List of Articles Covenant

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - Non-Muslim Physicians in the Islamic Middle Age Courts
  Behrooz Shorche Masoumali Panjeh
  10.30495/jhcin.2019.14719
  This paper seeks to investigate and explore the fields, causes, and consequences of the presence of non-Muslim physicians (dhimmi) in the Islamic courts in the middle Age. According to the statistical survey of biography books of the physicians, nearly half of the well- More

  This paper seeks to investigate and explore the fields, causes, and consequences of the presence of non-Muslim physicians (dhimmi) in the Islamic courts in the middle Age. According to the statistical survey of biography books of the physicians, nearly half of the well-known and renowned physicians who worked in Muslim courts were Christian as well as Jewish and, in some cases, Saebi and Samaritans. The caliphs' and courtiers' needed to the therapists and the shortage of Muslim expert physicians in compare with non-Muslim physicians and also the tolerance of the caliphs had made a safe atmosphere for non-Muslim physicians. The presence of those physicians in the courts led to the progress of medical knowledge and practice in addition to treatment. Being aware of the secrets of power and politics changed the physician’s characters and dignity and caused their involvement in the political conflicts and their consequences. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - A study of the stylistic style of the elements of society in the covenant of Malik Ashtar and the forty-seventh prayer of Sahifa Sajjadieh
  Ali Sadeghnejad Mohammad Hassan Masoumi Seyedakbar Ghazanfari
  10.30495/qsf.2021.684495
  The equivalent of the word "style" in Arabic is "Oslub" and in English, it is "style". One of the sciences that are as important and independent today in the field of language and literature as other fields of art is stylistics. Stylistics is the description and analysi More

  The equivalent of the word "style" in Arabic is "Oslub" and in English, it is "style". One of the sciences that are as important and independent today in the field of language and literature as other fields of art is stylistics. Stylistics is the description and analysis of various forms of language in the practical applications of language. The concepts of style and stylistic diversity in language are based on the general assumption that within a language system, a single content can be encoded in more than one linguistic form. Style in language is not merely a superficial representation, but on the contrary forms an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the author. Stylistics is used to study all types of texts, but the study of religious texts is one of the most important fields of stylistics. Society is a collection of human beings who are connected to each other by specific systems and traditions, customs and laws and have a collective life; Imam Ali (AS) and Imam Sajjad (AS) in addition to sermons, letters and wisdom have presented scientific and valuable statements about this phenomenon. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - A Comparative View at the Fate of Muslims and Bani Israeil Based on the Verses of Surah Maedah
  Amin Fathi
  10.30495/qsf.2021.683447
  The purpose of this article is to compare the duties and fate of Bani Israel and Muslims in relation to the apparent and inner "caliphate" and "inheritance", and to analyze it based on verses from Surah Maedah. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical with re More

  The purpose of this article is to compare the duties and fate of Bani Israel and Muslims in relation to the apparent and inner "caliphate" and "inheritance", and to analyze it based on verses from Surah Maedah. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical with reflection on verses and narrations and citation of historical and interpretive data. The findings of the debate are that the covenant of God, which is guardianship and Imamate, i.e, the apparent and inner "caliphate" and "inheritance", is completed by the installation of the apparent caliphate. Pure human beings are the inheritors of these two caliphates, and sovereignty over the holy land is the manifestation and symbol of outward inheritance supported by the inner caliphate. The spiritual caliphate preserves the apparent and territorial caliphate. The Muslim nation like Bani Israel could not preserve the truth of Islam due to its distance from apparent and inner "caliphate", so now Jerusalem is out of the access of Muslims. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - Critical Review of "Fair Trial" in International Documents
  Namdar Babayi Valiolah Ansari Ali qorbani
  Namdar Babayi [1] Valiolah Ansari [2]  Ali qorbani [3] Abstract: The concept of fairness in modern criminal law has influenced by the defendant-oriented philosophy. The major part of the rules on the substantive criminal law andprocedure has been arranged to guaran More

