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Open Access Article
1 - Futures Studies of the Goals of the Anti-Daesh Coalition by Using Network Analysis Techniques
MohamadReza Jamshidi Javad Tavasoli Noghabi Sayed Hasan Hoseini Mehran Keshtkar Toraj EskandariAmerica and its allies took steps to form a coalition and attacked the extremist positions after a long time of the violent extremist activities in South-West Asia, with specific goals as the fight against terrorism. However, the objectives of the action announced by th MoreAmerica and its allies took steps to form a coalition and attacked the extremist positions after a long time of the violent extremist activities in South-West Asia, with specific goals as the fight against terrorism. However, the objectives of the action announced by them, but according to the previous records of America, these goals seem unrealistic and need to understand the real goals of the coalition and with the advice of the past through future study. Therefore, it is trying to determine to a large extent behind the main objectives in this study, with reference to the population of which consists of two categories: "Documentation, media interviews," and "experts". The data were extracted and analyzed using content analysis and exploration as the first population. After the data were categorized in several sections, and then send the questionnaire to the population to judge. Finally, it was recognized with a number of 13 important objective judgment of experts, using network analysis techniques and the use of software Super Decision analysis process. So the most important of them are "to weaken the powers of the Middle East"; "Israel's security" and "Re-penetration of America and its allies in the Middle East" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A theoretical mesh-free scheme to model viscous drop interactions: a particle-based method
Alejandro Acevedo-Malavé -
Open Access Article
3 - Stands structure under oak charcoal disease in Dalab Forests of Ilam, Iran
Sara Abasi Ahmad Valipour Hedayat GhazanfariIn the last two decades, the vast areas of Zagros forests especially in Ilam province have been infected by charcoal oak disease, which killed many Persian oak trees. This study aimed to recognize the structure of the infected stands and to address the relationships bet MoreIn the last two decades, the vast areas of Zagros forests especially in Ilam province have been infected by charcoal oak disease, which killed many Persian oak trees. This study aimed to recognize the structure of the infected stands and to address the relationships between structural features and the tree characteristics with the infection level to the symptoms of charcoal oak disease. For this purpose, a number of 20 sample plots was established along a 6 km transect in Dalab protected forest to collect data such as collar diameter, diameter at breast height, height, crown area, and tree drying degree were measured and recorded for each tree within the sample plots. The number of tree bases was 153 and the surface area was 14.6 m2/ha, indicating a relatively high density and inventory of forests. In general, 85.5% of the individuals had a sign of the charcoal disease and the rate of infection was higher in seed-originated trees, middle-aged and old trees than branching bases and young ones. Based on the results, tree characteristics including collar diameter, diameter at breast height, basal area, total height, and crown area were significantly different among different infection levels of the disease. To understand the dynamics of stands’ structure under the charcoal disease, continuous monitoring of the forests is necessary. Since the higher severity of the disease outbreak in middle-aged and old trees, pruning and shrinking the infected trees’ crown to adjust the crown to root ratio as well as cutting and removing the trees which are not restorable are among the proposed practical plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Assessment and analysis of effective factors on firewood and charcoal smuggling in local communities of the central Zagros, Ilam Province
Ali Mahdavi Majid Gholamhosseini Mohamad SalavarziApproximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes o MoreApproximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes of the cutting of trees and deforestation in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting firewood smuggling and charcoal production in the local communities of Ilam County and Holeilan district and to survey the status of charcoal in the livelihood and income of the villagers in the study area. In this study, the data were collected through a library study and a questionnaire. In the interview section, the attitudes and factors affecting charcoal production were investigated by directly communicating with the studied households. According to the results of factor analysis and examination of items (variables) related to each factor and their factor loadings, three economic-social, legal, and cultural-social factors were identified. The results of factor analysis showed that the first factor (socio-economic) with a specific value of 7.45 had the highest share (62.15%) and the third factor (socio-cultural) with a specific value of 1.15 had the lowest share (9.63%) in total variance explanation. The results of the investigations regarding the status of coal mining in the livelihood system of the studied households showed that each charcoal mining household in the area of Ilam city had 10,800,000 Rials and in Helilan district 11,400,000 Rials on average from the sale of coal in 2019. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - investingating the impect of Americas middle east policy in trump era on the process and structure of alliance and coalitions in the middle East
shahriar bayanThe historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era MoreThe historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era of uncertainty"; An era in which minimum cooperation and alliance and closeness of interests of countries are observed. In this regard, regional powers have contributed more than other regional actors in the formation of this rule and influenced the US policy process. In this regard, its main goal is to theoretically analyze the nature of the changing process of this alliance and regional coalitions (especially during Trump's presidency); And by raising the main question, what is the impact of America's Middle East policy in the Trump era on the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the East? Trump's Middle East policy is influenced by the grand strategies of American foreign policy, which was based on the motto "America first", the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East based on strengthening the alliance between Arabs and Israel, and intensifying political conflicts and competitions between Arabs and Iran. , preventing the implementation and expansion of Ottomanism in the Middle East and the formation of a regional coalition around the soft power of the United States changed; In this regard, the research in its study process collects the necessary data, examines and analyzes the relationships of the said data, so that its theoretical, strategic and operational nature is more tangible by presenting suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of the effective geographical factors on the codification of National Iranian Strategy with emphasis on political Strategy.
