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        1 - The Manifestation of Nature in Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani’s Poems (M. Sereshk)
        Mohammad Taghi Younesi Rostami Hourya Hadypour Ali khooshechin
        Interest in nature and using natural elements in poems do not limit to special periods of life and humans in (modern and classical) areas of poetry. Using imagination and rhetorical and literary devices, poets attempt to address their desired concepts through nature, Th More
        Interest in nature and using natural elements in poems do not limit to special periods of life and humans in (modern and classical) areas of poetry. Using imagination and rhetorical and literary devices, poets attempt to address their desired concepts through nature, The naturalism of poets is divides into three categories: imitative, descriptive, and interpretative and synthetic. The naturalism approach is in classical poetry significantly different modern from poetry. In Nima Yooshij’s poems, the manifestation of nature was accompanied with different characteristics, including breaking with tradition, new language, special worldview, staying away from the unified order of poets, and presence of native and local elements. One of the poets who addressed the nature and natural elements through symbolism using Nima Yooshij’s view and modern language in the contemporary area is Shafiei Kadkani (M. Sereshk). In analyzing poems, as we move from early books of the poet toward his newer ones, we face more enriched language and conceptual developments. Studies showed that the poet used 18 natural elements more than others. He used terms and compounds, including rain, flower, spring, garden, cloud and wind with the highest frequency for expressing his individual, social, political, cultural and human thoughts relating to his environment and period. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The role of nature in pre-romanticism authors’ work
        Mehdi Heydari
        Nature and its manifestations in pre-romanticism works are distinguishable from those of earlier works. Nature no longer was a simple decoration for the pre-romanticism authors, on the contrary, it had its effects on human. Jean Jacques Rousseau, Chateaubriand, Bernardi More
        Nature and its manifestations in pre-romanticism works are distinguishable from those of earlier works. Nature no longer was a simple decoration for the pre-romanticism authors, on the contrary, it had its effects on human. Jean Jacques Rousseau, Chateaubriand, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre gave nature a special place in their works since they believed that man’s true feelings are perfectly reflected in nature and it is a sanctuary. Pre-romanticism authors tried to find God’s presence in different aspects of nature. Surveys of the works of these authors indicate the effect of symbols of nature on their mood. They, in their unique ways, tried to find a way to escape from the routine life and to reach a minimum level of peace, and nature was what they found. They found nature as a sign of God’s almightiness, senescence and death. Manuscript profile