Darkness

Open Access Article

1 - Deification and Mystical Vision in the Eastern Orthodox Christianity
سید نادر محمدزاده

Mystical vision and deification is the final goal of the mystics in theOrthodox Church. They believe that in the mystical vision Divinemanifestation or powers could be observed, but, the Divine essenceremains inaccessible. Therefore, in the theology of the OrthodoxChurc More

Mystical vision and deification is the final goal of the mystics in theOrthodox Church. They believe that in the mystical vision Divinemanifestation or powers could be observed, but, the Divine essenceremains inaccessible. Therefore, in the theology of the OrthodoxChurch God is symbolized in two forms: Light and darkness. Easterntheology interpreted the union of the divine and the human in Jesus asglorifying humanity and as preparing humanity for its deification. Thisdoctrine is the cornerstone of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Hereagain the union with God means union with His powers. Not only thegrace of God, but also the will of the mystic are taking part indeification Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Night archytype telepathical adaptation in the poems of Sohrab Sepehri and Rabindranat Tagour
Mohammadreza As’ad Mehdireza Kamali Baniani Rezvan Derakhshideh

One of the concepts in the literature that is very notable these days, is the archytype concept.This issue was first posed by karel Goustav Young and adaptative anthropological school of Chicago university and then entered into literature. Literal critics whil More

One of the concepts in the literature that is very notable these days, is the archytype concept.This issue was first posed by karel Goustav Young and adaptative anthropological school of Chicago university and then entered into literature. Literal critics while posing some concepts such as Anima,Animous,Shadow ,Mask ,Night ,Water ,Circle ,Numbers ,etc .,found their way to search into the collective unconcious and to analyza each work and its creator.As the other archytypes, it is evident that the night darkness comprises various symbols and some of them are common in poets and writers’ mind. So ,in this article while the night darkeness symbols are examined ,special symbols of this archytype has been investigated among Sohrab Sepehri and Rabindranat Tagour’s poems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Literature of Darkness Era and Natural and Social Environment
Mehdi Momtahen

Poets & poetry have always been affected by Social & Natural environment of their times since they have always been considered as a part of the environment in which they existed.Poets have been the speakers of their tribes and thus have had the status of the hea More

Poets & poetry have always been affected by Social & Natural environment of their times since they have always been considered as a part of the environment in which they existed.Poets have been the speakers of their tribes and thus have had the status of the head of the tribe during the darkness era. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Comparing the Life of Sadegh Hedayat and the Works of Sohrab Sepehri
Farhad Tahmasebi

DDOO

DDOO Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Moving in Distancein SohrabSepehri
hosein Moradi

What does "distance" mean in Sohrab?  The intention of Sohrabis not going to be known but the poems themselves speak.In a process, the speaker in moving toward God is released from binary oppositions and enters darkness. In this darkness, something is given birth o More

What does "distance" mean in Sohrab?  The intention of Sohrabis not going to be known but the poems themselves speak.In a process, the speaker in moving toward God is released from binary oppositions and enters darkness. In this darkness, something is given birth outside binaries. The speaker is not in search of evolution or being empty; s/he lives in distance. Though s/he speaks of nothingness and eternity, they are not led into an end. Beginning, end, and journey have no place in the speaker's thought. He experiences being outside journey style perfection. This being occurs in distancewithin literature Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Philosophy of Being in Sohrāb Sepehri’s Poetry: The Myth of Light and Darkness
Zahra Khatami Kashani Mohammadreza Qari

The mysteriousness of the creation and the emergence of the world always leads human beings to find their answers in the world of myths. Researchers divide the myths of creation into two general groups: The myths of cosmogony that describe the beginning of the world in More

The mysteriousness of the creation and the emergence of the world always leads human beings to find their answers in the world of myths. Researchers divide the myths of creation into two general groups: The myths of cosmogony that describe the beginning of the world in symbolic terms; and the myths of origins that portray the birth of plants, animals, humans, etc. The myth of light and darkness is one of the most universal cosmogonic myths that are strongly bound with mystical literature. Sohrāb Sepehri is a mystic poet, and his intuition of the story of creation is achieved through his poetry. In mystical intuition of his first poem collections, we encounter both of the two myths of cosmogony and origins, whereas in the later collections we encounter rather with the origin myths. In this article, we examine Sepehri’s Hasht ketāb (eight books) by a descriptive-analytic method. We will study Sepehri’s mystical intuition from the perspective of mythological criticism based on the light and darkness mythology in order to answer some of the questions of humans willing to know the creation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Studying “Night” key word in Sohrab Sepehri’s poems
Mohammad Kazem Haghshenas Umar Safar

