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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Spark Motor Program reduced oxidative stress in boys with Down syndrome
        Atefeh Jan Mohammadi Mehrzad Moghadasi
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Providing a family-oriented problem-solving training program for parents of Down syndrome children
        Maryam Seidy Gholam Ali Afrooz Leila Kashani Vahid aliakbar arjmandnia keivan kakabraee
        Aim: This study was developed with the aim of providing a family-oriented problem solving training program for parents of children with Down syndrome. It seems that structural modification of parenting practices is very important to improve the quality of life of all fa More
        Aim: This study was developed with the aim of providing a family-oriented problem solving training program for parents of children with Down syndrome. It seems that structural modification of parenting practices is very important to improve the quality of life of all family members. It seems necessary to modify the functional structure of families with children with special needs, including children with Down syndrome, due to their different psycho-social characteristics. Based on this, empowering parents through new cognitive-behavioral approaches such as family-oriented problem solving programs is considered one of the important priorities of developed societies. Methods: In this organized research, first the nature and importance of this issue was investigated, then how to prepare a family-oriented problem solving educational program for parents of children with Down syndrome, which is an innovative combination of "I can solve my problem" and "Education of a thinking child/teenager" program was presented. Results: A review of the available empirical evidence shows that the application of the family-oriented problem solving program has a positive effect on the behavioral change of children and adolescents with special needs and their parents. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the well-being of the family through the formulation of efficient localized programs based on the Iranian-Islamic model. The application of the family-oriented problem-solving training program by the parents of children with Down syndrome has greatly increased their motivation to learn practical interpersonal skills, and parents can provide psychological and social well-being conditions for themselves and their children by adopting a problem-solving coping style. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Comparison of Personality Traits and Working Memory in Slow-Moving Adults with Down Syndrome and without Alzheimer's Disorder in Tehran and Baku
        Leila Maleki Samian Gholamali Afrooz masuod Gholamali Lavasani Hadi Bahrami
        Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits and working memory in slow-moving adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease selected in Baku and Tehran. Methodology: The present study was a "causal-comparative" post-event resear More
        Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits and working memory in slow-moving adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease selected in Baku and Tehran. Methodology: The present study was a "causal-comparative" post-event research in terms of quantitative method, applied purpose and data collection. The statistical population of this study includes adults with Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disorder and without Alzheimer's disease over 40 years, which is purposefully and accessibly available to 40 adults with Down syndrome in Baku, 20 cases of Alzheimer's disease and 20 cases without Alzheimer's disorder and 40 adults with Down syndrome in Iran (20 cases of Alzheimer's disorder and 20 cases without Alzheimer's disorder) were selected as a statistical sample. To collect the necessary information in this study, a personality traits questionnaire and working memory scale were used. Findings: The results showed that the differences between personality traits and working memory of slow-acting adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease in Tehran and Baku were significant, as well as the mean of personality traits, conscientiousness, flexibility, receptivity and Active memory in adults with Down syndrome without Alzheimer's disorder compared to adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disorder in Baku was higher than in Iran except for neuroticism. Conclusion: Based on this, it is suggested that behavioral intervention programs based on cognition and mindfulness be designed and used in the field of strengthening personality traits and working memory for parents of children with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disorder.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - بررسی عملکرد سیستو لیک بطن چپ به وسیله اکو کاردیو گرافی بافتی در کودکان مبتلا به سندرم داون
        Saeid Abtahi Maryam Rafiei Torghabe
        Evaluation of lv systolic function by Doppler tissue echocardiography in children with Down syndrom Background: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a relatively new echocardiographic method that was first described and clinically applied by Isaaz from France in the 1980&rs More
        Evaluation of lv systolic function by Doppler tissue echocardiography in children with Down syndrom Background: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a relatively new echocardiographic method that was first described and clinically applied by Isaaz from France in the 1980’s. This modality is  evaluating ventricular function in both the systolic and the diastolic assessment. Information about the TDI is very low. The aims of this study  was to determine the cardiac functions in Down syndrome children who did not have structural cardiac lesion by conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography.   Materials and Methods: In this study, a group of 36 children with Down syndrome,between 4 month and 19 years of age without anatomic heart disease were subjected to the assessment both ventricular systolic function by  both two-dimensional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Velocity of S, A', E ', A and E  at the level of the mitral and tricuspid valves, and septum were measured.As well as other data such as FS, HR and EF were measured. All the above data into statistical software was SPSS ver.21 were analyzed. Result: In this study  wave velocity was not associated with children sex.but there was associated Between children age and Awave of treicuspid .A wave velocity of tricuspid raised when body surface area decread. EF and FS were nat associated with body surface area-sex and age .there were associated between body surface area and E´waves of septum.velocities of E´wave of septum raised when body surface area raised. In this study, an average of the Heart wall motion at the level of the mitral valve based on S wave was calculated0.07 ± 0.01cm/s, Based on E´ wave:0.12 ±0.03 cm/s, Based on A´ wave:0.07 ±0.03 cm/s , Based on E wave: 1.15±0.15cm/s and Based on A wave:0.74 ±0.2  cm/s. An average of the Heart wall motion at the level of tricuspid valve based on S wave was  calculated0.11±0.02 cm/s, Based on E´ wave:0.15 ±0.04 cm/s, based on A´ wave:0.1 ±0.04cm/s,Based on E wave:0.82 ±0.19 cm/s and Based on A wave:0.63 ±0.19 cm/s .An average of the Heart wall motion at the level of septum based on S wave was calculated 0.07±0.1 cm/s, Based on E´ wave: 0.11±0.02 cm/s and based on A´ wave: 0.06±0.02 cm/s. Conclusion: Despite having an apparently normal heart, children with Down syndrome may  have silent disturbed cardiac functions, which may be discovered by  twodimensional or tissue Doppler echocardiography.         Manuscript profile