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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of Drought Stress and a Combination of Organic Cocopeat and Mineral Perlite Cultivation Substrates on Black Cherry Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum)
Mehrnaz Tahmasabi Mahboboh MazhariBackground and objectives: One of the most important factors of soilless cultivation systems is the cultivation bed. Plants need adequate water and elements to grow and function well. But today, a mixture of cocopeat and perlite is used in some greenhouses, which gives MoreBackground and objectives: One of the most important factors of soilless cultivation systems is the cultivation bed. Plants need adequate water and elements to grow and function well. But today, a mixture of cocopeat and perlite is used in some greenhouses, which gives better results and is suitable for the production of tomatoes outside the season. Currently, cocopeat is the main substrate used in most hydroponic systems for tomato production in the country, which is an expensive imported material. It is important to carry out new researches to investigate the effect of stress and the integration of cultivation media to produce as many black cherry tomatoes as possible. The effect of the type of cultivation medium on different plants is different. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of drought stress and the integration of organic and inorganic cultivation medium on the chemical characteristics of several raw materials that can be used as black tomato growing medium. Materials and methods: For this purpose, in order to investigate the possibility of reducing the effects of drought stress by combining cocopeat and perlite, a factorial research was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. In this research, two factors of drought stress (Fc100%, Fc50%, Fc25%, Fc12.5%) and different percentages of the cultivation bed (Cocopeat 0% + Perlite 100%, Cocopeat 25% + Perlite 75%, Cocopeat 50% + Perlite 50%, Cocopeat 75% + Perlite 25%, Cocopeat 100% + Perlite 0%) were investigated. The studied traits included the number of fruits, fresh and dry weight of the shoot, root length, relative moisture content of the leaves, the amount of chlorophyll a and b, and total. Results: Based on the results of the treatment combinations, cocopeat 75-perlite 25 and cocopeat 100- zero perlite had the highest performance, especially under severe stress of dehydration, and the lowest efficiency in the treatment combinations Co0Pe100+FC12.5%, Co25Pe75+FC12.5%, and Co50Pe50+FC12. 5% and Co100Pe0+FC12.5% were obtained. Also, FC100% treatment with the highest amount of total chlorophyll (3.10 mg per gram of fresh tissue) in the statistically superior group and FC12.5% treatment with the lowest amount of total chlorophyll (2.22 mg per gram of fresh tissue) were included in the weakest statistical group. In other words, maintaining soil moisture at the level of agricultural capacity increased the amount of total chlorophyll by 39.63% compared to the decrease in moisture at the level of 12.5% of agricultural capacity. Conclusion: Based on the results, the substrates containing richer foods provided better results. By adding cocopeat to the substrate, the negative effects of drought stress can be controlled. The reason for this superiority is the amount of nutrients in this substrate due to its ability to store more nutrients and water. The use of perlite in hydroponic culture beds is useful because it has large and small pores that improve the culture bed's ventilation. One of the negative effects of drought stress is the reduction of chlorophyll. As a result, the photosynthesis system of the plant will be damaged, and with the increase in the amount of proline, chlorophyll will decrease because the amounts of chlorophyll and proline have an inverse relationship with each other. Lack of water will cause a decrease in growth, leaf surface, wet and dry weight, destruction of cell membranes, destruction and reduction of proteins and enzymes, accumulation of amino acids, reduction of growth enhancers, damage to pigments and plastids, and reduction of root growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Influence of Salinity and Supplementary Calcium on Growth, Concentration of Some Nutrients and Quality of Tomato Fruit under Hydroponic Conditions
abolfazl azadi abdolmajid ronaghi zahra ahmadi mojtaba sadri zahra asadi saber heidariBackground and Objective: Soil salinity is one of the important stresses in agricultural production and plays an important role in reducing the growth of crops such as tomatoes. The proper concentration of calcium in salinity conditions is an important factor in control MoreBackground and Objective: Soil salinity is one of the important stresses in agricultural production and plays an important role in reducing the growth of crops such as tomatoes. The proper concentration of calcium in salinity conditions is an important factor in controlling sodium and chlorine toxicity and increasing the yield of sensitive plants especially tomatoes. This research was carried out to study the effect of salinity and supplemental calcium on growth, concentration of some nutrients and fruit quality of tomato under hydroponic conditions. Method: For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted on the based on a completely randomized design with three replications in year 89-90 in the greenhouse of the Soil Science Department of Shiraz University. The treatments consisted of three levels of salinity (0, 10 and 20 mM) from sodium chloride and three levels of calcium (0, 5 and 10 mM) from calcium nitrate source. Findings: The results showed that the application of supplemental calcium in saline conditions to the nutrient solution reduced the negative effects of salinity and high sodium and chloride on tomato growth, although this supplemental calcium did not improve the growth and yield of the fruit, but could be considered as a competitive factor in the absorption of other cations by the plant. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the sodium chloride had a negative effect on root and shoot dry weight, but this weight loss was significant only for the root (25.77% decrease compared to the control sample). Increasing salinity reduced the amount of nitrogen in the shoots. Changes in potassium were not significant in shoots, but in the root with increasing salinity and calcium, potassium absorption decreased. The lowest potassium uptake in the root was obtained from treatment with salinity of 20 mM and no supplemental calcium. Sodium chloride (salinity) treatment increased root and shoot sodium concentrations, and supplementation of calcium reduced the sodium concentration in them. The highest amount of magnesium absorption in shoots was in salinity treatment (20 mM) and without calcium, and the lowest magnesium adsorption was in non-saline treatments with 10 mM calcium. Salinity increased the concentration of manganese, zinc and copper in shoots and increased zinc in the root. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Potential of Chenopodium Album for Uptaking and Accumulation of Stable Cesium
Seyed mahdi Borghei Reza Arjmandi Roxana MoogoueiIntroduction:This study was conducted to evaluate potential of Chenopodium album for remediation ofstable cesium from solutions. Cesium accumulation and tolerance in Chenopodium albumplants were also investigated.Material and Methods:Using phytoremediation method, hydro MoreIntroduction:This study was conducted to evaluate potential of Chenopodium album for remediation ofstable cesium from solutions. Cesium accumulation and tolerance in Chenopodium albumplants were also investigated.Material and Methods:Using phytoremediation method, hydroponically grown plants were exposed to cesiumsolutions (0.4-4 mgl-1).Result and Discussion:Cesium accumulation was 201.83 ± 2.15 to 1032.86 ± 12.21 mg kg-1 after 14d. The resultsindicated that maximum cesium remediation was 68.08 ± 2.12% that occurred in minimumcesium concentration. Plants trans-located cesium in both roots and shoots that indicatedChenopodium album could be used as a potential candidate plant for phytoremediation ofcesium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The effect of Anthracene on oxidative stress factors in Medicago sativa L.
Maryam Khoshsokhan mozaffar leyla Jafari Elahe VatankhahPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the tensions that inhibit plant growth and create imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and antioxidant defense activities of the plant. Anthracene is the main pollutants in the petrochemical indus MorePolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the tensions that inhibit plant growth and create imbalance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and antioxidant defense activities of the plant. Anthracene is the main pollutants in the petrochemical industry, which is located on the list of toxic pollutants, US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). In this study is to evaluate the effect of anthracene on some parameters of oxidative stress in Medicago sativa after 12 days of treatment with anthracene (2, 4 mmol per liter) in hydroponics, shoot and root tissues of the plants were harvested and used to measure biochemical parameters. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), glutathione transferase(GST), peroxidase(PO), malondialdehyde and enzyme ascorbate peroxidase(APX) in shoot and root, as well as the activity of chlorophyll b and a the shoot was determined. The results showed that The high activities of SOD, APX, SPO, PPO and GST on the shoot of 4 mM anthracene is significant. Anthracene treatment, decreased MDA levels in shoot significantly. It is also associated with increased concentrations of chlorophyll a and b. Also increases the activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase is the result of the production of phenolic compounds in the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) for phytodesalination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorine under different water salinity stresses
