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Open Access Article
1 - Harry Gordon Frankfurt on Love
ندا مسلمی مالک حسینیHarry Frankfurt construes a different conception of love. He does notrecognize love as a response to the perceived worth of the beloved,because one may love something with no value at all. In contrast to thecommon belief that only valuable things are to be loved, Frankf MoreHarry Frankfurt construes a different conception of love. He does notrecognize love as a response to the perceived worth of the beloved,because one may love something with no value at all. In contrast to thecommon belief that only valuable things are to be loved, Frankfurtargues that we, by loving anything we want, make valuable what welove. Anything we love will necessarily be valuable to us because welove it. Frankfurt believes self-love to be the purest form of love. Weall see self-love as one of the goods that we care about. Love has fourmain necessary features. First, love is a disinterested concern for thewell-being of what is loved. Second, love is personal and there cannotbe an alternative for the beloved. Third, the lover identifies her or himwith her or his beloved; that is, they take the interests of their belovedas their own. Finally, love requires volitional necessities and we cannotchoose what to love. By loving we always pursue the final end, an endwhich has intrinsic value for us; it is valuable for its own sake, andthat’s why we always know which way to take and which desires tofollow. With love; then, we will not be affected with mental confusion;instead, we will feel a sense of freedom. The present article discussesHarry Frankfurt̉ s view on concept, significance and characteristics oflove. In spite of having a description format, the article includes inconclusion critics on Frankfurt̉ s view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Meaning of life in the Shahriar's Poems and the Frankel's Thought
Azizeh YousefiShahriar is one of the great poets in the history of Iranian literature and Culture, different dimensions of his poetry be noticed during his life and after his death. whose poems are his biography. Psychological and philosophical schools have discussed the issue of mea MoreShahriar is one of the great poets in the history of Iranian literature and Culture, different dimensions of his poetry be noticed during his life and after his death. whose poems are his biography. Psychological and philosophical schools have discussed the issue of meaning in human life from different perspectives. In this study, the ways that Shahriar gives meaning to life have been studied according to Frankl's attitude in a library method. The aim of this study was to study the meaning-giving strategies to life in Shahriar's poems and in Frankel's theory of semantics. The present research has been show that Shahriar has given meaning to his life to cope with failures through love, poetic creativity and enduring suffering and he has avoided despair. During his hard life, Shahriar presented his views to give meaning to life without wanting to theorize them. Views that have in common with Frankel's ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Autobiographical features in the book "Days" by Taha Hossein
Fatemeh Gosheh neshinAutobiography is one of the newest literary techniques that Arab writers are familiar with it. This art has a special position in contemporary culture and society. Autobiography is an independent genre of literary types that arouses human curiosity in discovering the ob MoreAutobiography is one of the newest literary techniques that Arab writers are familiar with it. This art has a special position in contemporary culture and society. Autobiography is an independent genre of literary types that arouses human curiosity in discovering the obvious and hidden aspects of the author's life. The author of the autobiography deals with a variety of topics, including personal, emotional, social, cultural, and political issues, and in each of these areas, expresses his views, thoughts, and tendencies. The book "Days" is an interesting example of an autobiographical art that has caused many controversies. Some believe that "Days" is a novel and others consider it a combination of novel and autobiography. This article examines the features of autobiography through content analysis to discover the truth. As it is common in autobiography, Taha Hussein wrote his own life story and followed the technical order of writing. In an interview with Raymond Francis, he stated that "Days" is his own life story. The author believes that the book "Al-Ayam" is one of the most beautiful works of autobiography, but at the same time, Taha Hussein did not observe some conditions for writing it. As if he has not stated his purpose for writing his biography. Or that he is bound by honesty and frankness in expressing past events, but in expressing emotional issues, he has used wise frankness or rationality in honesty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Analysis of Shafii Kadkanii’s Poetry in the Light of Critical Aesthetics of Frankfurt School
