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Open Access Article
1 - Determining the Amount of Water Use and Evapotranspiration of Bean Using Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes Methods under the Conditions of Drip and Furrow Irrigation
Ali Abdzad Gohari Fatemeh Keykhaei Niazali EbrahimipakBackground and Aim: Due to the limitation of water resources, proper use of water is necessary, and the use of appropriate irrigation methods in fields is an appropriate strategies to use water. Water stress can affect crop yield in the field. Therefore, the correct met MoreBackground and Aim: Due to the limitation of water resources, proper use of water is necessary, and the use of appropriate irrigation methods in fields is an appropriate strategies to use water. Water stress can affect crop yield in the field. Therefore, the correct method of irrigation and management of water consumption is one of the basic issues in farms. The deficit irrigation strategy with the water requirement supply approach can be considered as a practical and efficient technique to ensure more crop yield, without compromising the physiological processes and yield. Therefore, the scope of this research is to estimate the amount of water consumed and the amount of evapotranspiration of the bean plant with the aim of evaluating the field conditions and comparing it with Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods. Method: The present study aims to determine the amount of water use and evapotranspiration of bean using Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods and based on the inverse solution of the yield production function in Markazi Province and at the Khomin Bean National Research Station at an altitude of 1930 meters above sea level with a length of 49 degrees and 57 minutes of latitude and 33 degrees and 39 minutes of latitude were implemented in 2016 and 2017. In this experiment, the irrigation treatment including furrow and drip-tape as the main factor and, the values of water requirement including 100, 75 and 55% of water requirement as a sub-factor and in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks design were done in three replications. Cultivated variety was of native type and its planting time was on the 10th and 9th of June respectively in the first and second year. Drip irrigation tapes were placed on the stacks and irrigation was carried out in the same way until the seedling was fully established in the stage of emergence of the third three leaves. Results: The highest seed yield with an average of 2683 kg/ha was obtained in the furrow irrigation method and by providing 100% of the water requirement. In evaluating evapotranspiration, the root mean square error (RMSE) in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods were 0.160, 117.8 and 0.185 mm respectively and the root mean square normal error (RMSEn) were 0.448, 0.330 and 0.518 percent respectively. The index of agreement or compatibility (d) in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods were 0.295, 0.600 and 0.081% respectively. In the investigation of irrigation water amounts, the root mean square error (RMSE) in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods was 156.7, 117.5, and 181.3 mm, respectively, and the root mean square normal error (RMSEn) was 0.446, 0.335 and 0.516 percent respectively. The index of agreement or compatibility (d) in Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods were 0.324, 0.602 and 0.118% respectively. Conclusion: In general and according to the statistical results, Tafteh, Pasquale and Raes methods had an acceptable estimate of the amount of irrigation water and the amount of evapotranspiration in the furrow and drip conditions under different amounts of water requirement. Therefore, they can be used as appropriate tool in the estimation of water use in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A review of some studies on the effects of various irrigation methods on some oilseeds
Mostafa Mobasher Najme YazdanpanahAbout 70% of the world's population's food comes directly from crops, of which the important role of oilseeds can not be denied. Oil consumption in Iran has increased in recent years due to population growth and per capita consumption, so that considering the per capita MoreAbout 70% of the world's population's food comes directly from crops, of which the important role of oilseeds can not be denied. Oil consumption in Iran has increased in recent years due to population growth and per capita consumption, so that considering the per capita consumption of 14 kg, about 750,000 tons of oil is needed annually. However, less than 10% of this oil is produced domestically. Due to this issue, oil production through rapeseed cultivation has been considered in recent years. Drought is a threat to the successful production of crops worldwide. Drought occurs when a combination of physical and environmental factors causes internal stress in a plant and reduces production. Water stress has a negative effect on many plant processes, including photosynthesis, evaporation, accumulation and allocation of precursors, and causes a significant reduction in crop production. Therefore, one of the ways to maximize water use efficiency and increase yield per unit of water consumption is low irrigation, in which the crop is subjected to water stress at a certain stage of development or throughout the development season. On the other hand, the positive effects of potassium in increasing the resistance of plants to dehydration stress have been reported by researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Determinination of the Environmental Effects of Bean Production by Life Cycle Assessment Method in Yasuj (by Comparing Sprinkler Irrigation Method Versus Flooding)