  Namdar Babayi [1] Valiolah Ansari [2]  Ali qorbani [3] Abstract: The concept of fairness in modern criminal law has influenced by the defendant-oriented philosophy. The major part of the rules on the substantive criminal law andprocedure has been arranged to guarantee the rights of the defendant. This approach creates a complicated situation for the victim: He shouldtolerate the cruel as well as the criminal system considering him insignificant. The Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights, and in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966),embodies such an idea. In so-called postmodern criminal law, this situation is undesirable, and the restorative justice approach, that guarantees the victim’s rights, tries to establish a balance between the plaintiff and defendant in the criminal justice process. In Islamic theology, correspondence of the hearing with God’s commands is the criteria of fairness while in Europe common’s judgment serves as the criteria of the fairness of the trial. [1]-Ph.D Candidate in Criminology and Criminal Law, Isalamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, goldenfit.web@gmail.com [2]- Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, drvansari98@gmail.com [3] - Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad Universit, Chaloos branch, Chaloos, Iran, agt1350@gmail.com Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  5 - Jurisprudential principles of the treaty between Muslims and non-Muslims with emphasis on the view of the Supreme Leader
  Ali Mohammadian Kebria Mohammad Nozari Ferdowsiye akbar najm
  10.22034/ijrj.2022.697882
  A treaty is an agreement that Muslims make when they stop fighting the infidels. This research, which has been written by descriptive analytical method, has organized its discussions based on this hypothesis by stating the nature of the treaty. Based on Islamic jurispru More

  A treaty is an agreement that Muslims make when they stop fighting the infidels. This research, which has been written by descriptive analytical method, has organized its discussions based on this hypothesis by stating the nature of the treaty. Based on Islamic jurisprudence, a treaty with infidels is permissible in the first sentence and in some cases it becomes obligatory due to expediency. The conclusion of this research is that from the point of view of some Islamic scholars, including the Supreme Leader, the necessary condition for the principle of concluding a treaty in Islam is to bind it to expediency and time. And the condition for continuing to adhere to it is to observe the interests of the Islamic society and to be intelligent and vigilant against non-Muslims and to continuously monitor the survival of the terms of the treaty and not to violate it by other parties. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  6 - Compiling an appropriate pattern for staff performance assessment in Tabriz Islamic Azad University
  Ferdous Yadegari Mir Mohsen Alavi
       The main objective of the present study is to compile an appropriate pattern for staff performance assessment in Islamic Azad University. The study tries to answer the following questions: What are the university staff's performance indices? To p More

       The main objective of the present study is to compile an appropriate pattern for staff performance assessment in Islamic Azad University. The study tries to answer the following questions: What are the university staff's performance indices? To promote the university staff's performance what model can be presented? What would be the proportion degree of suggested model?        The statistical population was all the staff at Tabriz Islamic Azad University (total 640 people), from witch 250 people have been chosen using proportionate stratified sampling. The research method was descriptive survey.        After extensive study of theoretical bases and research literature and obtaining the wieo points of valid scholars, the questionnaire was conformed and its six components (occupational criteria, professional development, professional covenant, human relations, flexibility, ethical criteria and extra-curricular) and thirty variables were recognized by professors and scholars. Reliability of the research was calculated by cronbach alpha witch was 44% for descriptive data, statistical indices, tables and charts related to each question are presented. For analyzing the data, one sample Ttest and Friedman was used for first question. The second question factor analysis and the third question cronbach alpha via SPSS soft ware was used.      The research result showed that all six components and thirty variables were confirmed. Suggessted research model with reliability coefficient 44% and average of 3.44 out of five was also confirmed. The human relations criteria was known as the most important components because it has the most factor loading and had the tendency to become a public and total factor. The professional developent criteria was known as the least important component in the present research. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  7 - Re-Considering the Concept of "al-dhanb" of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) Applying Structural Semantics Method
  fatemeh agahi Rahimah Shamshiri bebarkateh
  "Dhanb" is one of the key words in the semantic field of the concepts of sin in the Holy Qur'an, which in some cases has been attributed to divine prophets, including the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). For a long time, there has been ambiguity among Muslim scholars about the More