Arezoo Hoseinpor Kamran Pashaei Fakhrei Parvaneh AdelzadehPersian contemporary literature is unique in the history of Iranian literature cosidering its deep social and political views and the diversity of its anthropological approach. The writers and poets of this era along with the other members of society criticesed th MorePersian contemporary literature is unique in the history of Iranian literature cosidering its deep social and political views and the diversity of its anthropological approach. The writers and poets of this era along with the other members of society criticesed the ugly aspects of society, and literature, which had been unable to criticise due to social hierachies prior to that time, was acting like a weapon to gain freedom as an efficient tool to express political and social criticisim. M. Reza Shafi Kadkani is an eminent contemporary poet and has mixed Nimaii poem with a social commitment and critical view. Critical theory has become more scientific and concentrated with the advent of Frankfurt school. The present study aims to analyse the poems of Shafi Kadkani based on the theory of Critical aesthetics of Frankfurt School. The approach, taken by Shafii, toward the quality of the link between art and society, is critical. According to Frankfurt school, this approach is quite observable in the genuine modern art. In accorandance with this appraoch, the modern art, needles to be inferiorized to depict the social realities and trapped in the extremist entertainment, denies the status qua indirectly. Based on the results, in the poems of Shafii , the interrelation of critical art to society appears in the best possible way. Criticisim utilizing certain ways such as naturalism, symbolism, certain critical contexts and ..etc is salient in his art. In addition to these critical concepts in his poems, it has given an ability to criticize his poems politically as well as socially. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Study of Narrative Time in the Novel Frānkenštāin fī Baghdād (Frankenstein in Baghdad) based on the model of Gerard Genet
Foad Abdollahzadeh Isa Zare Dorninani Abdolbaset Arab Yosouf Abadi Mohammad YaghobiTime has the most obvious function to improve the structure of the story among the constituent elements of the story. Gerard Genet, as one of the theorists in this field, provided a clear theoretical framework for evaluating and analyzing the element of time in the stor MoreTime has the most obvious function to improve the structure of the story among the constituent elements of the story. Gerard Genet, as one of the theorists in this field, provided a clear theoretical framework for evaluating and analyzing the element of time in the story. Genet believes that in analyzing narrative time and comparing it with calendar time, three important categories such as order, continuity and frequency should be analyzed in order to extract and evaluate the most important narrative techniques used in each work of fiction. Ahmad Saadawi's novel Frānkenštāin fī Baghdād (Frankenstein in Baghdad) is a suitable novel for analysis based on the Genet model due to its great emphasis on time. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt is made to investigate the element of time in the novel "Frankenstein in Baghdad" based on the descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of discovering the salient aspects of time turbulence in post-modern novels. The results show that the widespread use of retrospectives, negative accelerations and positive accelerations, has caused irregularity and discontinuity in the narrative time of "Frankenstein in Baghdad". This sometimes confuses the reader in the story, which of course is one of the features of postmodern stories, and Ahmad Saadawi has been able to make good use of this techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Asylum as a protest; an analysis of the novel No Friend but the Mountains from the Perspective of Critical Aesthetic Theory
hamid moradi osman hedayatAbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimen MoreAbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimension. The achievement of the Frankfurt School is the "theory of critical aesthetics", which considers the original art to be independent and to reject and change the existing situation. The novel "No Friendship except Mountain" is based on a kind of critical realism that challenges power structures. The purpose of this study is to read the situation of immigration and asylum using Behrouz Buchani's novel "No Friend except the Mountain". Immigration and Asylum is a pretext for criticizing the current situation in liberal-democratic countries, which tries to narrate the situation of "Manus" prison by using the method of expression and protest tone and the use of symbols and metaphors. This challenges the emergence of new forms of capitalism and colonialism that manifest themselves in the refugee subject and refugee status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The political Structure of the shahnameh in the political thought of the Frankfurt school
