List of Articles Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)

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  1 - The Impact of Urbanization on the consumption renewable and non-renewable energies in selected Developing countries
  yazdan naghdi soheila kaghazian maryam lashkarizadeh
  10.30495/jest.2022.55388.5164
  Background and Objective: Given the rapid expansion of urban society and increasing energy consumption in developing countries, it is necessary to examine the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relat More

  Background and Objective: Given the rapid expansion of urban society and increasing energy consumption in developing countries, it is necessary to examine the relationship between urbanization and energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between urbanization and the consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy in selected developing countries. Material and Methodology: In this research, the effect of urbanization rate on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption will be investigated using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method and using two models. This study was conducted for 44 countries for the period 1996-2018. Estimation of the models has been done with Stata software. The research model was adopted from the linear Salim model. Finding: According to the results of this study, every 10% increase in urbanization rate leads to a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption in developing countries. While every 10 percent increase in urbanization rates will increase the consumption of non-renewable energy in these countries by 4.2 percent. Therefore, in developing countries, the impact of urbanization rates on non-renewable energy consumption is greater than renewable energy. Discussion and Conclusion: The reason for more renewable energy consumption in developing countries is the greater dependence of heating and public and private transportation in developing countries on non-renewable energy, which must be changed gradually. This also indicates the low awareness and knowledge of the population about consumption patterns and also the low level of technology in these countries. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Investigate the impact of economic development on road traffic casualties in two groups of high- and middle-income countries
  اشکان رحیم زاده
  10.30495/qrm.2023.705366
  AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of economic development and human development on road traffic casualties in two groups of high- and middle-income countries. The data in this research is obtained from the World Bank Development Indicator More

  AbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of economic development and human development on road traffic casualties in two groups of high- and middle-income countries. The data in this research is obtained from the World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) set for two groups of high- and middle-income countries classified according to the United Nations report, in the period 2000-2021. Due to the fact that the data used in this research is heterogeneous, Padroni's co-integration test was used. The results of this test indicate that the variables of the model are related to each other in the long run. The results of the estimation of the model by the method of generalized moments show that in the set of selected countries with high income, the effect of the variables of GDP, unemployment rate and human development index on road casualties was negative and significant, while in the set of selected countries with middle income the effect of the variables Gross domestic product per capita and unemployment rate have a positive and significant effect on road casualties, and a negative and significant effect of the human development index has been obtained. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The Effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market volatility in Selected Developing Countries: dynamic data panel approach
  sirvan aghaie Mohammad Sokhanvar tahereh akhoondzadeh
  10.30495/eco.2022.1933433.2540
     Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market fluctuations in 25 selected developing countries between 2001-2019 using a multivariate mushroom model to calculate fluctuations and gener More

     Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market fluctuations in 25 selected developing countries between 2001-2019 using a multivariate mushroom model to calculate fluctuations and generalized torque method. Based on the findings of the multivariate mushroom approach, there is a positive and significant relationship between financial and trade liberalization and the stock market fluctuations in this group of countries. Investigating the effect of financial and trade liberalization on stock market volatility using the generalized dynamic torque panel regression model shows a positive relationship between financial and trade liberalization and inflation with stock market volatility and also shows an inverse relationship between per capita income and financial liberalization and trade with it. Based on the results, it is suggested that economic policymakers, when implementing financial and trade liberalization policies, should take it into account that this liberalization is both an opportunity and a threat to domestic capital markets. Accordingly, imposition of financial and trade liberalization measures are recommended simultaneously and in a regulatory context. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Impact of Islamic Banking and Non-banking Financial Institutions on Economic Growth in Iran – A Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)
  saeed farahanifard majid feshari yavar khanzadeh
  Abstract The banks and non-banking financial institutions have facilitated trading and commercial activities and increased the markets, and economic growth and prosperity by organizing and directing the payments. In this study, firstly, the researchers have explained t More

  Abstract The banks and non-banking financial institutions have facilitated trading and commercial activities and increased the markets, and economic growth and prosperity by organizing and directing the payments. In this study, firstly, the researchers have explained the channels by which banking and non-banking financial institutions affect economic growth, and secondly, paid attention to the ways of affecting the explanatory variables on economic growth in Iran. At the end, by using the traditional model of King and Levine Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the effects of non-banking financial institutions supervised by Central Bank of IRI and Commercial and specialized banks are studied during 1999:Q1 - 2013:Q4. The empirical results of this study have indicated that all explanatory variables used have significantly positive effect on economic growth. Also, the experimental results have shown that banking financial institutions have a greater and significant effect on economic growth compared to non-banking financial institutions. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Economic Growth in Countries Depended on Natural Resource (By emphasizing on Oil Resources)
  kazem yavari mahdieh rezagholizadeh majid aghaee
  This paper, by focusing on oil resources, tries to investigate the relationship between natural resources abundance and economic growth in 8 OPEC selected countries during 1970- 2008. We used Dynamic Panel Data and Static Panel Data Model for this purpose and estimated More