  We, in this research, look for considering the position, importance and the method of applying “Night” word from the viewpoint of Sohrab Sepehri, the isolationist poet and reclusive painter. After studying and considering the life and history and the More

  We, in this research, look for considering the position, importance and the method of applying “Night” word from the viewpoint of Sohrab Sepehri, the isolationist poet and reclusive painter. After studying and considering the life and history and the works of this painter poet, the writer concluded that different factors such as mental and spiritual factors in childhood days and political-social factors in young days and in university days, which coincide with Rezakhan despotism and palpitation years and 28th in Mordad in 1332, had a good role in forming his personality and thought and his interpretation especially in explaining “Night” key word. There are the fear of a bugbear in childhood days and fear of the night darkness, which itself is a wandering bugbear for him, or the dark and black space of oppression and palpitation in his era, which Sepehri shows in “Night” interpretation and in symbolic and mysterious language, in his poems. The result of his travelling to and touring in the East and West of the world, after this era, and his familiarity with the cultures, religions and west knowledge and modern and western art and poem is, for him, in order to arrive in a kind of personal knowledge and isolationism and reclusiveness which he takes refuge in himself. After that, “Night” will be great and valuable for him, so that he looks for the water of life in the dark night and, like Hafiz, becomes a Ghadr night in which looks for his own “intellectual draft”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Study 0f Light Hierarchies and Its Colors in Mysitical views
Fatemeh Heydari Soheila Zeinali

A mystic passes through the twisting and turning paths of mysticism in order to attain the appreciation of God and reach the nearness to Him as wellas monotheism.there For ,he transcends the world of matter and travels in another world. In each stage of mystical hierar More

A mystic passes through the twisting and turning paths of mysticism in order to attain the appreciation of God and reach the nearness to Him as wellas monotheism.there For ,he transcends the world of matter and travels in another world. In each stage of mystical hierarchies ,the mystic receives some revelations form unseen world so that he can envision his beloved as light or in different colors.Mystics believe that light in means God, who is the creator of heavens and earth , and all the universies have benefited from His light. Based on their own mystical procedures ,mystics like Eynolghozate Hamedani , Najmed din Kobra,Najmed din Razi, Molavi and Sheikh Mahmode Shabestari describe their mystical experiences about the reception of light and diverse colors of a world suprior to the material world. This article investigates the viewpoints these mystics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Mystical Hierarchy of the Universe in the Works of Rumi and Suhrawardi
Mohammad Taghi Khammar behrooz romiani Mostafa Salari

10.2234/erfan.2023.706048

In Rumi's works there is a coherent account about the hierarchy of the universe: the first intellect, the light of Mohammadiyya (Nur-e- Mohammadi), the letter and the perfect human being, and so on. It is formed in a hierarchy with the generic name of the multiple world More

In Rumi's works there is a coherent account about the hierarchy of the universe: the first intellect, the light of Mohammadiyya (Nur-e- Mohammadi), the letter and the perfect human being, and so on. It is formed in a hierarchy with the generic name of the multiple worlds. The world of Lāhout, Jabarut, Malakut and Nāsut are well-known names in Islamic mysticism. This can also be seen in the works of Suhrawardi, the philosopher and theorist of illumination philosophy. Apart from the categories which sometimes make it difficult to determine the true source of water, there are two main worlds of Molk and Malakut or light and darkness in the works of Rumi and Suhrawardi which symbolize the lower material world and the superior world (ālam-e- elvi). In this research we study the hierarchy of the world in the works of Rumi and Suhrawardi by using the library documents and descriptive analysis method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Ontology of Light and Darkness at the Thought of Suhrawardi
Hojjatollah Hemati Fatemeh Modaresi