mandana alimi SARA javid mozafariAccording to Habermas's theoretical framework, from the "relation of political thought to the course of the history of Western political thought", thought and politics in the classical period and in the Aristotelian tradition are intertwined around the concept of "happi MoreAccording to Habermas's theoretical framework, from the "relation of political thought to the course of the history of Western political thought", thought and politics in the classical period and in the Aristotelian tradition are intertwined around the concept of "happiness" because thought defines and Politics realizes the concept of happiness. Whereas in modern thought, in the Hobbesian tradition, ethics and politics are separated. In fact, the objective of the political structure of the Shahnameh is to make citizens happy as well as to create a foundation for security and the realization of welfare; By this description, in the framework of Habermas's theory ،this article argues that in the minds of Frankfurt school thinkers, thought and politics, like the classical tradition, can provide the concept of religious and scientific welfare, prosperity, justice, security, and assistance to the needy, which is the "virtue ethic".Machiavelli's "political ideas" and Moore's "social order" are not explained by the "virtuous" life of citizens. The question of these modern thinkers, unlike classical thinkers, is not the question of the moral condition of "the good life", but the question of the real conditions of survival. That's Moore's point. With this explanation, one can examine the gap between communicative rationality versus instrumental rationality according to Frankfurt in the political structure of the Shahnameh. This school leads us to "social consensus" and considers achieving liberation from worldly possessions as objective reason. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A comparative comparison of meaning of suffering in the thought of Victor Frankl and Rumi
Shabnam Ghadiri yeganeh Ismail Azar sara ZirakThe concept of suffering is intertwined with human life and is an integral part of the material world. Every human being somehow tastes the bitter taste of pain and suffering destined for him. Understanding what suffering is and what it means is at the heart of the rese MoreThe concept of suffering is intertwined with human life and is an integral part of the material world. Every human being somehow tastes the bitter taste of pain and suffering destined for him. Understanding what suffering is and what it means is at the heart of the research in the thought of Victor Frankl, the founder of the theory of meaning therapy, and Rumi, a seventh-century mystic. By enduring suffering in Nazi concentration camps, Dr. Frankel made a meaningful view of suffering one of the cornerstones of meaning therapy. He believes that one of the ways to give meaning to life is to understand the meaning of inevitable suffering and believes that attitudinal values make it easier to accept and endure suffering. Rumi is also a mystic who is aware of the psychological realm of human existence. He faces many sufferings in life and expresses the meanings of destined suffering and sorrow with an existential and philosophical worldview. According to him, existence is mixed with inevitable sufferings, but with a closer look, one can understand the esoteric meaning of sufferings. If a person understands this meaning, he will accept the sufferings and will not be impatient. Findings show that both thinkers have the same developmental view of suffering and consider human suffering to include concepts and meanings, but in the works of Rumi there are more components of meaningful suffering and allegorical meanings for the meanings of suffering. More has been said. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Cognitive analysis of self-awareness of a healthy personality based on Viktor Frankl's theory: a case study of the novels of Savushun and Anna Karenina