معصومه Taheri MousaviNot Long ago strategies concept embraced as military. Thus now a days strategy doesn't limited only by militarization, it means development manners, similar how to use politics, Economics, military, society and cultural resources. In fact national strategy includes comp MoreNot Long ago strategies concept embraced as military. Thus now a days strategy doesn't limited only by militarization, it means development manners, similar how to use politics, Economics, military, society and cultural resources. In fact national strategy includes complex vast assessment from technologic resources, national preferences, and geopolitical factors. There are many relations between strategies study and political sciences, it's clear that three studies include strategy Geopolitics and political geography have common. Concepts and similar patterns, as position, distance, space, distribution and composition. Geopolitics view pointers believe : "Political national boundaries access to important sea ways, they emphasis about international lands beside seas. Thus Iran has special physical anthropological position and needs suitable strategy in different levels as national field areas, regional, and international. Because Iran has settles between Caspian sea in north and Persian Golf in south, due to has been necessary making use maritime power with codification navy strategy, consensus and coalition strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis of the Records of Work-Related Accidents in the Iranian Underground Coal Mines Form the Safety Point of View
Fatemeh Norooz Hanieh Nikoomaram Farhad GhaffariBackground and Objective: Working in underground coal mines is considered as one of the most dangerous jobs due to the special work conditions, existence of too many risk factors and also the occurrence of various accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate and MoreBackground and Objective: Working in underground coal mines is considered as one of the most dangerous jobs due to the special work conditions, existence of too many risk factors and also the occurrence of various accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate and prioritize the causes of the accidents happened in underground coal mines in Iran.Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, 247 accidents occurred in the underground coal mines of three Iranian provinces during an 11-year period (2004-2015) were assessed to analyze and prioritize the causes of the accidents. The accidents were classified based on the US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) handbook and the data were analyzed using SPSS software tool. Findings: 76% and 24% of the accidents were occurred in the exploration phase and in the preparation of exploration workshop, respectively, where the highest percentage frequency of the accidents was related to the roof fall. According to results, roof fall in the exploration phase, the installation of fortification and maintenance activities were reported as the most important immediate causes of the accidents. Lack of hazard identification studies was also reported as the most important root cause of the accidents occurrence. Discussion and Conclusion: Instability of the workshop roof, as the most important intermediate cause, could effectively be improved by strengthening the roof support system and modifying the existing technology in mines. It is also necessary to highlight the hazard identification process and the implementation of control measures in mine management plan to prevent the occurrence of the accidents and to reduce their consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Prediction of remained pyrite fraction within a coal waste pile with using of multivariate regression method
Behshad Jodeiri Shokri Faramarz Doulati Ardejani Sadegh KarimpouliBackground and Objective: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most environmental problems which is caused by mining activities. It may be generated from oxidation of sulfide minerals (specifically pyrite) in mining wastes, ore and mineral processing. As a result, pre MoreBackground and Objective: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most environmental problems which is caused by mining activities. It may be generated from oxidation of sulfide minerals (specifically pyrite) in mining wastes, ore and mineral processing. As a result, prediction and measurement of pyrite can play a key role in investigation of AMD process. In this paper, a relationship based on multivariate regression is suggested for predicting of remained pyrite fraction within a coal waste pile located nearby Alborz- Sharghi coal washing plant. Method: For this purpose, the model uses the most important factors (independent variables) including depth, mole fraction of oxygen, local temperature and cumulative annual precipitation (from the initial deposition of the wastes within the pile) as input parameters and returns the remaining pyrite fraction (dependent variable) in the related depth of the pile as its output. Findings: The results of the laboratory experiments reveal that the fraction of pyrite remaining gradually increased at the lower depth where the oxygen diffuses from the surface to 2 m of the pile. