List of Articles Miankale

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  1 - The Role of Landscape Ecology Spatial Structure Analysis in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (Case Study: Miankaleh International Wetland)
  Soolmaz Dashti Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Kaveh Jafarzadeh Mojgan Bazmara Baleshti
  10.22034/jest.2018.22301.3135
  Background and Objective: The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable devel More

  Background and Objective: The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of spatial composition and distribution of Miankaleh International Wetland and also to evaluate the efficiency of land features measurements to assess environmental effects. Method: For this purpose, first Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images of ETM + and OLI sensors related to 2001 and 2016 were prepared. Then, by performing the necessary processing and preprocessing, the land use map was prepared and the raster maps were entered into FRAGSTATS 4.2 software was performed. Findings: According to the results, it can be said that the water zone of the wetland (which is the most important part of the wetland) and consequently the wetlands of the wetland have a large area and has not become fine and stained, but during the study period Deleted part of its domain. The use of vegetation and man-made lands has also disrupted the natural environment by creating new spots and fragmentation. Agricultural use has not been in the form of spots and the increase in its area has been in the form of large spots. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the stated results, proper management in the wetland environment is not implemented. Because the current management of Miankaleh wetland is a hardware and old management, also due to the location of this wetland in two provinces, it does not have an integrated management and the management plan is scattered and multiple. As a result, by creating an integrated and coherent management plan, the problems of this wetland can be overcome to some extent. The present study well showed that land use measurements are a suitable tool for assessing environmental impacts in the shortest time. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Map of radionuclide distribution and assessment of absorbed dose and nuclear contamination on the Miankala Peninsula in the north of Iran
  Reza Pourimani Seyed Mohsen Mortazavi Shahroudi Roshanak Ghorbani
  10.30495/jest.2023.69296.5743
  Background and objective: The study, to assess the level of environmental radiation and to obtain the impact of the development of industry, including petrochemicals, on the formation of nuclear pollution, the specific activity of radionuclides, and the amount of absorb More

  Background and objective: The study, to assess the level of environmental radiation and to obtain the impact of the development of industry, including petrochemicals, on the formation of nuclear pollution, the specific activity of radionuclides, and the amount of absorbed dose were measured in the Miankaleh peninsula in the north of Iran, south-east of the Caspian Sea. Material and Methodology: 43 samples were collected from the north and south coasts of the Miankala peninsula, including 13 bottles of water and 30 bags of sediments, and the specific activities of radionuclides in the samples were determined using a high-purity germanium detector. The distribution map of radioactive elements was made using GIS software. Findings: The average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in sediment samples were 18.17±1.62, 16.21±1.36, 266.28±9.45, and 2.61±0.27 Bqkg-1, respectively, and the average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in water samples was 0.78±0.12, 5.39±0.75 and 17.89±1.79 Bqkg-1, respectively. The average absorbed dose rate in air was calculated as 28.73±1.91 nGyh-1. Discussion and Conclusion: The specific activity of natural radionuclides was calculated to be lower than the global average. The amount of dose absorbed in this area is within the permissible limit. The average radioactive concentration in the water samples of the southern shores of the Miankala peninsula is higher than its northern shores, which are adjacent to the Caspian Sea. However, the concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the northern coastal sediments is higher than that of the southern coasts. The concentration of 137Cs is higher on the southern coast of the Miankala peninsula, which located in a dry area, due to the lack of water flow. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Gorgan Bay plankton flourishing status in the field of Miankale death in February 2020
  taher poursufi
  AbstractCase sampling was performed in the winter of 2020 in the eastern region of Gorgan Bay in three coastal and central regions to investigate the causes of bird death. For this purpose, algal (macro and micro), zooplankton and water communities were sampled. The res More

