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Open Access Article
1 - Spatial variations of groundwater quality parameters using geostatistics (Case study: Segsi Plain, Isfahan)
Zahra Azhdari Seyed Zeynalabedin HosseiniBackground and Objective: Understanding chemical changes in groundwater and their mapping play a substantial role in optimal management of groundwater in an area. There are various methods for investigation and classification of groundwater chemical features, and select MoreBackground and Objective: Understanding chemical changes in groundwater and their mapping play a substantial role in optimal management of groundwater in an area. There are various methods for investigation and classification of groundwater chemical features, and selection of appropriate method depends on the purpose, conditions of the area and available information. Geostatistical methods and GIS can be useful tools in this regard. The aim of his study is to investigate the spatial variations of groundwater quality and select the best mapping method for the management of groundwater resources in Segsi plain. Method: In this paper, the distribution of quality pollutants pH, TDS, Hco3, EC, Ca, Mg, TH, Na and So4 in groundwater of Segsi plain was investigated using inverse distance and geostatistical methods, distance and bearing functions, local, general and ordinary Kriging estimator software ARCGIS9.3. Accordingly, the sample from 445 groundwater wells, springs and canals were examined. After evaluating variograms and determining the spatiality of the changes in the studied parameters, interpolation of parameters was performed and the best evaluation model with lowest RMSE was selected through mutual evaluation technique and the root-mean-square error. Findings: The results showed that all parameters had the lowest RMSE using the ordinary Kriging method and it was used for mapping the spatial distribution of water quality parameters. Results from mapping indicated that Na, Ca, Mg, So4, Hco3 and pH had no limitation and EC, TH and TDS had limitations in terms of drinkability. Conclusion: According to the results, application of the ordinary Kriging method is recommended for more precision, less calculation and less data demand among various interpolation methods for the groundwater mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparative study on "Tangsir" and "Thief and dogs"
Azimeh Reihani Ardebili Sayyed Ebrahim DibajiSadeq Choobak and Najeeb Mahfooz are pioneer novelists in Iran and Egypt who have great contribution on the evolution and development of story writing. Tangsir of Sadeq Choobak and Thief and dogs of Najeeb Mahfooz novels have reflected the social realities of a historic MoreSadeq Choobak and Najeeb Mahfooz are pioneer novelists in Iran and Egypt who have great contribution on the evolution and development of story writing. Tangsir of Sadeq Choobak and Thief and dogs of Najeeb Mahfooz novels have reflected the social realities of a historical period of Iran and Egypt and revealed the internal and external world of low level people of their societies. Reflection of poverty and injustice, emphasis on individual battle and seeking justice of the society’s hero, partly outstanding role of woman, studying the realistic and naturalistic styles and symbolism feature of both novels are among the subjects which have been dealt in analytical study of these two novels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Determining the desertification intensity based on spectral indices using Sentinel-2 images (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan province)
Farhad Zolfaghari Vahideh AbdollahiBackground and Objective Different vegetation covers have different albedo levels. On the other hand, surface albedo is one of the most important components of surface radiation balance, which can be used to identify severely degraded and desertified regions. Vegetation MoreBackground and Objective Different vegetation covers have different albedo levels. On the other hand, surface albedo is one of the most important components of surface radiation balance, which can be used to identify severely degraded and desertified regions. Vegetation can be considered as one of the most important key components in arid regions to reduce the effects of erosion and desertification due to the effects of vegetation for land surface stability. Expansion of desertification and also changes in vegetation cover, could be change the surface Albedo. The purpose of this study is to determine the desertification intensity based on spectral indices, Albedo, Topsoil Grain Size Index (TGSI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using remote sensing technology. Identification the damaged areas with the lowest cost in the shortest time, using Sentinel-2 images with a spatial resolution of 10 meters is one of the objectives of this study. Also, this study will introduce the best indicator for monitoring desertification intensity in arid regions for the first time in the Sistan and Baluchestan region based on spectral indices using Sentinel-2 images.Materials and Methods The following steps were performed to evaluate the intensity of desertification and identify the appropriate indicator in order to mapping the desertification intensity: 1) Selection the images and perform image preprocessing operations using SNAP software; 2) Calculation of TGSI, NDVI and Albedo indices; 3) Investigation the correlation between indices using SPSS®24 software. 