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted after obtaining and collecting of the required data which caused all the possible relationships among the target and independent variables to be suggested and presented. Then, the best model (relationship) according to Efroymson’s the step wise regression method was presented to predict of the remained pyrite fraction within the pile. Discussion and discussions: The relatively high confidence level of the suggested model (87%) reveals its appropriate reliability. A strong correlation (R2=90%) between validation data and suggested model also confirms the desirable reliability of the model. The proposed model is recommended to be applied in similar coal waste piles and will economize time and cost in investigation of AMD process on the environmental management issue of mining wastes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Corporative Game Theoretic Application in Stock Selection Optimization
Peyman Tataei Hashem Nikoomaram Ashkan Hafez AlkotobAlthough Markowitz initially could present a compounded model of risk-return trade-off, the model was incapable of dealing with real constraints. One of financial market characteristics is conflict of interest among market players which cause to the main trend of market MoreAlthough Markowitz initially could present a compounded model of risk-return trade-off, the model was incapable of dealing with real constraints. One of financial market characteristics is conflict of interest among market players which cause to the main trend of market be derived by market player’s interactions and each player’s strategy be a function of the other’s play. The second one is uncertainty. Both features are analyzed in Game Theory in order to optimize decision making process.In this paper, united players with negative, less than one, more than one and zero beta, established a coalition against the Market and tried to select securities that enable them to outperform it. The Market used its mean plus and mines three standard deviation as its strategies. Then player’s payoff in each strategy is determined based on how its return is better than Market and Risk free return and also how its Sharp ratio is better than the Market one. After running the game and finding the Shapely value, the optimized weights of each player and each security was calculated. The findings shows that united players won seventy five percent of twelve annual periods ending March 2018 regarding Treynor and Sharp Ratios. Also their performance was meaningfully better than the Market in the whole twelve year period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis of COP26 Meeting with Emphasis on the Situation in Iran
Susan Hayeri Yazdi Maryam Robati Nasim Poursina Ozra KarimiBackground and Aim: As climate change has shifted from a marginal issue to a global priority, it has been nearly three decades since the United Nations brought together most of the countries on Earth for the Global Climate Summit, called the COP. The purpose of this stu MoreBackground and Aim: As climate change has shifted from a marginal issue to a global priority, it has been nearly three decades since the United Nations brought together most of the countries on Earth for the Global Climate Summit, called the COP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the goals and achievements of COP26 and its impact on Iran's macro decisions.Methods: This study was a study on past COPs and COP26. In this regard, previous and current articles were studied along with the lectures and achievements of the COPs, and the course and evolution of this summit, its strengths and weaknesses, and its results were studied. Finally, the impact of this summit on Iran's decisions has been analyzed and some suggestions have been made to improve the policy-making process in Iran.Findings: Given that most power plants in Iran and the steel industry typically use fossil fuels as sources of input energy, the issue of reducing carbon emissions from industries using renewable energy and the use of global aid to help reduce emissions It will have greenhouse gases.Discussion and Conclusion: Fields of work inside and outside Iran are in two parts: mitigating and adapting to climate change, and in this regard, there are several international organizations for the allocation of financial assistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A comprehensive study on the effect of moisture content on coal spontaneous combustion tendency
Amir Saffari Farhang Sereshki Mohammad Ataei -
Open Access Article
12 - Modeling and environmental risk assessment of Eastern Alborz Coal washing plant
Reza Ghaedrahmati Hayati Hayati Asghar Azizi -
Open Access Article
13 - The power law scaling, geometric and kinematic characteristic of faults in the Northern part of the Kerman Coal Province (KCP), Iran
Hasan Mansouri Amir Shafiei Bafti Mohsen Pourkermani -
Open Access Article
14 - Preliminary Petrological Studies of Basement Rocks, Thar Coal Basin, Thar Parkar District, Sindh, Pakistan