Sepideh Hoseini Roxana Moogouei Mehdi Borghei Zahra Abedi Mehdi RamezaniThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with thre MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included 4 salinity levels of zero (control), 5, 10 and 15 dS / m and two species of wheat and quinoa. In this study, traits such as total plant dry weight, accumulation of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and total plant chlorine and the efficiency of water uptake by plants were measured. The results of this study showed that quinoa has more ability to absorb and accumulate elements than wheat and is a plant resistant to salinity stress. The results showed that the concentrations of sodium, chlorine and magnesium per plant (5.48, 10.12 and 1.12 g for wheat and 10.76, 11.65 and 2.66 g for wheat, respectively). Absorption efficiency of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from water (12.28%, 11.30% and 20.22% for wheat and 23.12%, 14.60% and 24.79% for quinoa, respectively). The results also showed that the amount of sodium, chlorine and magnesium accumulated in the plant and the efficiency of phytodesalination of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from saline water significantly increased with increasing in salinity for both wheat and quinoa. In the case of calcium and potassium bioaccumulation and phytodesalination efficiency decreased with increasing salinity. As a result, quinoa showed a significant bioaccumulation efficiency in dry weight production, compared to wheat, so it can be considered as an alternative plant for cultivation in salinity and dry climate conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of aquatic extract of canola (Brassica napus L.) on chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase, catalase and peroxidase activities enzymes of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedling in hydroponic culture
مریم Niakan معصومه TajariCanola contains allelochemicals that effect on metabolism of weeds and crop plants.The aim of this research was to study the effect of aquatic extract of canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401) on chlorophyll content in cotyledon, nitrate reductase, catalase and peroxid MoreCanola contains allelochemicals that effect on metabolism of weeds and crop plants.The aim of this research was to study the effect of aquatic extract of canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401) on chlorophyll content in cotyledon, nitrate reductase, catalase and peroxidase activity in root, stem and cotyledon of soybean seedling (Glycine max L. cv Gorgan 3) in Hoagland culture. The seeds of canola (Brassica napus L.cv Hyola 401) was planted in pot and provided aquatic extract of total plant in 5 leaf stage.This extract was added to Hoagland culture and catalase,peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities in leaf, stem and root and chlorophyll a and b content in cotyledons in soybean seedling (Glycine max L.cv Gorgan3) after 9 days were evaluated. The results showed that chlorophylls (a and b) amounts in cotyledons and catalase and peroxidase in root and stem and cotyledon decreased in comparison with to control (Hoagland only) in while nitrate reductase activity reduced in cotyledon and in root and stem increasd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of silicon on some growth, physiological and phytochemical properties of Cannabis sativa L. in soil and soilless culture
Fatemeh Beheshti sarah khorasaninejadCannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologie MoreCannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologies in the world for adverse environmental environments. Based on a two-factor factorial in a completely randomized design with four silicon treatments with concentrations of zero, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mmol and three replications in four culture media (soil and sand (soil derivatives), soil and vermicompost compost (soil derivatives), perlite (hydroponics), perlite and cocopeat (hydroponics) were applied. After vegetative growth is complete, growth, morphophysiological and phytochemical indices including root and shoot length (ruler), fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, relative leaf moisture (scales), leaf area (leaf surface), photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins, sugar, phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (spectrophotometer), some leaf and root elements (flame photometer) were measured. The results showed that the culture system had a significant effect on all measured traits (except flavonoids) and the application of silicon improved many phytochemical traits and yield components with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.25 in this plant. It is noteworthy that silicon in hydroponic systems improved the growth traits and absorption of elements, but in the culture medium of soil derivatives, increased the phytochemical traits of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The results can indicate that the use of hydroponic culture media increases the yield, while in soil media due to some limitations, especially the absorption of elements, non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as phenolic acid increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of Replacing Dietary Corn Silage with Hydroponic Barley Green Fodder on Holstein Dairy Cows Performance
H. Fazaeli H.A. Golmohammadi S.N. Tabatatbaei -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of Hydroponic Barley Seedlings Substituting for Different Ratios of Basal Diets on Serum Biochemical Indexes and Rumen Fluid Microbial Diversity in Lactating Ewes
Y. Ma T. Guo Z. Zhang G. Amat Y. Jing Y. Tuo L. Hou -
Open Access Article
10 - Reduction of Phytotoxic Effect of Cadmium Heavy Metal by Biomass of Edible Fungus, Armillaria tabescens
Özlem Gülmez -
Open Access Article
11 - PEG imposed water deficit and physiological alterations in hydroponic cabbage .