Fatemeh Yahoseini Moosavi Soheyla mousavisirjani Afsaneh lotfiazimi A healthy personality always seeks to find a purpose to give meaning to his life. In Viktor Frankl's theory of meaning therapy, the meaningfulness of a healthy human life is described in the light of the following characteristics: freedom of will and awakening, se More A healthy personality always seeks to find a purpose to give meaning to his life. In Viktor Frankl's theory of meaning therapy, the meaningfulness of a healthy human life is described in the light of the following characteristics: freedom of will and awakening, sense of responsibility, will directed towards meaning, love, wise tolerance of suffering, search for meaning, the answer to conscience and religious belief. Self-awareness, which means that a person is aware of himself, is one of the important components in Frankel's theory of meaning therapy. In meaning therapy, a person who is searching for meaning is faced with being responsible and aware. Novels such as Savushun Simin Daneshvar and Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy can examine the self-awareness of a healthy character and can be analyzed from a psychological point of view. In this research, by using the descriptive-analytical method, the psychological investigation of the novels of Savushun and Anna Karenina was done with an emphasis on Frankel's theory. And the question has been answered whether the characters of these novels have the characteristics of a healthy person according to Frankel or not. The findings of the research show that Yusuf (the main character of the novel) is a self-aware person in Savushun And self-awareness directly causes characteristics such as awakening, love, self-sufficiency, and responsible to appear in him. Zari (another main character of the novel) also comes to self-awareness after the events that happen to her, and the characteristics of a healthy personality appear in her. In Anna Karenina, Levin comes to self-knowledge as a result of events in his life together, and the traits of a healthy personality are manifested in him. Based on this and according to the basic issue of this research, it seems that the characteristics of the heroes of the novel are compatible with what Frankel defined (except for self-sufficiency). Of course, self-sufficiency can be considered a sub-component of responding to the call of conscience according to Frankel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The meaning of life in the works of Leo Tolstoy and the meaning therapy of Victor Frankl
Fatemeh Yahoseini Mousavi Soheyla mousavisirjani Afsaneh lotfiazimiIn this article, we have described the characteristics of a healthy personality bystudying the perspective of Victor Frankl, the founder of the school of “logotherapy”,and adapting it to four Tolstoy novels. Just like Frankl, Tolstoy seeks to define andexpla MoreIn this article, we have described the characteristics of a healthy personality bystudying the perspective of Victor Frankl, the founder of the school of “logotherapy”,and adapting it to four Tolstoy novels. Just like Frankl, Tolstoy seeks to define andexplain a kind of self-awareness by depicting one's relationship to himself in the firstplace, and then to determine a healthy personality in the school of psychotherapy. Inprogressive research, we have achieved a literary expression of the effect of the valueof life on a healthy personality by analyzing the behaviors and actions of the maincharacters of the novels and adapting them to the characteristics that Frankel hadmentioned about the value of life (work, love, suffering, guilt, morbidity, andreligion). To answer the question of what specific features are present in the maincharacters of Tolstoy's novels that are compatible and overlap with the main featuresof Frankl's intended healthy human being, we have found out that the threefold valuesare more manifested in the characters of Anna Karenina, than in the other novels. InResurrection, Sergei's father and the Death of Ivan Illich, attitude values are moreprominent, and despite the occurrence of sequential events, some dynamic charactersbecome better characters with healthy personalities over time. Accordingly, and withregard to the fundamental issue in progressive research, the characteristics of thenovel's protagonists seem to be consistent with what Frankel has defined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - dentify the components of philosophical thought in terms of Frankel and Russell and providing the pattern of education of philosophical thought for the teachers of Secondary School khoy city
Hamid Reza Rezazadeh Bahadoran azam farhadi ali akbar khosro babadiThe present study was to identify the components of philosophical thought in terms of Frankel and Russell and providing the pattern of education of philosophical thought for the teachers of Secondary School was done. The method of research type of studies is mixed. MoreThe present study was to identify the components of philosophical thought in terms of Frankel and Russell and providing the pattern of education of philosophical thought for the teachers of Secondary School was done. The method of research type of studies is mixed. In part, qualitative methods, codecategories, inductive and in the little part also of the methods of inferential statistics exploratory factor analysis, and factor analysis confirmation for the second order method, the maximum true exponential was used.The statistical population of the research, in part, qualitatively, include all documents the national and international relevant and in the quantitative section consists of all teachers of high schools of Khoy city