Yasmin RizviThe basement rocks encountered in exploratory boreholes drilled for exploration and evaluation of coal deposits in Thar Parkar district, Sindh Pakistan have formed the basis for present studies. The basement complex was penetrated through eighteen boreholes at drill dep MoreThe basement rocks encountered in exploratory boreholes drilled for exploration and evaluation of coal deposits in Thar Parkar district, Sindh Pakistan have formed the basis for present studies. The basement complex was penetrated through eighteen boreholes at drill depth range from 112 to 279 meters. These rocks were identified in field as Pink and Grey Granites.. The basement rocks are of Igneous as well as metamorphic origin. The Igneous rocks identified petrographically are Alkali-feldspar Granite, Granodiorite, Rhyolite, Rhyodacite and Aplite while that of metamorphic origin is Plagioclase Hornblende Gneiss. These rocks are termed as Thar Granitoids. The chemical data plotted in various binary and ternary diagrams suggests that the Thar Granitoids are (1) in general peraluminous in nature (2) restricted to psuedoternary minimum at moderate water pressure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Classification of Coking Coals in C1 Seam of East-Parvadeh Coal Deposit, Central Iran Using Multifractal Modeling
Peyman AfzalThe objective of this study is to identify the most suitable portions of the C1 coking coal seam in the North Block of the East-Parvadeh coal deposit (Central Iran), according to ash and sulfur values, using C-N fractal modeling. Based on the C-N log-log plots, differen MoreThe objective of this study is to identify the most suitable portions of the C1 coking coal seam in the North Block of the East-Parvadeh coal deposit (Central Iran), according to ash and sulfur values, using C-N fractal modeling. Based on the C-N log-log plots, different geochemical populations were evaluated based on their sulfur and ash content. They were then divided into five populations each according to their sulfur and ash percentages. The first sulfur containing population, located in the northern and western sections of the area, contains the best quality coking coal. The sulfur content ranges from 0-1.51%, known as “very low”. Situated primarily in the western and northeastern sections of the North Block are two ash populations with ash values between 0 and 12.88%. Known as “very low” and “low”, they are also of suitable quality for coking coal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Introducing a Model for Road headers' Performance Prediction Based on the Specific Energy and the Angle between Tunnel Axis and the Planes of Weakness
Arash EbrahimabadiRoad headers offer a unique capability and flexibility for the excavation of soft to medium strength rockformations, hence; are extensively used in underground mining and tunneling operations. A critical issue insuccessful road header application is the ability to evalu MoreRoad headers offer a unique capability and flexibility for the excavation of soft to medium strength rockformations, hence; are extensively used in underground mining and tunneling operations. A critical issue insuccessful road header application is the ability to evaluate and predict the machine performance. The mainobjective of this research study is to investigate the cutting performance of road headers in coal measure rocksby paying special attention to the influence of discontinuity orientation (alpha angle) and the specific energy.With this respect, a database was established from detailed field data including the measured instantaneouscutting rates (ICR) and geomechanical parameters of the coal measure rocks for each cutting condition throughthe tunnels in Tabas coal mine project. The database was then analyzed by utilizing the statistical method inorder to yield new predictive models. The influence of alpha angle (the angle between tunnel axis and the planesof weakness) on road header performance was investigated and the correlation between them was found to begood (R²=0.96). The analysis of the specific energy also showed that there is a relatively good relation (R²=0.91)between this parameter and ICR. Finally, the new predictive models for ICR (with respect to alpha angle andspecific energy) showed to have highly correlated relationships within the limits of measured values and hencemay successfully be used to evaluate the performance of medium-duty road headers in coal measure rocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Desulphurization of Tabas Coals Coke