  "Dhanb" is one of the key words in the semantic field of the concepts of sin in the Holy Qur'an, which in some cases has been attributed to divine prophets, including the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). For a long time, there has been ambiguity among Muslim scholars about the relationship between sin and repentance both of which have been attributed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and how they should be explained, and despite many attempts, a precise result has not yet been provided. This article seeks to explain the meaning of the term 'Dhanb' attributed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) with the method of structural semantics and examine the relations of Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic of sin in the verses and thus has tried to be the first step in the research of the concept of the sin of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in the Holy Quran. This study shows that the concept of sin in the Qur'an is any disregard for the covenant with the superior. The sin attributed to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is also related to the divine covenant with him in the field of mission and related duties, and often refers to cases such as haste in fulfilling divine promises in achieving victory and the punishment of infidels. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  8 - Historical Study of the Interpretation of the Covenant Verse from the Beginning of Islam to the Age of Seyed Haider Amoli
  Seyyed Hatam Mahdavinoor Soghra Radan
  The Treaty of Alast and various interpretations of the verse of the Covenant, ie 172 of Surah Aʿrāf, have been influential in many literary and mystical works, and in addition to creating beauty in these works, it has provided comments and interpretive views of the vers More

  The Treaty of Alast and various interpretations of the verse of the Covenant, ie 172 of Surah Aʿrāf, have been influential in many literary and mystical works, and in addition to creating beauty in these works, it has provided comments and interpretive views of the verse of the Covenant. Meanwhile, two of the greats in this field, whose views have been significantly reflected in their later works, especially in literature and mysticism, are Mohi al-Din ibn Arabi and Seyed Haidar Amoli. Ibn Arabi, entitled "Sir al-Qadar", who he believes is one of the most valuable sciences, and Amoli, with his special definition of knowledge, link this verse to mysticism, discovery and intuition, and the views of these two worlds in other opinions and interpretations. Their mystical foundations are reflected. In this research, with an analytical method, the interpretive point of view of these two mystics has been examined specifically about the verse of the Covenant. The result is that both interpret the verse to emphasize the world of monotheistic talent and innate nature based on their abilities. The theory of nature considers all human beings to be created on the basis of the same natural instinct and knowledge on which they were created; but ibn Arabi and Seyed Haidar Amoli have considered the talents and abilities to be varied, and they have interpreted the perfection of everyone in achieving the same innate ability and talent on the basis of which he was created. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  9 - Historical trend of Interpretative Thoughts of »Alāst verses«: A Critical Reviewing and Innovating
  Seyyed hossein Karimpour
  The study of mysterious contents of Alāst verses (Arāf «i.e. The Heights»: 172 -174) has long been considered by scholars of hadith, Interpreters, and muslim thinkers. looking at the views expressed on "Alāst" in the history of Islamic thought, reflects More

  The study of mysterious contents of Alāst verses (Arāf «i.e. The Heights»: 172 -174) has long been considered by scholars of hadith, Interpreters, and muslim thinkers. looking at the views expressed on "Alāst" in the history of Islamic thought, reflects a continuous effort to provide new thoughts in the interpretation of these verses, an interpretation that is persuasive, and reflects the intricate and ambiguous aspects of the Verse while compatible with the appearances of verses and religious principles. The present article, by applying a descriptive-analytic method, has developed a new theory after originating the views and evaluating the interpretive thoughts of the Alāst verses.The result of the research has led to this meaning that the difference in commentators` opinions, more than arising from complexity of the contents of verses, is influenced by extreme attention to narratives, neglection of the damage of exaggeration and Isrâelites. Also the present study is being more reflected on the words, combinations, and style of the verses further emphasizes that the contents of Alāst verses, not only is a common covenant for all human beings, but also is a special event for those who were so pernickety and dissenter. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  10 - The spiritual frequency of the narrations of the underworld
  Masumah Azarakhsh Mahdi Eizadi Mehryar Shababi Jawad Ala' Al-Muhaddethin
  The issue of obtaining a covenant and covenant from human beings based on accepting the Lordship of the One God Almighty before their worldly creation is one of the important issues of the Qur'an, which is raised in verse 172 of Surah A'raf - known as the verse of the C More