Madineh Vahabipoor GolamReza Sabzghabaei Solmaz DashtiIndustrialization of todays societies, resulted in increased use of machinery and excessive use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides in agriculture. Life cycle assessment is one of the environmental assessment methods that is used to assess processes, products and ser MoreIndustrialization of todays societies, resulted in increased use of machinery and excessive use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides in agriculture. Life cycle assessment is one of the environmental assessment methods that is used to assess processes, products and services. Life cycle assessment method in this study is used to evaluate the environmental effects of bean production with sprinkler and flood irrigation methods in the crop year of 2016-2017 using the effects of global warming, acidification, land euotrophication, depletion of fossil, phosphate and water resources exploited in Yasuj city. The results showed that the final index of the three groups of environmental impact factors (global warming, acidification and land euotrophication) in rainfed more than flood farming and the indices of the three groups of resource depletion effects (fossil, phosphate and water depletions in both croppimg system. The environmental indices for sprinkler, flooding and flood irrigations were 0.634, 0.513, 1.14 and 2.26 respectively. Elimination of unnecessary operations in the planting process and reduction of fuel consumption, irrigation in the last hours and the beginning of the day when evaporation is low, the use of biological methods to remove pests and attention to general recommendations for chemical fertilizers can be effective in reducing environmental effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of spraying zinc sulfate solution on yield and enrichment of sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) varieties under different patterns of periodic irrigation
Babak Peykarestan Taiebeh BasakiThis experiment was carried out in order to evaluate interaction effect of irrigation and zinc foliar application on physiological enrichment indices of two hybrids of sweet corn as the split plot factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three repl MoreThis experiment was carried out in order to evaluate interaction effect of irrigation and zinc foliar application on physiological enrichment indices of two hybrids of sweet corn as the split plot factorial in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Arak in 2014 and 2015. All furrow irrigation (control, I1) and every other furrow irrigation (I2), and alternative every other furrow irrigation (I3) as the main plot and solution spraying levels including Zn 1 (No injection Zn), Zn 2 (Drop Zn) and Zn 3 (Fast Zn) were the subplots. Also, sweet corn (Zea mays var saccharata) varieties (sweet and ultra-sweet) were considered as the subplots. Parameters under investigation included plant height, seed yield, one thousand seed weight, harvest index, seed Zn content and leaf proline content. Interaction effects of the treatments increased plant height by 33%, grain yield by 27%, one thousand seed weight by 21%, and harvest index by 13%. The highest amount of cannable grain yield was observed in periodic irrigation, zinc fast in Challenger hybrid while the lowest amount was recorded in every other furrow irrigation treatment without zinc and Chase Hybrid. The highest level of grain zinc content was observed in the alternative irrigation zinc fast treatment in the Challenger hybrid while the lowest level was recorded in every other furrow irrigation without zinc in Chase hybrid which showed significant difference at p≤0.01. The highest interaction of effects was observed in the alternative irrigation treatment, zinc fast, and Challenger cultivar with average harvest index and lowest was observed in every other furrow irrigation, drop Zinc, and Challenger cultivar. According to the results of this study, in low irrigation conditions, application of alternative irrigation pattern and Zinc-fast foliar application in Challenger cultivar is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of L-phenylalanine foliar application on the growth, morphophysiological and phytochemical characteristics of red or chili pepper (Capsicum anuum) under different irrigation treatments