Light and darkness are original codes in philosophical intuition of Suhrawardi. God, in this system of philosophy, created the universe from the type of light source called Nvralanvar from top to bottom. The top down creation cosmology is an incarnation of supreme powe More

Light and darkness are original codes in philosophical intuition of Suhrawardi. God, in this system of philosophy, created the universe from the type of light source called Nvralanvar from top to bottom. The top down creation cosmology is an incarnation of supreme power of God and its Truth which is unified with the Light and Being called Mlvmyt, Nvryt and Mzhryt respectively. The creation of the world from Suhrawardi's philosophical point of view is light source, Nvralanvar. Suhrawardi's ontology-based  system  is  the  expression  of  devotion.  God,  unique holiness, is absolute devotion to the light and the light is absolute and the other lights are shining in terms of intimacy to the absolute light. Almost all philosophical ideas and theories of Suhrawardi are based on this fundamental view on light source which considers his ontological interpretation and explanation. This paper, first, aims at studying metaphysical foundations, light and darkness ontology and cosmology in Suhrawardi philosophy. Light divisions and other provisions related to the ideas of light and darkness and Suhrawardi's explanation on them are also studied in this paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Examining Mullā Ṣadrá's View of the Previous Worlds as a Turning Point in the Historical Evolution of Theories and its Comparative Comparison with Shiite Narrations
Ali Abbasabadi Ali AllahBedashti Ahmad Abedi Arani

One of the important theories that has been expressed about the pre-worldly worlds for the creation of man is the theory of Ṣadr al-Mutaʾallehīn, which is an important turning point and a great innovation in the historical evolution of theories. By accepting the princip More

One of the important theories that has been expressed about the pre-worldly worlds for the creation of man is the theory of Ṣadr al-Mutaʾallehīn, which is an important turning point and a great innovation in the historical evolution of theories. By accepting the principle of the previous creation of man, he returns it to the independent intellectual identities which, in a pre-material world, were extracted from their rational causes and confessed to the Lordship of God in the present language. On the other hand, referring to more than 130 authentic narrations received from the Shiite Imams (as) about the previous worlds, shows that at least three positions of the spirit world, the world of the first particle and the world of the second particle can be traced and observed in the narrations with full intensity and appearance, which refers to the presence of human beings in these situations and their confessions. Ṣadr al-Mutaʾallehin's theory can to a large extent explain the narrations of this chapter based on the structure of transcendent wisdom; But it is felt that it has shortcomings in both directions and it cannot be considered completely consistent with the system used in the narrations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Eternal Chaos (The Myth of Creation)
Alirezā Shabānlu

Some scholars believe that myths are sacred narratives about the origin and destination of the universe. Although, there are apparently different views about the nature of the creation in the mythology of nations, these views are very similar and even the same in deep-s More

Some scholars believe that myths are sacred narratives about the origin and destination of the universe. Although, there are apparently different views about the nature of the creation in the mythology of nations, these views are very similar and even the same in deep-structure. The stories about creation are based on an archetype; according to it, before creation there was only chaos. From this chaos, the first being appeared and from the first being, other things were created. The circle of the emergence of chaos and its transformation into order manifests constantly in human life and is symbolized in stories as dragons or demons. The emergence of the demon and dragon eliminates the order of existence, but by the killing of demon and dragon, the order returns and things get calm. The comparative and analytical research of the myths of some nations, shows that the process of chaos and its transformation into order is a psychological and cognitive action; and as human beings have many similarities and common cognitive faculties, it can be found many myths, like the myth of chaos, that have the same motif and function, though each one is expressed in a different way. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Light and Darkness in the Poems of Adunis; A Mystical Approach
Sabikeh Esfandiyār Rezā Rezāee

An examination of Adunis' poems shows that the contrary opposites have a special status in his thinking; they play a crucial role in conveying the poet's new and favored concepts. One of the most important oppositions, which is found at high frequency in his poems, is t More