4) Preparation of desertification intensity map of the region and obtaining the equation of desertification intensity using ArcGIS®10.3 software. In the first step of this research, Sentinel-2A satellite data related to MSIL-1C sensor was selected on August 20, 2020. The images were selected in such a way that the growing season of the plants is not annual and temporary, and also the day was selected when there is no cloud cover. The required images were downloaded and used from the URL address: http://scihub.copernicus.eu/. Results and Discussion The results of linear regression between NDVI and Albedo indices showed that, these two indices had negative correlation, and the correlation coefficient in Souran and Zabol was 0.76 and 0.63, respectively. The results showed that with increasing NDVI, decreased of the albedo index occurred. Also, the results of linear regression model showed strong and positive relationship between TGSI and Albedo indices, as the correlation coefficient of Souran and Zabol was 0.78 and 0.81, respectively. The results showed that the TGSI and the albedo simultaneously decreased or increased. Desertification intensity in the study areas was determined based on the equation I= a × Index ± Albedo and also by using Natural Breaks (Jenks) method in ArcGIS software, desertification intensity of study areas classified to 5 degrees, 1. Without desertification, 2. Low desertification, 3. Moderate desertification, 4. Severe desertification, and 5. Extremely desertification. In this study Albedo, NDVI and TGSI indices were extracted based on Sentinel-2 satellite data. The results of linear regression between NDVI and Albedo showed that there is strong negative relationship between these indices that was consistent with the results of similar studies. The high and negative correlation, means that any increase in the vegetation cover will lead to decrease the Albedo. On the other hands the areas with high Albedo, indicate degradation of vegetation cover and bare soil. In the regions with sever desertification intensity, the value of surface Albedo was high and the vegetation cover was low. Classification of desertification intensity in Sistan region based on Albedo-NDVI model showed that 27.73% of the area were in the class of without desertification intensity, 18.03% in the low class, 32.92% in the moderate class, 20.3% were in the severe class and only 1.02% of the area were in the very severe desertification intensity class. Also, the classification of desertification intensity in Souran based on Albedo-NDVI model showed 4.82% of the area without desertification, 8.44% in low class, 50.97% in moderate class, 34.48% in severe class and 1.3% of the area were in very severe desertification class. The highest percentage of desertification intensity of the area were in the moderate class. The results of linear regression between TGSI and Albedo indices also showed that there is a positive and strong relationship between these indices. The results showed that the relationship between TGSI and Albedo indices was stronger than the relationship between NDVI and Albedo indices and in both regions the correlation coefficient was higher. One of the main reasons for this is the dispersion of vegetation cover in arid areas. The relationship between TGSI and Albedo better shows the spatial characteristics of vegetation-free areas as well as areas with very low vegetation cover to determine the intensity of desertification. The TGSI index reflects the coarse particle size of the topsoil, which has a positive relationship with the fine sand content of the topsoil. Whatever the larger particle size of the topsoil, will have the greater desertification intensity. In the areas where the content of fine sand in the topsoil is high, the high range of TGSI index will be seen.Conclusion In this study, using Sentinel-2 multispectral images and remote sensing technique, we extracted the intensity of desertification in different arid regions of the Sistan and Baluchestan province, for the first time in Iran. Based on the spectral reflection that occurred from the ground and the spatial resolution of 10 meters, we studied the intensity of desertification in two areas. Based on the results of this research, we suggest to use the combination of Albedo-NDVI and Albedo-TGSI models in order to monitoring the desertification intensity in arid regions of Iran. The results of this study showed that areas without desertification and low intensity of desertification are better identified based on Albedo-TGSI model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The study on Springtails in west part of Iran with new records for Iranian fauna
T. Moradi R. Vafaie M. Kahrarian Amir Mohseni AminThe results of Collembola fauna are much poorer in western part of Iran. In this study 13 different habitat types and 37 sampling areas of Lorestan province (Western Iran) were selected for studding on Collembolan's fauna during 2016-2017. Totally, 24 species of springt MoreThe results of Collembola fauna are much poorer in western part of Iran. In this study 13 different habitat types and 37 sampling areas of Lorestan province (Western Iran) were selected for studding on Collembolan's fauna during 2016-2017. Totally, 24 species of springtails from 18 genera and 8 families were recorded in this study. The species Ceratophysella cf. borealis, Desoria neglecta, and Dicyrtoma grinbergsi are new record for the Iranian fauna. Also three genera; Pseudachorutes, Xenylla and Anurophorus with the species Anurophorus coiffaiti, Ceratophysella gibosa, Sphaeridia pumilis and Dicyrtoma ghilarovi are new for the west part of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of geomechanical parameters of material and rock mass, asmari Formation (Case study: Khersan dam-3 site)