  The issue of obtaining a covenant and covenant from human beings based on accepting the Lordship of the One God Almighty before their worldly creation is one of the important issues of the Qur'an, which is raised in verse 172 of Surah A'raf - known as the verse of the Covenant of Elst. The narrations that are known as "the narrations of the particle world" in narrative societies confirm the existence of the particle world in the mentioned verse. The problem is that some thinkers have considered these narrations as individual news items and some as consecutive news items. With the collection of the hadiths of the underworld, which are sometimes scattered and sometimes coherently quoted in narrative sources, and the elimination of repetitions and cases of overlap, it became clear that although these hadiths can not be considered verbal continuity, but their comprehensive spiritual value can be considered as spiritual frequency. . In this way, the problems of those who have considered the acceptance of hadiths in the field of beliefs to be conditional on their frequency are answered. The method for doing this article is library.worldlyˈwərldlēTranslations of worldlyAdjectiveFrequencyدنیویworldly, mundane, secular, temporal, terrestrial, earthyمادیmaterial, physical, materialist, corporeal, worldly, somaticاین جهانیworldly, mundane, terrestrial, sublunar, sublunaryخاکیearthen, earthy, earthly, terrestrial, khaki, worldlyجسمانیphysical, bodily, corporeal, material, sensual, worldlyDefinitions of worldlyAdjective1(of a person) experienced and sophisticated.she was much more worldly than Nora and dismissed the slurSynonyms:having been aroundsophisticatedexperiencedworldly-wiseknowledgeableknowingawareenlightenedshrewdastuteperceptivemedia-savvymatureseasonedcosmopolitanurbanecultivatedculturedunprovincial2of or concerned with material values or ordinary life rather than a spiritual existence.his ambitions for worldly successSynonyms:sublunaryterrenelaicearthlyterrestrialtemporalmundanemortalhumannonspiritualunspiritualmaterialmaterialisticphysicaltangiblecarnalfleshlybodilycorporealgrosssensualbasesordidvileprofanesecularlaynonchurchnonreligiousExamples of worldlyhis ambitions for worldly successshe was much more worldly than Nora and dismissed the slurSynonyms of worldlyAdjectivehaving been aroundsophisticatedsublunaryearthly44 more synonyms Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  11 - Measuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International Documents
  peyman namamian Ebrahim Aghamohammadi
  Measuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International DocumentsPenal Code Penalties within the framework of criminal law as a group of rules applied at national, regional or international level to counteract nuclear-related or radioactive energy-related practices or More

  Measuring Criminal Rules of Nuclear Law in International DocumentsPenal Code Penalties within the framework of criminal law as a group of rules applied at national, regional or international level to counteract nuclear-related or radioactive energy-related practices or governments requiring them to be criminally liable. Can be distinguished from other rules of the same manner based on the extremely dangerous nature inherent in nuclear or radioactive energy. The paper seeks to assess international standards for the criminalization of nuclear rights at the international level, including the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, and the UN Security Council resolutions.The paper seeks to assess international standards for the criminalization of nuclear rights at the international level, including the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material, the International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism, and the UN Security Council resolutions.Key Words: Nuclear Terrorism, International Law, Nuclear Law, Criminal Law, International Covenant of Anti-Terrorism, Security Council Resolutions. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  12 - Breach of U.S Extraterritorial Obligations through Unilateral Economic Sanctions against Iran and Competence of International Human Rights Bodies
  Amir Maghami Ali Akbar Jafari Nadoushan
  US Unilateral sanctions against Iran aimed at changing the behavior or change of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran have directly and indirectly led to the violation of Iranian people human rights, and in particular to the challenge of economic rights. More