An examination of Adunis' poems shows that the contrary opposites have a special status in his thinking; they play a crucial role in conveying the poet's new and favored concepts. One of the most important oppositions, which is found at high frequency in his poems, is the opposition of light and darkness. By using analytical-descriptive method, the present article attempts to evaluate two opposite and commonly used concepts of light and darkness in Adunis's poems based on mystical analysis. In this way, Adunis' special view about the nature and objects becomes clear, revealing aspects of the mystical thoughts in his poetry. The results show that concepts such as good and evil, inward and outward worlds, guidance and deviation are reflected in these two concepts. According to Adunis, one must abandon the intrinsic nature of them and unite darkness with light and reach a point where all opposing elements and multiples are united. To achieve this goal, the poet puts away material things and relies on a particular concept called "madness", and in this way, reveals the Truth and provides the knowledge of the ultimate nature of being.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Beginning of the Universe in the Myths of the World: A Comparative Study The Beginning of the Universe in the Myths of the World: A Comparative Study
Mahdi Ahmady Seid Kazem Mousavi Ahmad Amin Seid Jamāl-din Mortazavi

Commenting on the universe and its beginning are the most important issues in myths. Myths of creation reflect the mentality of primitive man, they often have a purposeful structure and their goal is to remove ambiguity from the pre-creation stage. By eliminating ambigu More

Commenting on the universe and its beginning are the most important issues in myths. Myths of creation reflect the mentality of primitive man, they often have a purposeful structure and their goal is to remove ambiguity from the pre-creation stage. By eliminating ambiguity from unknowns and expressing the process of creation, myths attempt to convey man to the infinite time. The aim of present article is to identify the similarities and differences among myths and the influence of geographic environment on myths. To achieve this aim, myths were chosen from all continents. By examining the status of pre-creation in myths, the similarities and differences among myths were identified. Despite geographical diversities, the study shows that myths are very similar to each other. These similarities show that humans have common concerns. The most important common features of myths are as follows: the beginning darkness, the existence of water and its significance in all parts of the world, the infinity of time and the existence of the beginning chaos. Although myths are influenced by their environment, the impact of the environment on the beginning stage of myths is less than that of other parts.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - طراحی و ساخت شبیه ساز مکاترونیکی برای درمان بیماری فوبیا (ترس از تاریکی)
مجید اسلامی حمیدرضا حاجی میرزاعلیان افسانه کرباسی

استفاده از سامانه های شبیه ساز سالها است در حوزه های مختلف علمی و صنعتی و نظامی فراگیر بوده و این تکنولوژی (ورود به واقعیت مجازی)در حال گسترش در همه زمینه ها  است. در این مقاله با استفاده از متدهای نوین و ساخت یک مکانیزم درمانی که شامل سخت افزارهای مکاترونیکی More

استفاده از سامانه های شبیه ساز سالها است در حوزه های مختلف علمی و صنعتی و نظامی فراگیر بوده و این تکنولوژی (ورود به واقعیت مجازی)در حال گسترش در همه زمینه ها  است. در این مقاله با استفاده از متدهای نوین و ساخت یک مکانیزم درمانی که شامل سخت افزارهای مکاترونیکی با بهره گیری از محیط گرافیکی  می باشد، سعی در روند بهبود و درمان بیماران مبتلا به فوبیا (ترس از تاریکی) شده است. مکانیزم طراحی شده پس از فراهم آوردن شرایط محیطی نزدیک به محیط واقعی توسط نرم افزارها و موتورهای گرافیکی، و همچنین شبیهسازی حرکت سر بیمار با کمک سخت افزارهای مناسب (عینک های سه بعدی و سنسورهای حرکتی چند بعدی)، احساس واقعی بودن شرایط را برای بیمار بطور کامل بوجود می آورد و فرآیند درمان را ساده می سازد. همچنین در این پژوهش پارامترهای موثر بر بیماری ترس از تاریکی با استفاده از نظر متخصصین روانپزشک و بطور جامع و مشابه به واقعیت در محیط گرافیکی شبیه سازی شده است. پس از طراحی و ساخت سامانه مذکور، آزمایشات عملی بر روی تعدادی از کودکان مبتلا به بیماری فوبیا (ترس از تاریکی)  در بازه های زمانی مشخص با صلاحدید پزشک معالج، انجام شد. که نتایج آزمایشات بیانگر تاثیر به سزای این سامانه در درمان این بیماری را داشت. همچنین احساس رضایت کودکان نسبت به کار با سامانه درمانی بسیار عالی ارزیابی گردید Manuscript profile

List of Articles Darkness

Sanad

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages