After the invention of the theory called the Taṣrīf, some authors have tried to link this theory to the history of collecting the Qurʾan. On the basis of the theory of taṣrīf, the Prophet (pbuh) was encouraging all his companions to alter the sentences structure and voc More
After the invention of the theory called the Taṣrīf, some authors have tried to link this theory to the history of collecting the Qurʾan. On the basis of the theory of taṣrīf, the Prophet (pbuh) was encouraging all his companions to alter the sentences structure and vocabulary of the Qurʾan and the Prophet (pbuh) was doing it himself too. The claim of linking this theory to the history of collecting the Qurʾan has been explained that the Prophet's act of expanding the companions' taṣrīf, led to the disagreement about the imagination of some taṣrīf as the Qurʾanic verses and after the death of the Prophet (pbuh), the second caliph offered Abu Bakr to collect the Prophet's taṣrīfs and prevent people from accessing those taṣrīfs and finally ʿUthmān destroyed all the taṣrīfs to make the text of all codices the same. With the aim of preventing the prevalence of false and baseless theories, the article criticizes the claim that the theory of taṣrīf is linked to the history of collecting the Qurʾan and shows that this claim, like the principle of the theory, is based on the Sunnis' foundations, weak narratives, false inferences, contradictory claims and distortion of the many traditions and historical reports.
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Diabetes is a metabolic disease that results in major damage to the kidney. Azathioprine is widely used in the treatment of other autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation. In this study, the effect of azathioprine on renal tissue and serum markers of insul More
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that results in major damage to the kidney. Azathioprine is widely used in the treatment of other autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation. In this study, the effect of azathioprine on renal tissue and serum markers of insulin resistance in rats were studied. 56 adult male wistar mouse with 80 to 90 days old and weighing approximately 200±20g were diveded in 8 groups as follow: Control group (without treatment), sham (140cc froctose 10% as a daily feeding) and 1 to 4 experimental groups that in addition of 140cc froctose 10% as a daily feeding, were injected [3.75, 7.5, 15 and 21] mg/kg/bw azathioprine both in single dose and interaperitoneal at 96th day. 24 hours after both kidneys were seprated, fixed in formalin (10%) and placed in tissue processor. Prepared serial sections were studied with LM (10x & 40x). Obtain data analyzed by using SPSS (17) and ANOVA and groups were compared in significance level (P< 0.05) with Tukey's test. Significant decrease in the diameter of the renal cortex and medulla in control, diabetic and non-diabetic treatment groups and a significant increase in proximal and distal convouluted, henle's loop and glomerules compared with the control group. Collecting tubes difference was not significant in all groups compared to controls. According to above results, Azathioprine creating synergistic effects with diabete. Therefore, diabetics are taking limits.
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This research tries to study knowledge management (KM) in the central libraries of Islamic Azad Universities and the Universities of Science, Research and Technology Ministry in the center of provinces of the country. It aims to study and inquire "organizational KM", an More
This research tries to study knowledge management (KM) in the central libraries of Islamic Azad Universities and the Universities of Science, Research and Technology Ministry in the center of provinces of the country. It aims to study and inquire "organizational KM", and compare it within the two group of research society. The method of research is analytical survey. To do this, all comprehensive branches of Islamic Azad University and 23 governmental Universities were selected as the sample using purposive selection and purposive cluster sample, respectively. To collect needed information, questionnaire is used. According to research findings, four hypotheses of difference between two research societies in terms of "collecting knowledge resources", "organizing knowledge resources", "disseminating knowledge resources", and "human knowledge resources" were rejected.
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Before implementing knowledge management in organization the most important issue is to select an adequate strategy which its absence results to failure of KM programs. Due to the importance of adequate strategy selection on KM effectiveness, little research has been do More
Before implementing knowledge management in organization the most important issue is to select an adequate strategy which its absence results to failure of KM programs. Due to the importance of adequate strategy selection on KM effectiveness, little research has been done considering all organizational factors. Current research aims to identify all organizational factors related to KM strategy selection in three industrial strategic organizations. Methodology for this research is applied in purpose and descriptive in data gathering. Current study carried out by the help of a questionnaire tool distributed to 34 managers and KM experts in aforementioned organizations. To analyze data and test hypotheses the authors have used Chi-square method through windows SPSS.20 software. Results clearly show that there are meaningful relationships between all main variables of research (organizational strategy, organizational culture, leadership style, human resources strategy, and IT maturity level) by adequate selection of strategy; while there are not meaningful relationships among three sub-variables of cultural super-imposable, isolationist leadership style and secondary human resource strategy. Therefore, by omitting them from conceptual model of research, the model of factors affecting the selection of adequate knowledge management strategy is proposed.
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