  AbstractCase sampling was performed in the winter of 2020 in the eastern region of Gorgan Bay in three coastal and central regions to investigate the causes of bird death. For this purpose, algal (macro and micro), zooplankton and water communities were sampled. The results showed that a total of 44 species of phytoplankton were identified. 4 species equal to 12.5% and Euglenophyta branch with the lowest number with 2 species equal to 7.7% of the total species. The highest mortality was observed in Changar species and a few flamingos were observed. No algal blooms were observed during sampling. The density of cyanophytes was the lowest. Therefore, the cause of death of birds cannot be density or planktonic secretions. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Effects of Rapid Caspian Sea-Level Fluctuations on the Miankaleh Barrier Coasts
  mohammad reza sarvati reza mansori manizheh ghohrodi tali
  The goal of this study was to study the geomorphologic response- type models of the coastline of Miankaleh Barrier to the rapid fluctuations of the Caspian Sea. In this regard, Landsat satellite imageries (the sensor: 4, 5, 7 and 8 series), historical maps, topography m More

  The goal of this study was to study the geomorphologic response- type models of the coastline of Miankaleh Barrier to the rapid fluctuations of the Caspian Sea. In this regard, Landsat satellite imageries (the sensor: 4, 5, 7 and 8 series), historical maps, topography maps and multiple field works have been used. Based on quantitative documentation of historical changes in shoreline position in response to natural and human variables, eight geomorphic response-types were identified for classifying barrier coasts: (1) lateral movement, (2) advance, (3) dynamic equilibrium, (4) retreat, (5) in-place narrowing, (6) landward rollover, (7) breakup, and (8) rotational instability. Long-term (decades to centuries) monitoring of shoreline position over a spatial scale of 10 to 100 km provides a scientific basis for documenting process-response relationships that shape regional coastal morphodynamics. The results show that there are the six morphological-type models in the Miankaleh barrier region based on the eight geomorphologic-type models of McBride et al, 1995; such as lateral movement, advance, retreat, in-place narrowing, breakup and rotational instability. The results indicate that the advance and retreat morphological-type models are formed in the region during the rise and fall sea levels, respectively. In-place narrowing and breakup morphological-type models appear simultaneously with the rise in sea level, and the rotational instability model also appears when the sea level is reduced in the region. The lateral movement type model has also been developed during the sea level rise and fall periods. Also, the results show that the sea level during the period of 1214-1396 has experienced six Progradation-Retrogradation stages. The assessment of the satellite imageries and statistical data on sea level fluctuations indicate that the sea level has fallen back to 1374 and has dropped by about 1.5 meters. The rate of recession and the reduction of the level of surface between 1374 until 1396 were estimated at 6.8 cm per year. Despite the fact that on a large scale, the increase in the relative sea level water along the shore of the Miankaleh barrier is one of the most important factors controlling the occurrence of various geomorphic reactions; however, the sediment supply also has a significant impact on reactions shoreline. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Ecotourism and potential of Bird Watching Tourism Case Study: Miankale Wetland
  Laila Vossoughi
  Tourism is an increasingly growing activitiy in the world, however is one of the important treatment about environment (both cultural & natural). Ecotourism as a new approach in nature based tourism, has essential importance in tourism development programs in many c More

  Tourism is an increasingly growing activitiy in the world, however is one of the important treatment about environment (both cultural & natural). Ecotourism as a new approach in nature based tourism, has essential importance in tourism development programs in many countries around the world. Wildlife watching tourism is an important part of ecoutourism. In relation, bird watching tourism as a considerable type of wildlife watching tourism has been transformed to a ecotourism growing markets. However Iran is a rich country in biodiversity and habitat diversity (about 530 type)but its proportion in birdwatching is very low in comparison with other countries. The present study aimed to introduce importance of bird watching tourism development as a method for maintaining the birds area, is determining the effective factors on attracting bird watchers in miankale wetland as one of the best important wetland in the country. In order to assessing effective factors marketing mix components (product, price, people, distribution, promotoion, planning, physical evidence) are used. The findings presented in this study are based on distributing questionnaires among 210 birdwatchers and interviews with 7 individuals in bird watching. t-test hypothesis and friedman test were used for data analysis. The results show that all marketing mix factors effect on attracting birdwatchers. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Analyzing the Role of Remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welfare of Their Families (Case Study: Miankale District, Behshahr County)
  Zahra Sharifinia
  In immigration literature due to immigration more attention has been paid to its positive effects on the welfare and economy of the origin and destination of the households. This paper examines the role of remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welf More

