the environmental protection Agency of Iran, 13 and 9 % of soil samples are contaminated to total lead and nickel, respectively.Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the importance of point spatial variation of soil pollutants, the IDW method was identified as the suitable method for mapping the concentration of total lead and nickel. The total lead and nickel concentration in about 161 and 14 hectares of the agricultural lands, respectively, were more than allowed limits. Manuscript profile