Samira Asghari Lalemi Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fariborz Moattar Faezeh RajabzadehThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-phenylalanine foliar application on morpho-physiological and phytochemical properties of red pepper under different irrigation treatments (type and amount) in the filed experimental at Goldaru Herbal Pharmaceutical C MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-phenylalanine foliar application on morpho-physiological and phytochemical properties of red pepper under different irrigation treatments (type and amount) in the filed experimental at Goldaru Herbal Pharmaceutical Company, Isfahan as a split-split plot experimental in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) in 2018. Experimental factors included: moisture conditions (optimum and reduced irrigation), irrigation methods (drip and flood irrigation) and different levels of the foliar application (negative control; positive control or water as solvent; L-phenylalanine at 2000 and 4000 ppm). The results indicated that the highest the plant height was related to the application of 2000 ppm phenylalanine optimum irrigation (69.3 cm), the highest values of the fresh and dry fruit weights were related to 2000 ppm L-phenylalanine × reduced irrigation × drip irrigation (6.60 g/m2) and L-phenylalanine (at 2000 ppm) × optimum and reduced irrigation × drip irrigation (2.18 g/m2), respectively. Results of the biochemical traits showed that the highest degree of intensity was under L-phenylalanine (at 2000 ppm) × reduced irrigation × flood irrigation (449 g/m2). In addition, the maximum values of vitamin C and total phenol were related to the water foliar application × optimum and reduced irrigation conditions (0.82 and 0.72 mg/g dry weight) and the water foliar application × reduced irrigation × drip irrigation (2.15 mg GAE/ g dry weight), respectively. In general, the results of this study showed the negative effect of drought stress or reduced irrigation on the growth traits of red pepper, however, reduced irrigation enhanced the degree of intensity, vitamin C and total phenol. In conclusion, the foliar application of L-phenylalanine (at 2000 ppm) could improve the quality and reduced the negative effects reduced irrigation on the growth and yield of red pepper under arid and semiarid climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigate and Compare the Performance of Channel and Low Pressure Polyethylene Pipes for Hydraulic (Case Study: Plain of Shush)
Mahmoud Malekpour Behrooz DahanzadehIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construct MoreIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells and the abundance of underground water reserves, the surface of these waters has fallen sharply, with increasing population, it is necessary to use modern methods of irrigation for optimal use of aquifers and cemeteries.For this reason, in this study, a case study was carried out in Araez Plain, located in the city of Susa, and compared the implementation of canal and one of the newest methods of irrigation, polyethylene low pressure pipe, using hydraulic, using the basics of design, maps, documents Contract, books, articles, pamphlets, calculations, hydraulic modeling, observations and field visits from the stages of material supply, implementation, duration of implementation.The results showed that due to lower water losses and optimal water use, the speed of operation and ease of implementation, the delivery of water to operators in shorter time, less land plots, and the optimal use of hydraulic hydraulics, polyethylene low pressure pipe Canal is preferable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The effect of soil texture and irrigation method on improving yield and yield components of two Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars
Mansoureh Shamili hamed Hassanzadeh KhankahdaniIn order to determine optimum culture condition to produce high quality storage roots in sweet potato, an experiment was conducted as split-split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were allocated to soil texture (loamy and sandy MoreIn order to determine optimum culture condition to produce high quality storage roots in sweet potato, an experiment was conducted as split-split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots were allocated to soil texture (loamy and sandy), sub plots to irrigation method (furrow and drip) and sub-sub plots to sweet potato cultivars (White and Red). Cutting establishment percent, bush vegetative growth, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of storage root as well as crop per drip (CPD) were measured. Results showed that soil texture affects foliage fresh weight, shoot/root ratio, storage root number, weight and diameter, stem and leaf number, bush length, reducing and total sugar as well as CPD. Irrigation method influenced all the traits except root number. The greatest CPD was observed in loamy soil using drip irrigation respectively 5.492 and 4.569 kg/m3 for White and Red cultivar. According to path analysis results, storage root yield directly influenced by foliage fresh weight (0.726**), leaf number (0.722**), stem number (0.710**), storage root weight (0.668**), storage root diameter (0.449**), foliage length (0.352**) and storage root length (0.314**). Based on the obtained results, cultivation of Red cultivar on loamy soil using furrow irrigation at cutting establishment stage, drip irrigation during growth period and final furrow irrigation at storage root filling is more successful as a tool to produce high quality sweet potato storage root in Minab. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of the effect of growth stimulating bacteria on the yield and efficiency of wheat water consumption under the influence of irrigation rate and method