Moslem Soltanian Hossein Hassanpour Darvishi Seyed Habib Musavi Jahromi Mohammad Nasri Seyed Mohammad HashemiSulfur is an organic and mineral in coal and is one of the most disturbing elements in the steel industry.The high percentage of sulfur in Tabas coal is considered as a polluting and harmful element. Sulfur, in addition to reducing the production efficiency of coking pl MoreSulfur is an organic and mineral in coal and is one of the most disturbing elements in the steel industry.The high percentage of sulfur in Tabas coal is considered as a polluting and harmful element. Sulfur, in addition to reducing the production efficiency of coking plants, causes environmental pollution. The study of reducing the amount of sulfur by physical methods such as flotation is one of the goals of this paper.Investigation of coal samples in flotation method and effective factors in increasing the efficiency of sulfur separation are investigated .Factors such as ash content, the effect of collectors and Foam maker, mechanicalproperties and floating cells conditions are considered.The amount of collector, the amount of foaming and pulp percentage and the remaining time are the parameters that are effective in reducing the sulfur content of the flotation method.By increasing the amount of Gasoil collector, the amount of recycling and the amount of pyrite sulfur decreases with a slow process. Increasing or reducing excessive engine speed reduces the rate of desulfurization. Increasing pulp percentages on reducing sulfur and reducing ash increases recycling rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Qualification of coal seam for anderground Coal Gasification (UCG) method in Mazino Coal Basin, Tabas
Mehdi Najafi Seyed Mohammad Esmaiel Jalali Reza Kakaie Aliasghar Lotfi AzadThe Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a candidate process for converting the world’s coal resources intoenergy, liquid fuels, and chemicals. In the UCG, the process involves the injection of steam and air or oxygeninto an underground coal seam and igniting an MoreThe Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is a candidate process for converting the world’s coal resources intoenergy, liquid fuels, and chemicals. In the UCG, the process involves the injection of steam and air or oxygeninto an underground coal seam and igniting and burning of coal in-situ to produce the combustible gas. Previousstudies showed that many parameters affect site selection of UCG design. These characteristics including coalseam properties (thicknesses, depth, dip, resources, rank), faulting, discontinuity, properties of hangingwall andfootwall of coal seam and hydrogeological regime. In this paper, by studying Tabas Mazino coal basin andconsidering proper UCG site selection criteria, potential coal layer was selected for the UCG based on theControlled Retraction Injection Point (CRIP) method. The result of this investigation showed that the M2 coalseam has the highest rank (considering the seam thickness and reservoir) for the UCG operation in Mazino coalbasin in relation to other coal seams namely, M1,M5,M4andM2-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation of acidic water generated coal washing plant tailing in central Alborz- Zirab in order to decrease its environmental effects
سهیل Mashrafi M.B EslamiResidues of mining and coal processing are among the most important resources of acidic drainageproduction in most parts of the world. So, most of the activities for determining the acidic drainageproduction resources and also the controlling and neutralizing methods of MoreResidues of mining and coal processing are among the most important resources of acidic drainageproduction in most parts of the world. So, most of the activities for determining the acidic drainageproduction resources and also the controlling and neutralizing methods of these drainages are carriedout about coal. Central Alborz coal region produces a large amount of residues, which can produceacidic waste waters. Therefore, the said studies were carried out to investigate the capability of acidicwastewater production from these residues and their effect on surface waters of the region.In primary laboratory studies carried out on residues using modified ABA static test determined thatresidues of floatation and jig are in uncertain limits. So, dynamic test method on water samples wasused to investigate the probable production of acidic wastewater generated by residues of AnjirTangeh coal washing plant. In this method, the quality of water was analyzed and investigates undertwo climatologic conditions. Samples of flowing waters around the plant were taken using thestandard sampling method No. 2347 of Iran. The results show that there were no significant statisticaldifference between the amounts of these parameters and national standard amounts. The factors likehigh hardness of water in the region because of limy layers, low underground waters level, clayminerals forming coal ash like montmorillonite that prevents penetration of waters resulting fromprecipitations into the residues and low percentage of pyrite, as the origin of acidic wastewaterproduction, caused the acidic pollution of central Alborz coal washing plant not to be a threat forenvironment of this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of Germanium Content in Sangrood and Central Alborzʼs Coal and Feasibility Its Permutation