to the number of 1056 people.Examples of research in the section quality include all documents and evidence relevant is available to the researcher was the sample size in the quantitative section, according to the method of analysis and using the method of multistage cluster sampling., the 228 was estimated that included 118 male and 110 female.In this study, 6 components, as the main components of philosophical thought (meditation, flexibility, interactivity, curiosity, personality unity, meaning) of Frankel and Russell, respectively. Results at the level of analysis of the questions showed that all the questions with components of their load factor reasonable.The results of the analysis, drag the fitting the optimal design model with the experimental data was considered the structures of philosophical thought in the questions and also on the level of components was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Analysis of social trust status and its dimensions Among the students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran
Somayeh Tajik EsmaeiliThe present study was designed and conducted to analyze the status of social trust and its dimensions among students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.The research method is descriptive and is a questionnaire with survey technique and measurement tool. For this p MoreThe present study was designed and conducted to analyze the status of social trust and its dimensions among students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.The research method is descriptive and is a questionnaire with survey technique and measurement tool. For this purpose, a sample of 400 people from all students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 1398 (282,515 people) was selected and the 25-item "Social Trust" questionnaire of Saffarinia and Sharif (2010), including five indicators of honesty, frankness, cooperative tendencies, Confidence and trust, adapted from Johnson's theory, responded. Analysis of the research data showed that the general status of "cooperative tendencies" in the studied students was evaluated with an average of 3.90 above average and high. The overall status of "frankness" with an average of 3.34 slightly above average (3), the general status of "honesty" with an average of 3.07 on average, the general status of "confidence" with an average of 2.95 in the average of 3 have been seen and evaluated. The overall status of social trust was observed by the students with an average of 3.38 above average.Findings also indicate that only in "trust" of the indicators of social trust between male and female students is seen a significant difference (sig <0.05), trust in male students was higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Theory of sociological critical theories of literature with emphasis on the sociological approaches to Reading, Formative constructivism, the Frankfurt School and Pierre Bourdieu's method
Asgar Asgari Hasanaklou Arezou ShahbaziSociology is a science that deals with human and its communication insociety. Culture is a production of social relations and literature is one ofthese cultural phenomena, and creator of literary work is illustrator of thesociety in his artwork. When we deal with the re MoreSociology is a science that deals with human and its communication insociety. Culture is a production of social relations and literature is one ofthese cultural phenomena, and creator of literary work is illustrator of thesociety in his artwork. When we deal with the relationship betweensociety and literature, we come into the field of sociology of literature.Sociological criticism of literature is one of the relatively new disciplinesof literary criticism that has a long history. At the beginning of thenineteenth century, Ipoliten Tan and Madame Doustal published the firsttwo books on the sociology of literature. With the advent of Karl Marx,these studies have come to life again, with many theorists still influencedby his ideas. The purpose of this article is to examine the historical courseof the sociological critique of literature with emphasis on the sociology ofreading, developmental constructivism, the Frankfurt School, and PierreBourdieu's theory. The method in the article is studying works of thetheoreticians by library method, as well as analyzing their theories. Thereason for choosing these four methods in the sociology of literature isthe importance and influence that these methods have had on the analysisof literary and artistic works but remains ignored by scholars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of warm-smoking on total microbial count of meat products