mojtaba Nouri sartangi Gholamreza Lashkaripour Nasser Hafezi Moqadas Mohammad Ghafouri Hossein SadeghiEstimation of resistance parameters of rock mass is one of the most important engineering problems of rock.The study of geomechanical parameters and, finally, the classification of rock masses in the feasibility phase and the initial design of a project, which has very MoreEstimation of resistance parameters of rock mass is one of the most important engineering problems of rock.The study of geomechanical parameters and, finally, the classification of rock masses in the feasibility phase and the initial design of a project, which has very little comprehensive information on the geotechnical properties of rock masses, the amount of stress and the available hydrological characteristics, The main purpose of using a classification system is to classify the parameters and, using their results, provide the nature of the rock mass and its engineering behavior in different conditions. Since rock mass specifications are in the design of drilling, design of retainers, tilt design and other requirements. On this basis, it was considered necessary to obtain the resistance parameters of Khersan 3 Dam site so that, by analyzing these data, the stability of the tunnel, the geomechanical classification of rock mass using the RMR, QI, GSI method can be calculated and the relationship between rock mass resistivity parameters Compare the modulus of elasticity and deformation from different relationships and compare each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of immediate roof’s GSI variations effects on periodic roof weighting interval of underground coal mines By Numerical method
اصغر Nourozi کاظم Ouroei مهرداد Javadi کامران GoshtasbiNowadays, the longwall mining method is one of the most usage methods in coal mining. Estimating of periodic roof weighting interval in longwall methods is one of the most importantparameters in safety and success of coal mines production. Because, selecting of a length MoreNowadays, the longwall mining method is one of the most usage methods in coal mining. Estimating of periodic roof weighting interval in longwall methods is one of the most importantparameters in safety and success of coal mines production. Because, selecting of a lengths lessthan real size can hazard the miners’ life by electing a weak support system and also selectingthe lengths more than real size constrain further costs to mine. In other hand, discontinuitiesof roof have negative effects to stability of immediate roof. In this research, equation betweenperiodic roof weighting interval and GSI variations is extracted by numerical modeling. Toevaluating this equation, the roof weighting interval of ten coal mines of India is considered.The results show that, the roof weighting interval of India’s coal mines and the results of thisequation are properly same together. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Assessment and Improving Methods of Reliability Indices in Bakhtar Regional Electricity Company
Saeed Shahrezaei Ali Asghar Ghadimi Majid Gandomkar Majid Moazzami Sanaz Shaheidari Ali Reza Afshari MoghadamReliability of a system is the ability of a system to do prospected duties in future and the probability of desirable operation for doing predetermined duties. Power system elements failures data are the main data of reliability assessment in the network. Determining an MoreReliability of a system is the ability of a system to do prospected duties in future and the probability of desirable operation for doing predetermined duties. Power system elements failures data are the main data of reliability assessment in the network. Determining antiseptic parameters is the goal of reliability assessment by using system history data. These parameters help to recognize week points of the system. In other words, the goal of reliability assessment is operation improving and decreasing of the failures and power outages. This paper is developed to assess reliability indices of Bakhtar Regional Electricity Company up to 1393 and the improving methods and their effects on the reliability indices in this network. DIgSILENT Power Factory software is employed for simulation. Simulation results show the positive effect of improving methods in reliability indices of Bakhtar Regional Electricity Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Engineering geological assessment of the Shahid dam site (Semirom, Iran)
Mojtaba Rahimi Shahid Fariba Kargaran bafghi Seyed Mehdi Moosavi Nima Rahimi -
Open Access Article
9 - Study and comparison of some characters of reproductive biology of two relative species : Barbus barbulus, Barbus pectoralis