Gholamhossein Nourmohamadi Somayeh Shayanfar Gholamreza KarimiNowday(Today), Extraction and production rarely elements in the world, in to accounted in technologies that isvery important in mining and mineral processing. Germanium is member of elements, because of its rarely,many usage as semiconductor and electronic industrials, MoreNowday(Today), Extraction and production rarely elements in the world, in to accounted in technologies that isvery important in mining and mineral processing. Germanium is member of elements, because of its rarely,many usage as semiconductor and electronic industrials, more and more utilized and extracted in removableresources. In this paper, will studied content of Germanium in one of important sources, that is coal and fly ashin two coal ʼs mine in north of Iran, located in shemshak, namely central Alborz and Sangrood. After analysisand study considered sample by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Optical Emission (ICP-OE) machine IranianGeology Organization, studied possible producing and extraction Germanium in present resources that itʼsextraction will not recommended in Technology and Economical status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Feasibility Study on Rationalizing the Government Size Program
Nasser Mirsepassi Jafar BeikzadChange in Iranian administrative system is one the crucial issues. And in the recent years the necessary has drawn a lot of attention. Several actions have been taken and the "State's Septet Plan of the Change" in the Administrative System is a as example. This paper ai MoreChange in Iranian administrative system is one the crucial issues. And in the recent years the necessary has drawn a lot of attention. Several actions have been taken and the "State's Septet Plan of the Change" in the Administrative System is a as example. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of one of these programs i.e. the Rationalizing Government Size Program and to identify the factors affecting its execution. In order to do so, the above mentioned program was divided into four programs and the affecting factors were defined based on John Child's power-control theory. According to the quartet factors and the defined indexes of the four programs, a matrix questionnaire was designed and after evaluating its validity and reliability, it was given to the swgects. The results were abridged and after classification they were analyzed using the inferential statistics tests (the single-group t-test and Friedman). The results revealed that the feasibility of the program is below average and the influential authorities in public organizations have the greatest role in leading this program to failure. Next, the heterogeneity of the interests of the decision-makers and the organizations, the dominant coalition and the subjectivity of the individuals' and organizations' decisions are placed successively as the effective factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Description of the symptoms and the evaluation of the co-occurrence of different severity of charcoal disease in Quercus castaneifolia
jalil karami mohammadreza kavoosi manoochehr babanezhadThis research has been performed in order to description of the symptoms and the evaluation of the co-occurrence in different severity of charcoal oak diseases of Q. castaneifolia in the Qoroq forest park. signs and symptoms of charcoal diseases include number, height, MoreThis research has been performed in order to description of the symptoms and the evaluation of the co-occurrence in different severity of charcoal oak diseases of Q. castaneifolia in the Qoroq forest park. signs and symptoms of charcoal diseases include number, height, area and depth of canker in 385 tree with an average diameter of 52/5 cm and a diameter range of 15 to 140 cm at seven transects were recorded over a period of six months. Based on the damage severity of disease, trees in the five classes: Healthy and no evidence of disease (1), bleeding only in the very small surface (2), bleeding, developed canker plus beetles (3), bleeding and decay of tissue developed and deep cankers with beetle activity (4), and dead trees(5), Grouped. The analysis of variance demonstrated that mean of height, depth and area of canker in the trees disease was different and also a significant correlation was detected between depth and area of canker with severity of charcoal disease. Results of evaluation of the co-occurrence severities of different disease using paired quadrat covariance showed that trees and dead trees are positively correlated, such that the difference in disease severity between the trees was greater, the co-occurrence was less likely. These results, the pattern of the distribution and development of charcoal disease offers that in the management and reforestation infected forests is applications Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Game Theory Approach to Modeling and Analyzing Inheritance Allocation of a Passed-away Couple
majid sheikhmohammadi mostafa abbasiThe main aim of this study is to model and analyze the challenge of inheritance allocation remained by a passed-away couple based on the inheritors strategies and objectives by using Game Theory approach. So, by the help of Graph model to analyze the challenges between MoreThe main aim of this study is to model and analyze the challenge of inheritance allocation remained by a passed-away couple based on the inheritors strategies and objectives by using Game Theory approach. So, by the help of Graph model to analyze the challenges between the inheritors of a passed-away couple based on the laws and regulations in Islamic Republic o Iran. This model contains two kinds of players selected through 64 abstract constructions of the strategies by applying some limitations and analyzed 8 possible cases and finally, 2 cases predicted as more likely. The results represent that this competition has two equilibriums. That is, if the players stand in thie situations, they have no desire to exit. By the coalition of the players, the results will be more appropriate to get more. The findings of the modeling is completely consistent with real results of the challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - اثر محیط های مختلف کشت بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک به لیمو در شرایط کشت درون شیشه ای