افشین Javadi حمید Mirzaii پیام Pashak The frankfurters are amongst the most famous and popular sausages in the world and beef and poultry meat are used in Iran for their preparation. The techniques of warm smoking at 42°c for two hours and then hot smoking together with steam cooking More The frankfurters are amongst the most famous and popular sausages in the world and beef and poultry meat are used in Iran for their preparation. The techniques of warm smoking at 42°c for two hours and then hot smoking together with steam cooking at 8°c for one hour are utilized in proportion of this product. In spite of its carcinogenic properties, smoke is used to create color, flavor and odor and to improve the preservative qualities of sausages. In this study, 14 sausage samples were taken from each of the stages of frankfurter production line including pre-smoking, post- warm smoking and post-hot smoking, their total microbial counts (aerobic mesophiles) determined and the means of the three stages compared using the ANOVA statistical test. The results indicated that the total microbial count increased significantly (P<0.05) during warm smoking compared to the pre-smoking stage and a subsequent significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed during the hot smoking stage but there was no significant difference after the hot smoking stage in comparison to the pre smoking stage. Although there are antimicrobial compounds in smoke, it seems that these compounds are not absorbed by the product during warm smoking at 42°c which is the optimum temperature for microbial growth and therefore the total microbial count increases during this stage but hot smoking at 80°c decreases the total microbial count. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - اثر تجویز صمغ گیاه کندر (Boswellia serrata Triana & Planch) در دوره شیردهی بر مورفولوژی نورون های هیپوکامپی موالید موش صحرایی
محمد حسینی شریف آباد ابراهیم اسفندیاریمقدمه و هدف: کندر صمغ گونه­ Boswellia serrata است که طی سالیان دراز در طب سنتی برای افزایش حافظه افراد مسن و نیز مادران باردار برای افزایش هوش و حافظه فرزندان خود تجویز می شده است. با این حال تاکنون مستندات علمی اندکی در این رابطه موجود است. در این مطالعه با استفاده Moreمقدمه و هدف: کندر صمغ گونه­ Boswellia serrata است که طی سالیان دراز در طب سنتی برای افزایش حافظه افراد مسن و نیز مادران باردار برای افزایش هوش و حافظه فرزندان خود تجویز می شده است. با این حال تاکنون مستندات علمی اندکی در این رابطه موجود است. در این مطالعه با استفاده از مدل حیوانی موش بزرگ آزمایشگاهی(رت)، تغییرات مورفولوژیکی نورون­های هیپوکامپوس که مرکز مهم مغزی در روند یادگیری و حافظه می باشد متعاقب تجویز مادری کندر در سه هفته دوره شیردهی بررسی شد. روش تحقیق: موش­های صحرایی نر دو ماهه نژاد ویستار که به مادران آن­ها در دوره شیردهی به­مدت سه هفته به­صورت روزانه mg/kg100 عصاره آبی کندر خورانده شده بود را عمیقاً بی­هوش کرد و با تزریق محلول ثابت کننده از راه قلب، مغز را ثابت نموده و از جمجمه خارج گردید. سپس آن را به دو نیم­کره تقسیم نموده و نیم­کره راست برای مطالعه مورفومتری انتخاب و مقاطع عرضی از کل هیپوکامپوس بریده شد. تعداد انشعابات و قطعات دندریتی با استفاده از روش Sholl شمرده شد. نتایج و بحث: تحلیل آماری داده­ها نشان داد که تجویز کندر در دوره شیردهی تعداد قطعات و انشعابات دندریتی سلول­های هرمی شاخ آمون هیپوکامپوس موالید رت را افزایش می دهد. اما تفاوت معنی داری از لحاظ طول دندریت سلول­های هرمی در گروه­های آزمایش و شاهد وجود نداشت. بر اساس این یافته ها پیشنهاد می­شود که تجویز مادری کندر در دوره شیردهی، شاخه های دندریتی در هیپوکامپوس را افزایش می­دهد و می­توان نتیجه گرفت که چنین تغییرات مورفولوژیکی منجر به افزایش تعداد تماس­های سیناپسی می­شود و این یکی از مبانی افزایش حافظه به دلیل تجویز کندر را فراهم می کند. توصیه کاربردی /صنعتی: با توجه به یافته های این مطالعه و سایر مطالعات پیشین ما مبنی بر تأثیر مصرف کندر در فراهم نمودن بستر مورفولوژیکی لازم برای افزایش قوای یادگیری و حافظه پیشنهاد می گردد این ماده و مشتقاتش در تحقیقات نوروفیزیولوژیک مورد ارزیابی بیشتر قرار گیرد و نتایج آن در پیش­گیری یا بهبود بیماری­های دژنراتیو عصبی که منجر به فراموشی می شود استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - بررسی رشد گیاه پوششی فرانکینیا (Frankenia thymifolia ) تحت تنش خشکی در بسترهای کشت و رژیم های متفاوت آبیاری
محسن مجیدی علی محمدی ترکاشوند راحله ابراهیمی در میان مجموعه غنی از گیاهان پوششی، گیاهانی یافت می­شوند که می­توانند جایگزین چمن شوند و می­توان آن­ها را برای جاهایی که چمن با شکست مواجه شده و یا مراقبت از آن دردسرساز بوده در نظر گرفت. گیاهان پوششی راه حلی آشکار برای این مکان­ها می­باشند More در میان مجموعه غنی از گیاهان پوششی، گیاهانی یافت می­شوند که می­توانند جایگزین چمن شوند و می­توان آن­ها را برای جاهایی که چمن با شکست مواجه شده و یا مراقبت از آن دردسرساز بوده در نظر گرفت. گیاهان پوششی راه حلی آشکار برای این مکان­ها می­باشند که شاخص­ترین این گیاهان شامل فرانکینیا، سدوم، دایکوندرا، لیزوماکیا، آرنیا، آپتنیا و غیره... می­باشد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، استفاده از ضایعات آلی، کودهای بیولوژیک و سوپر پلیمر‎های جاذب به منظور افزایش نگه داشت آب در خاک، تأخیر در نقطه پژمردگی دائم، کنترل تنش آبی و بهبود ظرفیت نگه داشت آب در بستر رشد گیاه فرانکینیا است. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی رشد گیاه فرانکینیا تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در سال 1396 تحت شرایط خارج از گلخانه و در محیط باز صورت گرفت. یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور، طراحی و اجرا گردید. فاکتور اول سه دوره آبیاری شامل 2 روز، 4 روز و 7 روز و فاکتور دوم پنج بستر کشت که شامل درصدهای متفاوتی از مواد تشکیل دهنده 1- بستر کشت شماره یک: شامل 90 درصد خاک زراعی + 10 درصد کود پوسیده دامی، 2- بستر کشت شماره دو: شامل 70 درصد خاک + 15 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 15 درصد ورمی کمپوست، 3- بستر کشت شماره سه: شامل 70 درصد خاک + 15 درصد کود پوسیده دامی+ 15 درصد ورمی کمپوست + یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپر جاذب استوکوزورب، 4- بستر کشت شماره چهار: شامل 50 درصد خاک + 25 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 25 درصد ورمی کمپوست، 5- بستر کشت شماره پنج: شامل 50 درصد خاک + 25 درصد کود پوسیده دامی + 25 درصد ورمی کمپوست+یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب می باشد. نشاهای گیاه فرانکینیا که در گلدان هایی با قطر دهانه 12و ارتفاع 15 سانتی متر از قبل ریشه دار شده بودند، به ترتیب در پلات های مستطیلی شکل به ابعاد 30 در 30 سانتی متر و به تعداد 6 عدد نشاء در هر پلات کاشته شد. صفات مورفولوژیکی شامل طول بلندترین شاخه، تعداد کل شاخه های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، میزان پرولین موجود در گیاه، میزان آب نسبی برگ و غلظت عناصر در اندام هوایی شامل پتاسیم، فسفر، آهن و روی اندازه­گیری شد. بسترهای کشت خاک از نظر pH، EC، کربن آلی، نیتروزن کل، نسبت C/N، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل جذب تجزیه شد.نتایج نشان داد که برای رشد بیشتر فرانکینیا، از مخلوط 50- 50 از خاک و مواد آلی (کود دامی پوسیده و ورمی­کمپوست) به عنوان بستر کاشت استفاده شود. با استفاده از یک گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپرجاذب رطوبت در بستر کشت بالا، در مقایسه با بستر شاهد (آبیاری 2 روز) می­توان دور آبیاری را به یک هفته افزایش داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - تریپسهای موجود روی گیاهان زینتی در محلات، استان مرکزی، ایران
مجید میراب بالو سید سعید مدرس نجف آبادی خشنود نورالهیانواع تریپس از روی گیاهان زینتی مختلف در سال 2014 از محلات (استان مرکزی)، ایران جمعآوری شد. در این مطالعه، 11 گونه در 6 جنس و 3 خانواده مختلف تایسانوپترا جمعآوری و شناسایی شد. نامهای علمی گونههای تریپس جمعآوری شده عبارتند از: Melanthrips knechteli, M. pallidior, F Moreانواع تریپس از روی گیاهان زینتی مختلف در سال 2014 از محلات (استان مرکزی)، ایران جمعآوری شد. در این مطالعه، 11 گونه در 6 جنس و 3 خانواده مختلف تایسانوپترا جمعآوری و شناسایی شد. نامهای علمی گونههای تریپس جمعآوری شده عبارتند از: Melanthrips knechteli, M. pallidior, Frankliniella intonsa, F. occidentalis, Microcephalothrips abdominalis, Tenothrips discolor, T. latoides, Thrips meridionalis, T. nigropilosus, T. tabaci, and Haplothrips reuteri . در بین این گونهها 7 گونه جدیدا در فون استان مرکزی به ثبت رسیدند. تعداد زیادی از دو گونهی زیانبار Thrips tabaciو occidentalis Frankliniella در همه گلها و گیاهان زینتی مشاهده شدند. در این مطالعه یک کلید شناسایی برای تریپسهای گیاهخوار بهدست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Self-transcendent Character of Kei Khosro; Based on the Theory of Viktor Frankl
Fariba Rezaeikhosravi Musa Parnian NASRIN REZAIE KHOSRAVILogos, a Greek word, literally means “meaning”. Logotherapy that is considered as the "Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy" puts an emphasis on meaning of man’s life and the search for meaning. According to the principles of Logotherapy, the search MoreLogos, a Greek word, literally means “meaning”. Logotherapy that is considered as the "Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy" puts an emphasis on meaning of man’s life and the search for meaning. According to the principles of Logotherapy, the search for meaning is the main derive during one’s life. The need for meaning is the most humane motive and undeniable fact in human life. Will to meaning is a general orientation that leads to self-realization and self-transcendence. Finding meaning in life is the goal of logotherapy; it reflects responsibility, freedom, and will to meaning and this is Frankl's interpretation of the modern existential analysis. Based on the Viktor Frankl's principle of meaning, the authors of the present article try to analyze the character of Kei Khosro as a self-transcendent individual. Kei Khosro is a character that has established the perfection of his own character based on the concept of will to meaning. In addition to self-knowledge, he tries to achieve his perfection and to fulfill his talents through the concepts such as freedom, choice, responsibility and spirituality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Forough Farroukhzad: The Poet of Emotion and Failure
