Ghazālī

Open Access Article

1 - Abulfazl al-Baghdādī: the Unknown Successor of Ahmad Ghazālī
انسیه شیخسفلی شهرام پازوکی

According to the Sufis’ chains of authorities, the tradition of ShāhNimatullāh Valī (d. 1430 C.E.) goes back to Ahmad Ghazālī (d. 1126C.E.), the head of the Marufī order and the brother of the famousImām Muhammad Ghazālī. This chain was developed outside Iran byt More

According to the Sufis’ chains of authorities, the tradition of ShāhNimatullāh Valī (d. 1430 C.E.) goes back to Ahmad Ghazālī (d. 1126C.E.), the head of the Marufī order and the brother of the famousImām Muhammad Ghazālī. This chain was developed outside Iran bythe unknown successor of Ahmad Ghazālī, mentioned as Abulfazl al-Baghdādī, and through some intermediaries reached Abu Madyan (d.1198 C.E.), in Tlemcen (a town in Northwestern Algeria). The name ofAbu Madyan is frequently mentioned in Ibn al-Arabi’s works as hismaster. This chain finally came up to Shāh Nimatullāh Valī, thusreturned to Iran. This article tries to survey the real identity of ShaikhAbulfazl al-Baghdādī. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Divine Lover According to Richard Rolle and Aḥmad Ghazālī with an Emphasis on Fire of Love and Sawāniḥ al –ushshāq
زهره Hemmat فاطمه Lajevardi

This article compares the views of Richard Rolle (ca. 1300- 1349), an English hermit, mystic, writer and Bible interpreter and Aḥmad Ghazālī (ca. 1060- 1126), an Iranian mystic, writer and preacher on love. These mystics have spoken of love in detail in their works, Fir More

This article compares the views of Richard Rolle (ca. 1300- 1349), an English hermit, mystic, writer and Bible interpreter and Aḥmad Ghazālī (ca. 1060- 1126), an Iranian mystic, writer and preacher on love. These mystics have spoken of love in detail in their works, Fire of Love and Sawāniḥ al -ushshāq. This paper, shows that topics on love in these two books include: The essence of love, The beloved, Characteristics of a lover, Essentials of love and Results of love. Re-examining these categories illustrates the differences and similarities between the two mystics' views of the concept of love and lovers. The ideas of Rolle and Ghazālī are overlapping in the nature of love, but their views differ significantly on other topics. From Rolle's point of view, love cannot be realized except through the religious context and Christian ethics, and it only makes sense in relation to God, Christ and the Trinity. However, in Ghazālī's view, the ontological and psychological aspects of love and lover are more intense, and it is capable of being experienced in relation to God and his creatures. The present study compares the view of this two mystics on the Characteristics of lover in detail.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Look at the Structure of Mystical Letters; Based on the Letters of Ghazālī, Sanāī, Rumi, Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani
Seid Amir Jahādi Hosseini Nāzanin Rostami Zādeh

Mystical letters are one of the most valuable examples of informal writings. These letters show abundant imagination, creative mind and mystical pen of their writers, and distinguishes the mystics from the courtly writers who are well aware of the art of letter writing. More

Mystical letters are one of the most valuable examples of informal writings. These letters show abundant imagination, creative mind and mystical pen of their writers, and distinguishes the mystics from the courtly writers who are well aware of the art of letter writing. A study of these texts shows that there is a regular and coherent structure in them. By using descriptive-analytical method, the authors of this study have tried to analyze the content of the letters of Ghazālī, Sanāī, Rumi and Ayn al-Quzat in terms of structure and content of the letters. The style of writing, the subject, the addressee, and in general the structure of the letters is among the items that have received less attention; therefore, the need for such research in these areas is felt.  The findings of the study indicate that the structure of mystical letters is different from courtly letters. The difference is more evident in the speeches, the titles and the beginning of the letter; also, the main subject of the letter is the written requests. In addition, the letters of the mystics are full of advices that are morally and educationally valuable and for teaching ideological and mystical principles are useful.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Influence of Ghazālī's Thoughts on Sanā'ī
فرهاد کاکرش

  Abū Hāmid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazālī (1058-1111) is an Islamic theologian who has remained one of the most celebrated mystic scholars in the history of Islamic thought. Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (died around 1131), is one of the earl More

  Abū Hāmid Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Ghazālī (1058-1111) is an Islamic theologian who has remained one of the most celebrated mystic scholars in the history of Islamic thought. Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (died around 1131), is one of the earlier Sufi poets. In the present article, attempt is made to show the influence of Ghazālī’s thoughts, based on Arba'een (the book of Forty Steps), on Sanā'ī presented in Hadiqat-ul Haqiqah  (the book of Walled Garden of Truth).     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Sama in the Works of Sulamī and Ghazālī; Based on Verbal Presuppositions
Rāziyeh Hojatizādeh

Verbal presupposition is a linguistics subject that is paid attention in interpreting texts. Verbal presuppositions, as hypotheses and ideas about linguistic knowledge and outlook of writer of a text, are shared with potential readers. We are connected to the old texts More

Verbal presupposition is a linguistics subject that is paid attention in interpreting texts. Verbal presuppositions, as hypotheses and ideas about linguistic knowledge and outlook of writer of a text, are shared with potential readers. We are connected to the old texts by reconstruction of historical situations and the thoughts that were in common use at the time which the text was produced. Sama (ritual that often includes singing, dancing, recitation of poetry and prayers) is one of disputed subjects in the history of Sufism and there are many contradictory evaluations about it, so for understanding the meaning of these evaluations, we need to know their verbal presuppositions. The aim of present article is to compare the concept of sama in the works of Abū Abd ar-Rahmān as-Sulamī and Ahmad Ghazālī by using lingusitic and semantic method. Also, we try to show the function of presuppositions in a comprehensive recognition of the ritual’s historical development. According to the presuppositions, there are two periods in the formation of sama: generation and stability. Abū Abd ar-Rahmān as-Sulamī, based on his phenomenological and wholistic approach belongs to the period of generation, and Ahmad Ghazālī, with regards to his metaphorical language and  phenomenological – psycological approach belongs to the period of stability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Interaction of Language and Meaning in Ghazālī's Sawāneh; Based on Jakobson's Communication Theory
toroj aghdai fateme bda khavidi

Language is the only means of depicting the sense world. Everyone understands the world in his/her own way and describes it with a special language. In the same fashion, the language used in Sawāneh, written by Ahmad Ghazālī, expresses the unique experiences of him. Bas More

Language is the only means of depicting the sense world. Everyone understands the world in his/her own way and describes it with a special language. In the same fashion, the language used in Sawāneh, written by Ahmad Ghazālī, expresses the unique experiences of him. Based on the Jakobson's communication theory, the present article tries to consider the aesthetic message of Sawāneh, and show that despite using language as a means for communication, the meaning expressed in the language and the understanding of it are delayed in the text. The meaning and understanding are delayed because the writer tries to employ aesthetic means of language. At the same time, for considering the literal content of the text we refer to anecdote, allegory, simile, personification and metaphor as the most important means used to change language to literature. Manuscript profile

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