حسن نورافکن فاطمه سفیدکن سیدامیر موسوی مظفر شریفی احمد خلیقیمقدمه و هدف: به­لیمو با نام علمی Lippia citriodora H.B.K سال­هاست به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی و معطر کشت شده و مورد مصرف قرار میگیرد. تکثیر جنسی به­لیمو به علت عدم جوانه­زنی بذر معمول نیست و تکثیر آن غیرجنسی انجام می­شود. انتخاب محیط کشت مناسب یکی از ضر Moreمقدمه و هدف: به­لیمو با نام علمی Lippia citriodora H.B.K سال­هاست به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی و معطر کشت شده و مورد مصرف قرار میگیرد. تکثیر جنسی به­لیمو به علت عدم جوانه­زنی بذر معمول نیست و تکثیر آن غیرجنسی انجام می­شود. انتخاب محیط کشت مناسب یکی از ضرورت­های موفقیت در کشت بافت است. روش تحقیق: به منظور ارزیابی اثرات 10 محیط کشت مورد استفاده در تحقیقات کشت بافت (1- MS حاوی BAP (3 mgL-1) + IBA (0.1 mgL-1) + زغال فعال (1 gL-1)، 2- MS حاوی BAP (1 mgL-1) +IBA (0.5 mgL-1) + زغال فعال (1 gL-1)، 3- 1/2MS، 4- MS حاوی BAP (5 mgL-1)، 5- MS حاوی BAP (1 mgL-1)، 6- MS حاوی زغال فعال (1 gL-1)، 7- MS حاوی BAP (1 mgL-1) + زغال فعال (1 gL-1)، 8- MS حاوی BAP (1 mgL-1) + نیترات نقره (5 mgL-1)، 9- MS حاوی نیترات نقره (5 mgL-1) و 10- شاهد (MS)) بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک بهلیمو، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه ریزنمونه در هر تکرار انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج اثرات مثبت BAP (5 mgL-1) و تا حدودی زغال­فعال را بر بسیاری از شاخص­های رشد نشان داد ولی برخلاف انتظار، نیترات­نقره تاثیری روی کاهش پیری و نکروز برگ نشان نداد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به یافته­ها می­توان محیط کشت چهارم (MS حاوی BAP (5 mgL-1)) را با داشتن بالاترین میزان از شاخص­های وزن تر شاخساره، تعداد برگ، تعداد میانگره، تعداد شاخه، وزن تر ریشه، قطر کالوس و وزن خشک ریشه به عنوان محیط مناسب کشت بافت در شرایط آزمایشی اشاره شده انتخاب و معرفی نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Alternative Scenarios of Iran vs. Saudi Arabia’s Regional Coalition-Building among Arab Countries: (2011-2019)
davoud ahmadzadeh Kayhan Barzegar Hamid hmadi Asadollah Athari MarianAbstractCurrent developments in the Middle East indicate a high probability of tension in the region which provided the basis for regional coalitions. In a way that, Saudi Arabia, as one of the major players in the Middle East region and the main competitor of the Islam MoreAbstractCurrent developments in the Middle East indicate a high probability of tension in the region which provided the basis for regional coalitions. In a way that, Saudi Arabia, as one of the major players in the Middle East region and the main competitor of the Islamic Republic of Iran, has sought to increase its regional influence in the major conquest centers. In this regard, the main question of the research is that, what alternative scenarios does Iran face in dealing with Saudi regional coalitions in the years after 2011? Considering Saudi Arabia's regional alliance in the Middle East against Iran, Alternative Scenarios of the Islamic Republic of Iran are at the Micro Level (Yemen Crisis) Consolidation of Ansarollah's Position in the country’s Political System, at the regional level, creating gaps in regional coalitions and at the trans-regional level, the deterioration and reinforcement of Iranian cultural diplomacy. This study is based on future research methodologies and based on the deductive approach and the use of Peter Schwartz's Global Business Network Improvement Model. Keywords: Iran, Saudi Arabia, Scenario Building, Coalition Building, Arab Countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Explanation of Saudi-Israeli relations against Iran : 2011-2020
farzad navidinia sajad moradi kelardehSaudi Arabia and Israel, two key players in the Middle East, have expanded bilateral and regional relations over the past decade. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between these two actors with the focus on new developments in the region. MoreSaudi Arabia and Israel, two key players in the Middle East, have expanded bilateral and regional relations over the past decade. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between these two actors with the focus on new developments in the region. This descriptive-analytical study, using the theory of threat balance, raises the main question: what is the most important reason for the expansion of Saudi-Israeli relations over the past decade and how can it be explained? In response, it pursues the main hypothesis that the main reason for the expansion of bilateral relations is joint cooperation with Iran in the region. The findings show that Saudi Arabia and Israel, based on the variables of threat balance theory including total power, geographical proximity, offensive power and offensive intentions, consider Iran as a threat and try to form a coalition and balance against it. The most important joint approaches of the two sides in dealing with Iran also include Iranophobia, supporting terrorist groups, challenging Iran's regional allies, Shiaophobia, influencing the US withdrawal from the JCPOA and expanding the normalization of relations with Israel among the Arab Gulf states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Components and foundations of Saudi Arabia's desirable Regional order in West Asia (2020-2015)