  This paper, by focusing on oil resources, tries to investigate the relationship between natural resources abundance and economic growth in 8 OPEC selected countries during 1970- 2008. We used Dynamic Panel Data and Static Panel Data Model for this purpose and estimated the relations by Generalized Method of Moments[1], Fixed Effects and Random Effects Estimator. The results represented that there is a negative relationship between oil resources abundance and economic growth in above mentioned countries. [1]. GMM * Associate Professor in Economics at University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author), Email: kyavari@gmail.com                              **PhD student in Economics at University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran, Email: mahdieh_rezagholizadeh@yahoo.com ***PhD Student in Economics at University of Tarbiat Modares and Researcher at Statistical Research and Training Centre, Tehran, Iran, Email: majid_aghaei3@yahoo.com Manuscript profile
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  6 - The Effect of Central Bank Transparency on the Output Volatility
  Mohamad ali Ehsani Reza Izadi
  This paper investigates the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility in selected states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (based on the maximum data availability) during the period 2003-2014. Applying the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation and using t More

  This paper investigates the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility in selected states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (based on the maximum data availability) during the period 2003-2014. Applying the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation and using the Dincer and Eichengreen transparency index, we examine the effect of central bank transparency on output volatility. The results indicate that an increase in the level of central bank transparency will decrease output volatility up to a certain point, after which additional information from central banks begins to exacerbate it. Therefore, moving with caution towards monetary policy transparency is recommended since the output volatility can be reduced considerably, implying significant benefits for output stability. Manuscript profile
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  7 - The Productivity of Energy and the Effective Factors on it. (Manufacturing Industries of IRAN)
  Ebrahim Niknaghsh نقی شجاع Amir Gholam Abri Mohamad Mehdi Movahedi
  The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment anal More

  The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the total energy productivity and the effective factors on 134 manufacturing industries in Iran with a four digit code and also ISIC international classification among 1385 to 1394. To do this, with data envelopment analysis and Malmquist method the technical, technological efficiency and the total energy productivity are calculated on the manufacturing industries in Iran. And then by fixed effects method and generalized method of moments  (GMM),the effect factors on the total Energy Productivity was calculated. The results of the model showed that the total Manufacturing Industries experiences a technological positive growth, but some have been technically efficient. In all, the findings showed the growth of the total energy productivity in the manufacturing industries. The findings based on the model showed that variables such as skills, information communication technologies (ICT), research and development, physical capital and machinery and equipment , export and time are meaningful effect and just variable education is meaningless effect on the total energy productivity. Based on the results, reviewing the work style, improving managerial skills ,Government subsidized support of production and investment, imports tariff reduction of capital equipment and machinery of the industries with less energy consumption is recommended. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Effect of Trade Specialization Pattern on Economic Growth in MENA Countries
  homayoun ranjbar mahdieh iranmanesh morteza mohammadi
  This article investigates the pattern of trade specialization and productivity of exports on economic growth in MENA countries during 2009-2001 using generalized method of moments discussed. The results showed that there is a positive effect on exports and productivity More

  This article investigates the pattern of trade specialization and productivity of exports on economic growth in MENA countries during 2009-2001 using generalized method of moments discussed. The results showed that there is a positive effect on exports and productivity indicators and the negative effect of exports on economic growth indicators heterogeneity between industrial, commercial and trade on economic growth. Among the indicators, only the effect of concentration of exports on economic growth is consistent with the theory that the cause of its extreme dependence on oil economies is of MENA region. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Analysis af Quantity and the Way Privatization Affects Economic Growth – Case of Members of G - Eight Countries, 1998-2010
  S. Arianmehr A. Yahyaabadi A. Hortamani M. Shafaghat
  Transfer to the private sector and government policies, economic activities, limiting the activities of the government and the public sector in recent decades has been unprecedented in world currency and today, more or less, in all countries, whether developed or develo More

  Transfer to the private sector and government policies, economic activities, limiting the activities of the government and the public sector in recent decades has been unprecedented in world currency and today, more or less, in all countries, whether developed or developing, has been implemented on a wide scale. This policy, which is known as the privatization policy, has always been an important and significant impact on the operations, business performance, efficiency, institutional, and economic variables. Had the reverse. The study will attempt to examine one of the most important macroeconomic effects of privatization, with other macroeconomic variables, even on economic growth in member countries G-eight to be paid for the period 2010-1998 and the hypothesis tested that the privatization could lead to a positive impact on economic growth during the study period or not. This study uses panel data and dynamic panel generalized moments method (GMM) carries the main hypothesis of this study indicate that and shows that privatization has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in member countries G - Eight is for the period that mentioned. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Effect of Oil Revenues on the Military Burden in Oil-Rich Countries of Middle East
  Aboulghasem Gol khandan
  The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of oil revenues on the military expenditures in nine oil-rich countries of Middle East during the years 1995-2018. For this purpose, a general model of military expenditures designed for these countries and t More

  The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of oil revenues on the military expenditures in nine oil-rich countries of Middle East during the years 1995-2018. For this purpose, a general model of military expenditures designed for these countries and to estimate it the generalized method of moments (GMM) is used in the form of dynamic panel data. The results of the model estimation show that the oil revenues have a positive and significant effect on the military expenditures in the studied countries. So that with an increase of 1 percent in the share of oil revenues to GDP, the ratio of military spending to GDP (military time) increased in this country about 0.16 percent. On this basis, it can be said that the oil plays a significant role in providing military expenditure and security in the oil-rich countries of Middle East Manuscript profile