Sunaina , Nimisha Amist Amist Narsingh Bahadur Singh Singh -
Open Access Article
12 - An investigation on hydroponic growth and stable Cs uptake from solutions by Chenopodium album and Amaranthus chlorostachys
R. MoogoueiEcological adaptation of weeds to grow up solutions contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides and potential of these plants for remediation of sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water and waste water are essential factors for establishment of a phytoremediat MoreEcological adaptation of weeds to grow up solutions contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides and potential of these plants for remediation of sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water and waste water are essential factors for establishment of a phytoremediation system. In this paper growth rate of Chenopodium album and Amaranthus chelorostachys used for remediation in hydroponic system was compared. Then their remediation efficiency was investigated. This system used the Hoagland medium in sand and trays individually (solid and liquid bed hydroponic system). Macro and micro element concentrations, pH and seedling settlement were limiting factors and significantly affected the plants’ growth. As a result C. album could significantly grow in solid bed hydroponic system while A. chelorostachys was grown in liquid bed hydroponic system. Then these plants were exposed to 0.5 mgl-1 CsCl for a period of 14 days. With exposure of the plants to Cs solution, 52.99±7.57 and 41.68± 3.92 percent of Cs ions were remediated from solutions. Moreover significant accumulation of Cs was occurred in shoots of C. album and A. chelorostachys. Thereforethese plants can be potential candidates for phytoremediation purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effects of different substrates on quantitative characteristics of cucumber Negin cultivar in hydroponic irrigation system
Mehdi Ghaemi Qumars Kalarestaghi Mohsen Nabavi In order to determine the effects of different substrates on quantitative characteristics of greenhouse cucumber of Negin cultivar and also to study the possibility of mixing of perlite in different substrates, an experiment laid out in a random More In order to determine the effects of different substrates on quantitative characteristics of greenhouse cucumber of Negin cultivar and also to study the possibility of mixing of perlite in different substrates, an experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and four replication was carried out in a personal greenhouse in 2010. Characters including yield, the number of fruit, plant high, were measured and examined during this experiment. The results showed that different substrates significantly affected many measured characteristics as follows: peat moss with 2998 grof fruit weight had the highest yield and leca with 355 grof fruit weight had the lowest yield between the whole treatments. And also between the treatments, peat moss with 54 numbers of fruit per pot had the most fruit number and leca with less than 8 fruit number per pot had the least number of fruit averagely. Peat moss with the average of 179 cm had the highest high and leca with 56.5 cmhad the lowest high between the substrates. The results also showed that the mixed perlite made some changes in the most measured characters in substrates compared to the pure one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Hydroponic Phytoremediation of Nickel by Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
Mozhgan Tagharobiyan Vahid Poozesh -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigating the performance of hydroponic green fodder and simplified heat transfer model of nanofarm for agricultural engineering application
Amirreza Esmaeili Hamidreza Bahrami Rozita Hajian Mohsen Karimian Ehsan Shokrani -
Open Access Article
16 - The effect of humic acid foliar application on yield and some quality traits of Lolla rossa lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under salt stress
روما kalhor MonfaredSalinity stress is one of the important stresses in reducing the yield of plants, especially leafy plants, and it is very important to provide solutions to deal with it. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design MoreSalinity stress is one of the important stresses in reducing the yield of plants, especially leafy plants, and it is very important to provide solutions to deal with it. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in four replications in a greenhouse located in Naziabad, Karaj on llolaroza lettuce hydroponically under salt stress conditions. The factors of this research included humic acid in four concentrations 0 (control), 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/l and salinity stress at two levels no stress (control) and 30 mM. The results showed that application of salinity stress decreased the yield of Lolla rossa lettuce. The application of humic acid and increasing its concentration increased the quantitative and qualitative performance of this plant and reduced the negative effects of salinity stress. The highest yield of fresh weight of lettuce was 682.27 g/m2, related to the mutual effects of humic acid treatments of 1500 mg/l and salinity stress. The application of humic acid and increasing its concentration decreased the activity of catalase enzyme and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme. Salt stress increased the activity of catalase enzyme and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme. The lowest activity of catalase enzyme (0.004 µmole FW/min) and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme (0.41µmol H2O2 min-1.mg-1 protein), related to the interaction of humic acid 1500 mg/l and control of salinity stress. The highest activity of catalase enzyme (0.024 µmole FW/min) and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme(0.81 µmol H2O2 min-1.mg-1 protein) were observed in humic acid control under salt stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Effect of salinity stress on germination and initial growth of two sunflower cultivars and red-root amaranth in in vitro and hydroponic condition
