List of Articles Maku

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  1 - The study of infection rate to Bovine Herpes Virus – 1(BHV-1) in milk samples of dairy cattle in Urmia and Maku by ELISA method
  احمد Gharekhani احمد Morshedi
  A cross sectional study was performed to find out and compare the infection rate to BHV-1 of dairy cattles in Urmia and Maku. Random sampling in three age groups of (3-4, 5-6 and 7 years and more) was done. In every region 22 cattle herds were selected, from each cattle More

  A cross sectional study was performed to find out and compare the infection rate to BHV-1 of dairy cattles in Urmia and Maku. Random sampling in three age groups of (3-4, 5-6 and 7 years and more) was done. In every region 22 cattle herds were selected, from each cattle herd 10 cows were picked out and a sample of milk was collected from each cow. Individual milk samples were investigated by indirect ELISA method in order to determine the presence of BHV-1 antibodies in the sample. By determining the OD of the samples and the percentage of positive and negative ELISA, the results were compared. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (Ver.16) and S-plus 2000 software with Mann-Whitney, Chi- square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to find out the difference between the average infection in the two regions and the difference between the total average of infection rate between the age groups (p<0.05). The results showed that the rate of infection in Maku was 34/08% (with 75 positive milk samples) and in Urmia it was 13/04% (with 29 positive milk samples). It shows that the rate of infection in Maku is much higher to the extent that a significant difference in the infection rate between the two regions is observed. Also upon the study of the total average of infection rate between the age groups of the two regions the rate of infection cases in the first group (32%) was meaningfully higher than the other two age groups amounting to 14% and 6% respectivety.                                               Manuscript profile
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  2 - Survey on infestation to external parasites and their roles in of in transmission of protozoan disease in goat in Maku Region
  احمد Gharekhani موسی Tavassoli
  The present study aims to determine the rate of infestation to external parasites, determine the fauna (genus and species) and also investigation their role in transmission of protozoan infections in goat in maku region. This survey was conducted from March 2010 (Farvar More

  The present study aims to determine the rate of infestation to external parasites, determine the fauna (genus and species) and also investigation their role in transmission of protozoan infections in goat in maku region. This survey was conducted from March 2010 (Farvardin 1389) to April 2011 (Esfand 1389). The data was analyzed by SPSS software (Ver. 16) .The results revealed that 137 goats (33.5%) were infested by hard ticks. There weren`t any infestation by other external parasites (mite, lice, flea, myias). The whole detected ticks were 435 and each goat had an average of 1.08 ticks. The identified hard ticks on goats in respect to their prevalence were Rhipicephalus bursa (68.50%),Hyaloma anatolicum.anatolicum (16.32%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (9.46%), Haemaphysalis punctata(3.21%) and Dermacentor marginatus( 2.52%). Distribution of ticks over different parts of the body surface was as follows: groin and breasts (50.80%), head and neck (25.05%), subscapula (13.10%) and genital organs and under tail (11.03%). Out of 137 positive samples 103 goats (25.75%) were infected with Babesia, out of which 87 goats (84.46%), 12 goats (11.65%) and 5 goats (3.89%) infected with B. ovis, B. mutasi and mixed infection with B. ovis and B. mutasi, respectively. There wasn`t any infection with Theileria and Anaplasma. The results indicated that infections with Rhipicephalus bursa was the highest in goats in Maku region, and among protozoan infections, B. ovis infection was the highest one , that is the frequency of Rhipicephalus bursa in comparison to other kinds of detected ticks among positive samples of Babesia was high and is meaningful (p<0.05).                                                                      Manuscript profile
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  3 - Zoning Prone Areas of Slope Movements (Case Study: Maku Township)
  Amir Karam Marziye Agha Alikhani Ayla Gholizade Hasan Ahmadzade
  Unstable natural slopes by mass movements are one of the phenomena that creates most damages to human after flood and earthquake. These movements occur under the influence of parameters such as temperature difference, precipitation, glacial, height, slope, geology, land More

  Unstable natural slopes by mass movements are one of the phenomena that creates most damages to human after flood and earthquake. These movements occur under the influence of parameters such as temperature difference, precipitation, glacial, height, slope, geology, land form, distance from fault, distance from river, distance from roads and ... Therefore in addition to identify levels having the risk of slope movements this study aims to analyze the most suitable model to recognize these zones by field data and using above information and modeling methods such as AHP and TOPSIS. The results indicated that AHP model presented the most suitable zoning of slope movements. Based on the map resulted from this model  the areas with high potential slope movements had slope between 10 and 20 percent and height about 1600 to 1900 meters and they were composed of limestone and included 28% of the study area. Manuscript profile
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  4 - تأثیر روش شیردوشی با اکسی ‌توسین بر عملکرد شیردهی و طول دوره شیردهی گوسفند
  M. Nezamidoust S. Razzaghzadeh E. Ezati R. Ghorbani
  برآورد میزان بازده شیر با استفاده از یک روش دقیق جهت سنجش نیازهای تغذیه‌ای، ارزیابی پتانسیل ژنتیکی، رشد و زنده مانی بره، تصمیم‌گیری‌های مدیریتی و بهبود صفات عملکردی گله گوسفند ضروری است. تزریق اکسی توسین جهت تخمین میزان ترشح شیر در گوسفند استفاده می‌شود. اکسی توسن یک هو More

