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Open Access Article
1 - The Village of Yathrib/Medina in the Prophet Era; Based on the First Centuries A.H. Evidences
mehran EsmaeiliNowadays, using City/Town for Madinat al-Nabi seems to be inevitable. Accordingly, there are many interpretations about social, political, economic and cultural issues in the City of The Prophet. The Prophet's Mosque in the center of the city, the walls and gates surrou MoreNowadays, using City/Town for Madinat al-Nabi seems to be inevitable. Accordingly, there are many interpretations about social, political, economic and cultural issues in the City of The Prophet. The Prophet's Mosque in the center of the city, the walls and gates surrounding it, as well as the translation of the word Medina to city/town, created the impression that Madinat al-Nabi was a city/town. In the present article, the author seeks to gain access to the first image of the city of Medina by investigating the early historical reports and moreover, attempts to discover the settlement pattern in Yathrib. All evidence obtained in early resources indicates that Yathrib was a group of small villages that were scattered on the edge of the Yathrib river channels. Gradually, from the first to the third century A.H, Yathrib (group of villages) changed to the city of Medina and its surrounding villages Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Districts and Strongholds of Jews in Hidjāz
فاطمه احمدوندJews as a migratory nation after many years of exile settled in Hedjāzfinally. Living in this region for several centuries, they producednoticeable political, economical, social and cultural effects. Thereforetheir settlement is very important in order to explain anothe MoreJews as a migratory nation after many years of exile settled in Hedjāzfinally. Living in this region for several centuries, they producednoticeable political, economical, social and cultural effects. Thereforetheir settlement is very important in order to explain another aspect oftheir social life and living condition in Hedjāz. In addition to theireconomic foresight and cleverness in political affairs, havingfundamental strongholds and living in fortified castles was animportant key in strengthening of Jews’ deploying positions and socialsituation in Hedjāz. Comparing Jews and Arabs settlements in Hedjāz,this article describes the structure and political-social applications ofJews’ districts in Hedjāz according to historical sources Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Religious-Ethnic Approach in the Futūḥ-Writings of the Islamic Period; A Study on Futūḥ Al-Miṣr va Akhbāruha by Ibn ‘Abd al-Hakam
Mohammad TaqaviFutūḥ Misr va Akhbāruha by Ibn Abd Al-Hakam is one of the works on Futūh in Early Islamic Historiography that was written about Western Islamic Lands, especially Egypt. The pioneering nature of this book, which historians have used since then, makes it necessary to obta MoreFutūḥ Misr va Akhbāruha by Ibn Abd Al-Hakam is one of the works on Futūh in Early Islamic Historiography that was written about Western Islamic Lands, especially Egypt. The pioneering nature of this book, which historians have used since then, makes it necessary to obtain the historical approach of Ibn Abd Al-Hakam and what affecting his historiography. This issue has been considered in this research with a partial view of the narratives of the mentioned book. On this basis, firstly, the importance of historical information of this book in the course of Islamic Futūḥ-writings has been examined and then based on ethnic and religious-jurisprudential attitudes that can be recognized in the historical thought of Ibn-Abd al-Hakim, his way of narrating the process of Muslim conquests in Egypt is studied. In many cases, those attitudes have been used in parallel with each other in the book's narrations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Friday Mosque of Fahraj; a Re-examination
Alireza AnisiFor better understanding of Islamic Iranian architecture, the study of the initial Islamic era (1-5/7-12 century) is so vital. This period, owing to the transmission of the Iranian culture and civilization from the Sasanian into Islamic time, is principally known as &ld MoreFor better understanding of Islamic Iranian architecture, the study of the initial Islamic era (1-5/7-12 century) is so vital. This period, owing to the transmission of the Iranian culture and civilization from the Sasanian into Islamic time, is principally known as “Transitional Period”. This progressive and continuous transition, finally have been established new Islamic culture and civilization in Iran. In these circumstances, the pre- Islamic Iranian art and architecture evolved and new themes, which were appropriate with new situation, were appeared. These new subjects were mainly inspired by pre-Islamic elements or in some cases were even emerged by borrowing them. In spite of emerging new type of building such as mosque and mausoleum, traditional elements, decoration and technique of pre- Islamic architecture, especially in their local styles, were still employed. Among other types of buildings, the mosque as the main place of worship has been the most significant Islamic building and the study of it is important for better understanding the architectural history of each period. Owing to the necessity of constructing mosque in the early Islamic centuries in Iran, they were patterned on the eminent Abbasid mosques, mainly built in the western Islamic world. However the architects attempted to illustrate the local identity by applying the Iranian architectural traditions. Among the early Islamic mosques in Iran, the Tarikhana Mosque in Damghan and the Friday mosque in Fahraj, are well-known. The latter, which is the topic of this survey, will be discussed in detail. The mosque was first introduced by Muhammad Karim Pirniya in 1969. Owing to its pre- Islamic resemblance of its decoration and architectural elements, he believed that the building is the earliest survived mosque in Iran. He did not say any specific date for constructing the building, but its date has been normally mentioned as the 1st/7th century. The mosque became the subject of later studies that carried out mainly by western scholars, who date this building not earlier than the late years of the 3rd/10th century or beginning of the 4th/11th century. This study aims to re-examine this controversial building. The main source of information has been provided by the author’s field work. In addition, the previous findings of scholars and literary texts support this research. The article highlights the architectural characteristics of the building after description of the mosque. It shows that how the dominant Arabic plan of the mosque was built in local style. The pre-Islamic elements, such as the barrel vaults and various forms of decoration were applied by local builder. The study concludes that the Friday Mosque was built in the 3rd/9th century and its attributing to the 1st/7th century is unlikely. Owing to little surviving buildings from the early Islamic Iran, the study is important on several reasons. The mosque is an authentetic example of early Islamic mosque in Iran. The colour painting on plaster of the mosque is one of the earliest examples of Islamic Iranian architecture. In addition, the architectural elements of mosque suggest the continuity of pre-Islamic style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Early Islamic Architecture and Structural Configurations