Fatemeh Tavakoli Mansoureh MoeeniThe effect of salinity levels on germination and growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cvs. Euroflor and Record and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was studied in two separate experiments under laboratory and hydroponic conditions. The experiments were MoreThe effect of salinity levels on germination and growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cvs. Euroflor and Record and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was studied in two separate experiments under laboratory and hydroponic conditions. The experiments were in split plot based on completely randomized design. Main plot and subplots were devoted for plant type and salinity level, respectively. The salinity levels were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM of sodium chloride in laboratory condition. The seeds were placed in each Petri dish separately and 5 ml of salt solution was added and were incubated at 30 °C. The germination and primary growth parameters were evaluated in one week. Increasing salinity levels, caused reduction of germination percentage and seedling growth parameters of sunflower cultivars and redroot pigweed, significantly. The redroot pigweed was less tolerant to salinity than sunflower cultivars in germination stage. In hydroponic condition, the seeds were sown in sand and after plant transferring to Hoagland solution, salinity treatments including 25, 50, 100, and 150 mM of sodium chloride were added to the culture medium. After 4 weeks, the growth parameters and leaf chlorophyll content were recorded. The growth parameters and leaf chlorophyll content were decreased significantly, increasing of salinity levels. In addition to the sunflower cv. Euroflor was less tolerant to salinity than Record and redroot pigweed. The sunflower cv. Record is recommending being cultivated in saline soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Phytoremediation potential of black nightshade in cadmium contaminated soils in hydroponic system
Fatemeh Ebrahimi Amin Baghizadeh Shahram PourseyediCadmium is a heavy metal causing oxidative stress in plants. The study objective was to determine phytoremediation potential of black nightshade in cadmium contaminated culture medium. The experiment was carried out under hydroponic conditions with five cadmium chl MoreCadmium is a heavy metal causing oxidative stress in plants. The study objective was to determine phytoremediation potential of black nightshade in cadmium contaminated culture medium. The experiment was carried out under hydroponic conditions with five cadmium chloride concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mM based on completely randomized design in three replications. Root length, plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf area, cadmium uptake rate and total chlorophyll were recorded. Cadmium application decreased plant dry weight, leaf area and total chlorophyll and increased root length, plant height and cadmium uptake. Cadmium concentrations up to 400 mM caused cadmium uptake increment in plants. Black nightshade kept phytoremediation potential even at 600 mM cadmium concentration. These changes in morph-physiological traits are for cadmium stress management causing survivability of plant against these conditions and black nightshade could be effective in environment hygiene by cadmium accumulation in its tissues. Therefore, black nightshade might be recommended as a cadmium hyper-accumulator plant in industrial cadmium contaminated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effect of planting bed and soilless media on growth and yield of potato minitubers
Monireh Hajiaghaei Kamrani Kazem Hashemimajd Nosratollah Najafi Hadi HosseinniyaThe present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications. Eight types of potting media including perlite, perlite + vermiculite (1:1 v:v), perlite + peat moss (1:1 v:v), soil + perlite (1:1 v:v), perlite + soil + MoreThe present study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and four replications. Eight types of potting media including perlite, perlite + vermiculite (1:1 v:v), perlite + peat moss (1:1 v:v), soil + perlite (1:1 v:v), perlite + soil + cow manure compost (4:3:3 v:v), perlite + soil + vermicompost (4:3:3 v:v:v), field soil and perlite + peat moss as conventional nutrient solution and planting media used in greenhouse (Control). During the growing season, the leaf area, plant height, stem basal diameter, tuber fresh and dry weight, tuber specific weight and tuber number per plant were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between treatments in leaf area index, plant height, tuber number per plant and stem basal diameter. Growth and production of minituber were low in soil and soil containing medium. Therefore, the productivity of local soil was not corrected by any soil amendments. Soil containing medium had the highest bulk and particle density, EC and pH and the lowest porosity then produced the lowest number of tubers and fresh and dry weight of tubers. The highest number of tubers was produced in perlit + peat moss treatment. The maximum amounts of plant height were recorded in soil + perlite + compost treatments. The perlite + peat moss medium (1:1 v:v) is recommended for production of potato minitubers. Manuscript profile
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