  برآورد میزان بازده شیر با استفاده از یک روش دقیق جهت سنجش نیازهای تغذیه‌ای، ارزیابی پتانسیل ژنتیکی، رشد و زنده مانی بره، تصمیم‌گیری‌های مدیریتی و بهبود صفات عملکردی گله گوسفند ضروری است. تزریق اکسی توسین جهت تخمین میزان ترشح شیر در گوسفند استفاده می‌شود. اکسی توسن یک هورمون عصبی که در سیستم هیپوتالاموس-هیپوفیز پسین تولید شده و در پاسخ به تحریک نوک پستان به داخل خون آزاد می‌شود. اکسی توسین دارای اثر گالاکتوپوئتیک و با تأثیر بر فرایند خروج شیر از طریق فعالیت ترشحی و انقباض سلول‌های مایواپتلیال نقش مهمی در شیردهی بازی می‌کند. جهت بررسی اثر تزریق اکسی‌ توسین بر بازده شیرده، ترکیبات شیر و طول دوره شیردهی میش‌ها در کل طول دوره شیردهی، یکصد رأس گوسفند نژاد ماکوئی با زایش و پرورش یک بره به دو تیمار، گروه 1 (شیردوشی و تخلیه کامل پستان با دست بعد از تزریق عضلانی 5/2 واحد بین المللی اکسی توسین) گروه 2 (شیردوشی و تخلیه کامل پستان با دست) اختصاص یافتند. داده‌ها از روز چهاردم بعد از زایش با فاصله دو هفته‌ای در میان رکورد برداری شدند. گرو دریافت کننده اکسی توسین به طور معنی‌داری میانگین شیر تولیدی روزانه (3/562 درمقابل 4/301 گرم) و مقدار کل شیر (6/93 درمقابل 5/38 کیلوگرم) بیشتری در مقایسه با گروه شاهد تولید کردند (05/0>P). طول دوره شیردهی به ترتیب 7/145 روز برای گروه اکسی توسین و 2/115 روز برای گروه شاهد بود (038/0=P). تزریق اکسی توسین بازده پیک شیر و تداوم شیردهی میش‌ها را افزایش داد (05/0>P). در حالیکه زمان پیک کوتاه‌تر (1/34 درمقابل 2/39) برای گروه اکسی توسین مشاهده شد (043/0=P). استفاده از اکسی توسین درصد چربی شیر (73/6 درمقابل 86/5) را در مقایسه با میش‌های گروه شاهد افزایش داد (029/0=P). اما با تزریق اکسی توسین هیچ تفاوتی در درصد پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر مشاهده نشد (05/0>P). روند صعودی ممانعت ازخروج شیر سرتاسر دوره شیردهی به دنبال دوره منحصراً شیرخواری و سپس شیر‌دوشی با دست، نیاز به اکسی توسین را جهت نگهداری سلول‌های پستان و تداوم شیردهی در میش‌ها مستلزم می‌نماید و تأیید می‌کند که اکسی توسین با غلبه بر مکانیسم‌های پس خور منفی حاصل از شیر در اطراف آلوئل و با افزایش انتقال وزیکول‌های ترشحی داخل سلولی و انقباض سلول‌های مایواپتلیال، مقدار تولید شیر و طول دوره شیردهی میش‌ها را افزایش می‌دهد که یک تکنیک مفید جهت تضمین خروج شیر آلوئلی و تخلیه نرمال شیر از محفظه سیسترن می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
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  5 - تجزیه و تحلیل مولکولی و بیوانفورماتیک تنوع آللی پروموتر ژن IGFBP2 در گوسفندان بومی نژادهای ماکویی و لری بختیاری
  ع. ولی‌پور کوتنایی ا. فرهادی س.ح. حافظیان م. قلی‌زاده
  هدف از پژوهش حاضر تجزیه و تحلیل مولکولی و بیوانفورماتیک تنوع آللی پروموتر ژن IGFBP2 در ارتباط با برخی صفات مهم اقتصادی در گوسفندان بومی نژادهای ماکویی و لری بختیاری بوده است. نمونه­های DNA از خون 120 رأس گوسفند ماکویی و 200 رأس گوسفند لری بختیاری استخراج و یک توالی More