  US Unilateral sanctions against Iran aimed at changing the behavior or change of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran have directly and indirectly led to the violation of Iranian people human rights, and in particular to the challenge of economic rights. The present descriptive-analytical paper shows that these sanctions violate extraterritorial commitments to respect to human rights and international cooperation by US. Among international human rights organizations, the Human Rights Council has the authority to hear them through Universal Periodic Reports (UPR) procedure or through special procedures. The council can also address individual complaints about human rights violations due to sanctions, in which case, in addition to the US government, third-party States with international Responsibility can also be sued. The competence of other international human rights organizations and even the International Criminal Court (in terms of the relationship between crimes against humanity and human rights) is further assessed. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  13 - Examining the Mythical Stance of " violet flower " in The Vays and Ramin Based on Greek Mythology
  Masoomeh Nazari Ayyub Kooshan Mahin Masarrat
  Abstract         Flowers and plants have manifested the unconscious mysteries of most nations and civilizations symbolically. They are natural symbols which have been considered holy and spiritual since the ancient times. Indeed, flow More

  Abstract         Flowers and plants have manifested the unconscious mysteries of most nations and civilizations symbolically. They are natural symbols which have been considered holy and spiritual since the ancient times. Indeed, flowers were introduced mostly as an archetype of soul and a spiritual focus depicting inner states and unspoken emotions of humans. One of these mysterious fl₥owers is violet that is manipulated by god of love in Greek mythology. This research aims at examining the mythical stance of  violet in the poetry of Vays and Ramin which at the same time the symbol of love and loyalty. We want to investigate the mythical place of violet and respond to this question : from what myth has the implication been originated ? The research method is descriptive-analytic , that's, the symbolic stance of violet has been studied first then its application in the Vays and Ramin has been investigated. On the whole it can be said that the impact of Greek myths on Iranian literature especially in Parthian period cannot be overlooked. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  14 - The Relationship between the Mustache Denial Rule and the Borjam Treaty (Interaction or Conflict)
  amanollah farid amrollah nikomanesh ali bahraminejad
  Abstract With the coming to power of the Republican government in the United States in 2017, the United States of America created a new challenge for the parties by unilaterally withdrawing from the BRICS agreement. In this article, the researchers, in view of the hosti More

  Abstract With the coming to power of the Republican government in the United States in 2017, the United States of America created a new challenge for the parties by unilaterally withdrawing from the BRICS agreement. In this article, the researchers, in view of the hostile view of the current US leaders in "normalizing Iran", try to examine the relationship between the rule of denying the mustache with the Barham Treaty and the principle of fidelity to the covenant. This study deals with the views of earlier and later jurists in assuming the issue and considers the adherent to the covenant in Islam conditional on the commitment of the other party, and at the same time interprets the essence of the rule of denying the mustache as denying the tyrant domination as Mousavi Khomeini, Ruhollah and Khamenei, Seyed Ali Iranian leaders agree. Keywords: Barjam, rule, denial of mustache, fidelity to covenant, international law Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  15 - Basics of determination of liability in Iranian law
  alireza ghanbari Abdolrasul Dayyani
  The condition of the obligation is the amount that the obligee pays for breach of contractual obligations, non-performance or delay in its fulfillment. The aforementioned condition has a dual nature in Iran's legal system. Deterrent description and compensation for brea More