A. Baghi Nezhad Perhaps in Persian literature Forough Farroukhzad is the first female poet who has spoken of her feminine emotions. Feelings have merged with her poetry, giving it a new and unprecedented potentiality. She, in her poetry, has made a great use of her feminine fee More Perhaps in Persian literature Forough Farroukhzad is the first female poet who has spoken of her feminine emotions. Feelings have merged with her poetry, giving it a new and unprecedented potentiality. She, in her poetry, has made a great use of her feminine feelings and skills. In this way, she has acquired a new poetic understanding and a specific language use as well. Forough gets the themes of her poetry from both the realities and her own life experiences. She has skillfully blended her own life story as a woman with those of every single woman in her native land. Shortly after accomplishing her first three works namely ASEER (the Captive), Esian (the Rebellion), and DIVAR (the Wall), she did manage to broaden her views and deepen her emotions and hereby made herself a great poet with humanistic desires. She can also be regarded as a social critic. Human beings in her poetry have feminine nature in general. Her poetry is full of sensibility and emotions bearing specific courage, frankness and sincerity. This article, while presenting some of her poems, tries to review the realization of emotions and feminine features in Forough Farroukhzad poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The myth of the mountain and the first woman climber Shahnameh
Ahmad Khatibi Delaram BaghdadiThis study, the myth of the mountain and spiritual connection to the world of the supernatural nature of this effect is magnificent.Sara and myth DPI ground, this will be reflected in his poems are beautiful. What the authors are trying to achieve it, according to the m MoreThis study, the myth of the mountain and spiritual connection to the world of the supernatural nature of this effect is magnificent.Sara and myth DPI ground, this will be reflected in his poems are beautiful. What the authors are trying to achieve it, according to the mythology of women in Shahnameh. Shahnameh epic poetry in addition to being one of the world's oldest and largest source Birding, hikers and mountain mythology identify who is in Iran, and indeed that is a library of climbing, in the course of the story of King FereydounThe researchmethod in this study, library and talk to analytical method is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Determination of Soil Salinity in Frankenia hirsuta L. Habitat (Case Study: Saline and Alkaline Rangelands of Golestan Province)
Ghasem Ali Abarsaji Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
22 - Enhancing Big Data Governance Framework Implementation Using Novel Fuzzy Frank Operators: An Application to MADM Process
Hamza Iftikhar Faisal MehmoodIn today's data-driven landscape, to ensure continuous survival and betterment, the implementation of a robust Big Data Governance Framework (BDGF) is imperative for organizations to effectively manage and harness the potential of their vast data resources. The BD MoreIn today's data-driven landscape, to ensure continuous survival and betterment, the implementation of a robust Big Data Governance Framework (BDGF) is imperative for organizations to effectively manage and harness the potential of their vast data resources. The BDGF serves no purpose when implemented in a random manner. This article delves into the complex decision-making challenges that emerge in the context of implementation of the BDGF under uncertain conditions. Specifically, we aim to analyze and evaluate the BDGF performance using the Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) techniques aiming to address the intricacies of big data governance uncertainties. To achieve our objectives, we explore the application of Frank operators within the framework of complex picture fuzzy (CPF) sets (CPFs). We introduce complex picture fuzzy Frank weighted averaging (CPFFWA) and complex picture fuzzy Frank ordered weighted averaging (CPFFOWA) operators to enable more accurate implementation of the BDGF. Additionally, we rigorously examine the reliability of these newly proposed fuzzy Frank (FF) operators (FFAOs), taking into consideration essential properties such as idempotency, monotonicity, and boundedness. To illustrate the practical applicability of our approach, we present a case study that highlights the decision-making challenges encountered in the implementation of the BDGF. Subsequently, we conduct a comprehensive numerical example to assess various BDGF implementation options using the MADM technique based on complex picture fuzzy Frank aggregation (CPFFA) operators. Furthermore, we perform a comprehensive comparative assessment of our proposed methodology, emphasizing the significance of the novel insights and results derived. In conclusion, this research article offers a unique and innovative perspective on decision-making within the realm of the BDGF. By employing the CPFFWA and the CPFFOWA operators, organizations can make well-informed decisions to optimize their BDGF implementations, mitigate uncertainties, and harness the full potential of their data assets in an ever-evolving data landscape. This work contributes to the advancement of decision support systems for big data governance (BDG), providing valuable insights for practitioners and scholars alike. Manuscript profile
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