  هدف از پژوهش حاضر تجزیه و تحلیل مولکولی و بیوانفورماتیک تنوع آللی پروموتر ژن IGFBP2 در ارتباط با برخی صفات مهم اقتصادی در گوسفندان بومی نژادهای ماکویی و لری بختیاری بوده است. نمونه­های DNA از خون 120 رأس گوسفند ماکویی و 200 رأس گوسفند لری بختیاری استخراج و یک توالی 297 جفت بازی مربوط به ناحیه بالادست ژن مورد مطالعه تکثیر و با تکنیک SSCP تعیین ژنوتیپ شد. دو ژنوتیپ AB و BB در نژادهای ماکویی و لری بختیاری مشاهده شدند. سپس از هر ژنوتیپ یک نمونه برای تعیین توالی ارسال شد. پس از دریافت نتایج توالی­یابی، بررسی همولوژی توالی­ها با برنامه BLAST روی سایت NCBI انجام شد. هم­ترازی توالی­های بدست آمده و مقایسه آنها با توالی رفرنس از بانک ژنیبا ابزار با CLUSTALW نرم­افزار Bio Edit صورت گرفت. علاوه بر این، شناسایی موتیف­های DNA با استفاده از نرم­افزار DNASIS MAX انجام شد. بررسی­های بیوانفورماتیک تفاوت­هایی را بین توالی ژنوتیپ­های مختلف IGFBP2 نشان داد. 10 موتیف در توالی پروموتر ژن IGFBP2 مشاهده شد، به ­طوری که بیشترین فراوانی مربوط به موتیف CAP­_site بود. بررسی ارتباط آماری با پروسه GLM نرم­افزار آماری SAS وجود ارتباط معنی­دار آماری (05/0P<) بین پروموتر ژن IGFBP2 و صفت دور ران (TR) در گوسفند ماکویی را نشان داد. انجام پژوهش‌های بیشتر در سایر نژادهای بومی و بررسی سایر نواحی ژنی همراه با نواحی تنظیمی این جایگاه‌ پیشنهاد می­شود. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The role of public libraries of the free zone Maku in the development of the culture of the region
  saeed ghaffari Solmaz Alizadeh
  objective: The promotion and development of culture is one of the tasks of public libraries. in this study, the effect of the general influence of the Maku free zone on the cultural development of the region has been studied. Methodology: the present study is an applied More

  objective: The promotion and development of culture is one of the tasks of public libraries. in this study, the effect of the general influence of the Maku free zone on the cultural development of the region has been studied. Methodology: the present study is an applied study which has been done in a descriptive - survey method.to collect data in this research and with the aim of responding to research questions, The respondents were all members of the public library of the Maku free zone which were active member of the library and at least 15 years old when it was carried out.  The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan sampling table count is 357. The number of 271 questionnaires were returned, only 240 (22/67 %) them were completely filled. Results: However, variables such as age, level of education and job groups may differ in their view regarding the role of public libraries in cultural development, but there was no significant difference regarding these variables. Conclusion: The users of the public library report the increasing rate of study and improving the level of knowledge from the most important roles in the library, while the role of libraries is in the development of cultural and artistic education is low. All users of the public library in the Maku free zone agree on components of cultural development and offered similar views. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Investigation of Fertility Rate and Plasma Level of Ovarian Hormones in Makuii Breed Ewes Treated by CIDR and PMSG
  Ghader Najafi Jafar Pish Jang Aghajeri
  10.22034/ascij.2022.1943328.1326
  The objective of this study is to investigate fertility rate and determine plasma levels of ovarian hormones in the Makuii breed ewe treated by CIDR and PMSG. This investigation conducted in 80 fat-tailed Makuii breed ewes during the breeding season. All animals were di More

  The objective of this study is to investigate fertility rate and determine plasma levels of ovarian hormones in the Makuii breed ewe treated by CIDR and PMSG. This investigation conducted in 80 fat-tailed Makuii breed ewes during the breeding season. All animals were divided randomly into four groups then a single intramuscular (IM) injection of PMSG (group 1, 300 IU; group 2, 400 IU; group 3, 500 IU, group 4) was made apart from 1 ml normal saline solution which was used as control group at the time of CIDR removal. Blood samples collected from the jugular vein at the days of CIDR insert removal, Estrus after PMSG treatment and the day 30 of pregnancy for the determination of plasma E2 and P4 concentrations. Estrus responses were similar in all groups. Pregnancy rates were 85%, 90%, 95% and 64.7% in groups 1, 2, 3 and the control group, respectively. Pregnancy rates were higher in groups 1, 2 and 3 than in control group (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the treatment groups and the control group regarding the plasma E2 levels at days of CIDR insert and estrus. Differences between the treated and the control animals in the Plasma P4 levels at day estrus and the day 30 of pregnancy were significant (P<0.05). The result of current research showed that an injection of PMSG after CIDR removal can be more effective on the fertility response of Makuii breed ewes during breeding season. Manuscript profile