  In immigration literature due to immigration more attention has been paid to its positive effects on the welfare and economy of the origin and destination of the households. This paper examines the role of remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welfare of Their Families of Miankaleh as one of the positive effects of immigration on the development of the community of origin. The research methodology is based on the purpose of the applied research and is based on descriptive method. he data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of the population of the villages of Miankaleh. Using the Cochrane formula 378 immigrant households were selected as samples. To analyze the data descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. Findings show that the satisfaction of immigrant households varies from income status before and after immigration, Also he impact of migrants' transfer money on increasing the willingness of the rural community improving the level of Economic Situation and the Welfare of their families is moderate to high Manuscript profile
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  7 - Assessment of physical sensitivity of coastal fringe of Miankale Wetland based on Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)
  R. Nezakati B. Behrouzirad S. Malmasi F. Esmaili
  Miankale coastal area is located in southeastern part of Caspian Sea. The area, which contains GorganGulf and Miankale Wetland, is recorded as an international wetland in Ramsar Convention. It has high potential for tourism activities. Moreover, the increasing trend of More

  Miankale coastal area is located in southeastern part of Caspian Sea. The area, which contains GorganGulf and Miankale Wetland, is recorded as an international wetland in Ramsar Convention. It has high potential for tourism activities. Moreover, the increasing trend of economic development, especially oil activities in adjacent countries reveals the necessity of management and conservation of these coasts. The aim of this study is management of the coastal area by applying NOAA models and Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI). Physical sensitivity division of coasts has been done based on field surveys and using satellite images and Geographical Information System (GIS). The assessment of physical factors including wave energy, slope and bed substance in the region under study showed that the western parts of Miankale coasts are categorized in the forth class of NOAA classification and the central part of these coasts is regarded in 9B class. Gomishan, Khajeh Nafas, Chalasht and Gorgan Gulf2 are classified as 10D according to NOAA classification. The results of this study indicated that not only physical diversity, including geomorphologic characteristics and the bed substrate of these coasts, is low but also there are sensitive biological resources in the region. For these reasons, if oil pollution occurs, pollutants may remain in coastal areas for a long time. Therefore, more attention should be paid to manage the coastal areas in this region.  Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Faunestic Study of Reptiles in Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge in Mazandaran Province
  شکورا السادات نبوی حاجی قلی کمی ویدا حجتی
  Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge with 68800 hectares area is located in 12km north of Behshahr city, Mazandaran Province in east southern parts of Caspian Sea with altitude 15-28 m below sea level. The present study has been performed in the spring and summer of 2012 in order More

  Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge with 68800 hectares area is located in 12km north of Behshahr city, Mazandaran Province in east southern parts of Caspian Sea with altitude 15-28 m below sea level. The present study has been performed in the spring and summer of 2012 in order to faunestic study of reptiles in Miankaleh Wildlife Refuge. Specimens were collected manually, and then specimens and their habitats was photographed using digital camera. Specimens released after identification and recording morphometeric and meristic characters. In this study 11 species belonging to 8 families were identified including: Mauremys caspica, Emys orbicularis, Testudo horsfieldii, Pseudopus apodus, Cyrtopodion caspium, Lacerta strigata, Trapelus agilis,Elaphe dione,Natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata, Platyceps najadum. All of the specimens except Testudo horsfieldii, have been reported previously from Mazandaran province. Among the specimens, just Testudo horsfieldii is known as a vulnerable specimen in Red List Categories of International Union for Conservation of Nature. Manuscript profile