ashkan rostamian payam moaveni mehdi sadeghi shoae Hamid Mozafari faezeh rajabzadehThis research evaluated the reaction of wheat against different moisture stresses and different irrigation methods, as well as the reaction to growth-promoting bacteria in terms of different traits related to yield and water use efficiency during two crop years. The exp MoreThis research evaluated the reaction of wheat against different moisture stresses and different irrigation methods, as well as the reaction to growth-promoting bacteria in terms of different traits related to yield and water use efficiency during two crop years. The experimental factors include the irrigation regime with three levels (irrigation at 40% of available moisture discharge during the entire growth period (normal), normal irrigation until pollination and no irrigation up to 60% of available moisture discharge until the end of the growth period, irrigation until pollination and stop irrigation until the end of the growth period), irrigation methods with 5 levels (regular leakage, leakage of one furrow in the middle of variable, leakage of one furrow in the middle of constant, rain, type (strip-drop)) and the third factor of growth-increasing bacteria with There were two levels (non-use and use (combination of Microbacterium + Azobacter + Azosperlium + Pseudomonas). The results showed that the factor of irrigation regime had a significant effect on biological performance and grain yield, so that the second and third irrigation regimes (respectively with 7.89 and 4.70 tons per hectare) reduced these traits. Different irrigation methods had an effect on different quantitative and qualitative traits, but the most efficient water consumption was achieved in the tip irrigation method with a rate of 3 kg/m3. The use of bacterial integration increased the biological yield and grain to the extent of 9.79 and 13.51 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of Irrigation Systems on the Contamination of Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Production in Shahpasand Pistachio Cultivar
Mahdi Mohammadi Moghadam Ali Reza Tavakkoli Amir Hossein Mohammadi Mohammad Moradi Hossein Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
10 - Review effect of system and different amounts of irrigation water on Yield and Yield Components of Potato Plant
hossain ardalani hossain BabazadehIn order to investigate the effects of irrigation water method and water on yield, yield components and potato water productivity of Satina cultivar, a field experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications in Damavand MoreIn order to investigate the effects of irrigation water method and water on yield, yield components and potato water productivity of Satina cultivar, a field experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications in Damavand city. The treatments consisted of Furrow irrigation (F), Drip irrigation (D), one-row irrigation (T1), Two- row irrigation (T2) and irrigation regimes including 30, 50 and 70% water requirement. Statistical analysis showed that the highest yield was obtained by irrigation (T2) with irrigation with 70% irrigation regime (average 22070 kg.ha) and the lowest yield was obtained by irrigation treatments with one-row and Furrow irrigation treatments with 30% irrigation regime respectively (16200, 16410 kg.ha).The highest productivity was obtained by two-row irrigation (T2) with irrigation regime of 30% (9.8 kg.m3) and the lowest productivity with furrow irrigation with 70% irrigation regime equal 2 kg.m3.The result showed that Two-row strip-irrigation method is recommended with a 70% irrigation regime for potato cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effects of drought stress and irrigation methods on yield and yield components in two hybrids of corn (Zea mays L.)
Farzad Paknejad saeed vazan jalil ajali mojtaba Mirakhori mohammad nasiriThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress and two irrigation methods on yield and yield components in two hybrid varieties of corn named: SC704 and SC647. A split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with tree rep MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress and two irrigation methods on yield and yield components in two hybrid varieties of corn named: SC704 and SC647. A split-split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with tree replicates was used at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch (35°43´ N latitude, 50° 56´E longitude, 1160m altitude) in 2006 and 2007. Main plots were allocated to drought treatments that were applied at 40%, 60% and 75% levels of soil moisture depletion, sub-polts to two levels of irrigation methods (irrigation of all furrows and irrigation furrows alternately) and sub-sub plots to two hybrid varieties. The results showed that drought stress had significant effects on yield and yield components and sever stress treatment (75% moisture depletion) caused 37% yield reduction. Two irrigation methods didn’t have any significant effects on grain yield, but a significant interaction effect of genotype and watre stress was observed, whereas the hybrid SC647 produced more yield in full irrigated furrows and hybrid SC704 produced more yield in the alternative irrigated furrows. Indeed, SC704 yielded more than SC647 under water deficit condition when all furrows were irrigated. There was a significant positive correlation between grain yield with biomass, grain weight (r = 0.67), grain number in plant row, grain number in plant row (r = 0.72), plant height and a negative correlation with inoculated part of cob (r = -0.76). Manuscript profile
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