  The condition of the obligation is the amount that the obligee pays for breach of contractual obligations, non-performance or delay in its fulfillment. The aforementioned condition has a dual nature in Iran's legal system. Deterrent description and compensation for breach of covenant and partial compensation for damage. In this research, it is explain the basics of determining the obligation in three categories: moral, Islamic juridical and legal, and social. The condition of the deposit is the factor of guaranteeing the fulfillment of the obligations and the stability of the contracts, and, it includes the partial compensation of damages. Rationality and equal freedom, preferring pure responsibility, guaranteeing the contractual rights, impact on organic contractual solidarity, impact on mutual action based on the purpose of exchange and value, providing the principle of necessity and compensation. The condition of obligation in Islamic jurisprudence has no precedent. The jurisprudential institution of bailment and sale of al-Arabun and the like are different in natur and can only be adapted in the form of an agreed damage condition. After examining the aforementioned principles, this article tries to find out how the institution of the obligation in the form of the terms of the contract has been adapted to the jurisprudence sources and the civil law of Iran, and which of the two criminal or compensatory natures the Iranian legislator has chosen for this condition is in mind. Also, the legal institution of obligation in Iran's legal system can be based on which social foundations. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  16 - The structure of the promises in the epics
  نصرالله دشتی Mehdi Rezaei
  Promise is one of the religious and social elements and is the basis for the discipline in the ancient societies . Mitra is the god of promise that every time enters a land it unites that land´s gods and preserves its holiness. Promise which has a great standing a More

  Promise is one of the religious and social elements and is the basis for the discipline in the ancient societies . Mitra is the god of promise that every time enters a land it unites that land´s gods and preserves its holiness. Promise which has a great standing and holiness for the Indian and European people, has been evident in their epics and myths , and it determines an important part of the events and the fates of the heroes of the epics. In this essay, first we will review the structure of the different kinds of the promises in the epics, myths and historical works in Iran, India and Greece. Then we will compare and analyze their common elements. The results show that rituals such as sacrificing ,pouring wine on the tombs, presenting the witness, hand shaking with pressure, and the holiness of the water and fire at the time of the promise, are the common elements of the promises. These common rituals give us a structural model which is observed in most of the promises. Comparing these common elements with the epics and the religious beliefs show that these common elements and patterns have a very close relationship with the Mitraism rituals( the god of the promise) , and it is the god of promise which ,by preserving its holiness in the minds and the religious eyesight of the Indian and European people, constitutes the elements of the promises. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  17 - The study of the structure of contracts in epic works and its connection with mythological and religious beliefs
  شکر اله پورالخاص چیمن فتحی
  Covenant and contract is one of the social and religious elements and it is the basis of order and discipline in primitive societies.  If respected it brings unity to communities and if disrespected it is understood as an unforgivable sin and brings moral disorder. More

  Covenant and contract is one of the social and religious elements and it is the basis of order and discipline in primitive societies.  If respected it brings unity to communities and if disrespected it is understood as an unforgivable sin and brings moral disorder.  Mithra is the great god of the Indo European tribes who with ‘varunah’ are responsible for the protection of covenants.  Upon entry to any land, Mithra mingles with the deities of that land and thus preserves his sacredness.  Covenant which enjoys a superior standpoint and has sacredness in the eyes of Indo European people forms a significant part of their epic and mythological works to the extent that determines the destiny of certain events and decides the fate of champions in the epic tales.  This article examines and compares form, structure, common components of variety of covenants in the epic, historical, and mythological works in Iran, India, and Greece.  The results obtained show that ceremonies such as sacrificing, pouring droplets to earth, presence of witness and the presence of two sacred elements of water and fire and shaking hands when making a contract are among the common features of covenants.  Juxtaposing these practices and common elements, one arrives at similar patterns which are respected in most contracts.  The comparison of these patterns and the common rites with mythological and religious beliefs of Indo European people determines that the structure of contracts with the structure and beliefs of Mithraism cult are closely related. Manuscript profile