Kubilay Kaptan -
Open Access Article
6 - Khoy’s Expansion from Early Islam to Late Qajar According to Historical Documents
Lida Balilan Asl Elham Jafari -
Open Access Article
7 - Nizamabad: its position in the end of the classical period of Iran to the beginning of the Islamic period
Ali Hozhabri Mohammadreza Nemati Mohammad Mortezayi Mohsen SaadatiPassing from the Sasanian era to the Islamic era, the culture and art of Iran continued in its previous way and few changes occurred in it. One of the key archeological sites next to Tepe Hisar and Chal Tarkhan (and some other sites), which shows the transition from Sas MorePassing from the Sasanian era to the Islamic era, the culture and art of Iran continued in its previous way and few changes occurred in it. One of the key archeological sites next to Tepe Hisar and Chal Tarkhan (and some other sites), which shows the transition from Sasanian to the early Islamic era, is Nizamabad. Despite this importance, the location of this hill has been shrouded in mystery and most researchers have noted it near Varamin or Ray. However, according to the photograph taken by Ernst Herzfeld in 1925 of Nizamabad, it can be identified by morphology. Nizamabad is located in the southwestern of the Tehran. In this article, by introducing this hill, we are trying to show its importance so that proper planning can be done for future research activities. Fortunately, there has been minimal encroachment on this hill -in the southeast of Islamshahr- and although it has been registered in the list of national monuments of Iran, the area and boundaries have not been determined. Considering the importance of the unique plaster casts of this hill in museums, measures should be taken to protect the hill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Assigning the Geographical Location of Toranjeh Historical City Based on Written Sources and Archaeological Researches
Mojtaba Safari Narjes Heydari Mina Madihy -
Open Access Article
9 - Equal thought in the Qarmatian movement
Maryam Ashoori hasan shadpoor ahmad ashrafiAbstractUsing descriptive-analytical research method and with the help of reliable historical sources, this research has raised the question: to what extent and how were the Qarmatians able to establish social equality among the masses? In answer to this question, it sh MoreAbstractUsing descriptive-analytical research method and with the help of reliable historical sources, this research has raised the question: to what extent and how were the Qarmatians able to establish social equality among the masses? In answer to this question, it should be said that the ideological approach of some scholars and the neglect of the various dimensions of the Qaramat movement have led to the ignorance of the fact that only in a part of the Qarmatians' activity did egalitarian thought come to the fore in a limited way. And the extremism and secondary inefficiency of Qaramata and the destruction of their image in the Islamic world prevented the implementation of a policy of social equality on a large scale. In fact, the misconceptions of Islam scholars about the democratizing aspect of the Qarmatian society are based on the notion that it has raised the issue of taste and assimilation and, in general, a lack of sufficient and deep understanding of the Qaramteh dissident movement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Sociological approach to women’s politics in the early Islam
الهه ضابطی اکبر معصومه رشادHalf of human society is composed of women who play a critical role in society formation. Women’s position in the early Islam demonstrate that they have been actively involved in social, economical, scientific, political and even defending affairs and along with p MoreHalf of human society is composed of women who play a critical role in society formation. Women’s position in the early Islam demonstrate that they have been actively involved in social, economical, scientific, political and even defending affairs and along with preservation of their magnanimous and purity, they have been successful in many cases. This research is done to explore sociological participation of women Muslims in the early Islam from time of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) uprising (the year of 62 Lunar Hijri) to reach the scientific achievement of the extent and effective role of women in Islamic society. It uses historical documents studying and the method of gathering information in attributional. The conclusions of this study depict that women did not have a prominent position before the Islam and were deprived of many of their humanistic rights and with the emergence of Islam, a holistic transformation was made in women’s prestige and position in a way that in different fields such as fealty, Hejira and defense of Imams, they were helpers of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and Imam of time as well as men. Besides, Islam agrees with the political and social presence of women in society; however to preserve the family and women’s dignity and prevention of being abused, Islam has set a framework for women presence in society which the most important of them are having Hijab and purity and attending the women relationships with men in social activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Standing in Najd: The Ghataf§nÊ Tribes' Relations with The Prophet (PBUH)
Mehran Esmaeili Maryam BehdarvandDespite its significant political and social importance, the region of Najd in the Arabian Peninsula has received little attention from researchers of early Islamic history and the Prophet's biography (Sira). The focus of traditional narratives has been on the conflicts MoreDespite its significant political and social importance, the region of Najd in the Arabian Peninsula has received little attention from researchers of early Islamic history and the Prophet's biography (Sira). The focus of traditional narratives has been on the conflicts between the Prophet and the Quraysh, as well as the Prophet and the Jewish tribes. However, Najd, located in eastern Hijaz, was a crucial region where many of the Prophet's military campaigns took place, and some of his missionary activities occurred. This paper aims to investigate the reaction of Najd tribes to the Prophet's call and expansion in Najd, and the outcomes of the Prophet's actions in this region. The findings suggest that the Ghatafani tribes, one of the major tribal groups in Najd, largely resisted the spread of the Prophet's call in Najd until the end of the prophetic period, posing significant security threats to Medina and actively collaborating with the Quraysh and Jewish tribes. Manuscript profile
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