A. Vosooghi S. M. Ghafari Gh. MohamadiThis study was carried out from December 2007 to November 2008 in Karoon River in Khuzestan province. From the total number of 578 specimen 53, 58 were females and males respectively, and 125 specimen were immature (Barbus barbulus) besides 51,62 were males and females, MoreThis study was carried out from December 2007 to November 2008 in Karoon River in Khuzestan province. From the total number of 578 specimen 53, 58 were females and males respectively, and 125 specimen were immature (Barbus barbulus) besides 51,62 were males and females, and 229 were immature (Barbus pectoralis). Samples were caught by cast nets and fixed gill nets. Total length, age, sex, and maturity of these fishes were determined. Lenght range of B.pectoralis was 945-200 mm and their weight ranged was 11170-52gr. B.barbulus range was 885-230 in length and 8460-99 gr in weight. Spawning season of B.pectoralis is determined by using the GSI obtained ,and the analasys of information shows it is the February (Bahman) and for B.barbulus is in March (Esfand) in Shushtar staition. LM50 of male and female of B.barbulus is determined 45-50cm, 50-55 cm respectively. This was identified for B.pectoralis male and female 35-40 cm and 50-55 cm respectively. First maturity of male and female of B.pectoralis observed at 35-40 cm and 40-45 respectively. This was identified for B.barbulus male and female 30-35 cm, 40-45 cm respectively . Maturity age of male and female of B.pectoralis is determined 3+, 4- respectively. This was identified for male and female of B.barbulus 2+, 3- respectively. Sex ratio of B.pectoralis and B.barbulus is determined using chi square test,those are identified (male/female) as 1/1:1 and 1:1 respectively. Conclusively these species were separated form each other previously so they are independent now. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Reviewing and analyzing the story elements of Tangsir Sadegh Chubak’s novel Based on the classic and modern elements story writing
ali keshavarz gadimi javad taheri lida namdarThe modern novel is a new form of writing that always seeks to find emotions, vague mental impressions and the escape of people and then convey them from an objective and impartial point of view that belongs neither to the narrator nor to the reader. A writing that lack MoreThe modern novel is a new form of writing that always seeks to find emotions, vague mental impressions and the escape of people and then convey them from an objective and impartial point of view that belongs neither to the narrator nor to the reader. A writing that lacks transparency, explanation of values, principles of traditional order, humanitarian descriptions, politics, etc. Factors such as uncertainty, absence of cause and effect relationships, presentation of new topics, defamiliarization of traditional concepts of the text, ambiguity and complexity, serious presence of the reader are the components that exist in the structure of this new literary form, some of which can be compared in Tangsir's novel. Sadegh is Chobak. In a way, Chubak's language and writing in Tangsir is intended to create a new concept that has a mixed approach to challenge the originality of the traditional language. Chobek's unique form and techniques in Tangsir, including mixed time, linear and discrete plot, multi-instrumental beginning, closed ending, evolved characters, presenting a new concept, monologues are components that can be used in two classical and modern story structures. compared writing. The purpose of this research is to compare the modern and classic novel components in Tangsir Sadeq Chubak in a descriptive-analytical way and in a library way. The findings of the research show that Chubak is a modernist writer because he was able to present a new form of writing that was unprecedented until then with the influence of the modern literature of the world and his inherent genius. Also, the findings of his research show that Chubak sometimes used composite time in the novel Tangsir and brought it close to the flow of the mind, which is a completely new method, and he even tried to break the linear pattern in parts of the novel and make it discrete and Provide art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Matching The Components of Naturalism With Works of Sadegh Choubak
Latifeh Salamat Bavil Fattaneh GhomlaghiSadegh Choubak is an author who describes the life of the lower classes of society in his books. He uses the language and tune them to illustrate the bitter realities of their ugly life with extreme details and attention. His realistic view of life depicts a world of mi MoreSadegh Choubak is an author who describes the life of the lower classes of society in his books. He uses the language and tune them to illustrate the bitter realities of their ugly life with extreme details and attention. His realistic view of life depicts a world of miserable people - who have no choice over their lives- for the readers. The school of naturalism considers nature as a primary concept which concerns every event in the world. After a little time excitement in the behavior of followers of this school overcomes imposed censorships and expresses the ugliness and disasters of the society in which no other author had mentioned before him. Sadegh Choubak as a naturalistic writer has utilized these disorders to the advantage of his works. this article, Reviews the impact of naturalism on his works with an analytical – descriptive method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Determination of Composite System Adequacy Equivalents Using a Reduction Technique: a Case Study on a Regional Electric Company
Reza Keypour Hessam Golmohamadi M. S. Jahan Saeed Saeedi Asghar Akhundi
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