Mahsima Abdollahian Mostafa BoroujerdiFollowing the Regional developments known as Arab Spring and the popular uprisings in the Arab world, Saudi Arabia, sensing threatened by the new developments, initiated altering its regional strategies. A great portion of the changes made in the regional approach of Sa MoreFollowing the Regional developments known as Arab Spring and the popular uprisings in the Arab world, Saudi Arabia, sensing threatened by the new developments, initiated altering its regional strategies. A great portion of the changes made in the regional approach of Saudi Arabia has been linked to the reign of King Salman, and particularly to the rise to power of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Aiming to study and analyze the modality of the formation of desirable regional order of Saudi Arabia, the question arises: "What are the characteristics and components of the desirable Regional order of Saudi Arabia and what are its mechanisms and practical tools?" As a probable answer, the study reasons that the desirable regional order of Saudi Arabia in its periphery (Arabian Peninsula) is based on "hard and soft hegemony", "being defined as a dominant regional player in the Arab world (countries with cultural and social commonalities with Saudi Arabia)" and " "Balancing in the Middle East region," And the study concludes that Saudi Arabia seeks to establish this order by building"alliance and coalition with the countries of the region", "attracting the support of America and the Zionist regime", and "strengthening its armament and military capabilities". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Impact of Party Structure on Israel Foreign Policy vis-à-vis the Islamic Republic of Iran
Majid Tavasoli Roknabadi Nima RezaeiAfter the formation of Israel on 14 May 1948 Iran recognized this regime on de facto basis on 6 March 1950. Israel during the second Pahlavi period considered Iran as its “strategic ally”. Ben Gurion the first Israeli prime minister set its peripheral doctri MoreAfter the formation of Israel on 14 May 1948 Iran recognized this regime on de facto basis on 6 March 1950. Israel during the second Pahlavi period considered Iran as its “strategic ally”. Ben Gurion the first Israeli prime minister set its peripheral doctrine on this basis that Israel should join hands with countries like Turkey، Iran and Ethiopia in order to surround the Arab countries. This policy could save Israel from isolation as well as achieve its national security goals. The present article first examines the existing Israeli political parties and the political factions within them and their attitude towards the Islamic Republic of Iran in three period of time. The first period is from the victory of Islamic revolution till the Madrid Peace Conference on 30 October 1991. The second period starts from 30 October 1991 till opening of Iranian case in International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the third period is from the opening of the Iranian case in IAEA till date. The question which is raised in the present article is what is the impact of Israeli political parties or coalition of political parties participating in the cabinet of the government on the attitude of Israel towards Iran. The underlying hypothesis is that Israel foreign policy towards Iran has followed a constant and fixed principles and the change in political parties or coalition of political parties constituting the cabinet or the government did not have any impact on continuity of Israel foreign policy towards Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Conceptual Comparison of the Three Doctrines of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Foreign Policy
Mohsen khalili Amir Abbas khoshkarAbstract: The purpose of writing the present paper is to study the Umm al-Qura, Iranian Civilization and the coalition and alliance doctrines. Which one of the above doctrines is related to foreign policy of Iran? Why among the three said doctrines, the doctrine of Umm- MoreAbstract: The purpose of writing the present paper is to study the Umm al-Qura, Iranian Civilization and the coalition and alliance doctrines. Which one of the above doctrines is related to foreign policy of Iran? Why among the three said doctrines, the doctrine of Umm-al-Qura can better explain the foreign policy of Iran and shaping of the post Imam Khomeini era foreign policy behavior? The underlying hypothesis is that taking into consideration the universalistic and Islamic feature and objectives and also prescriptive discourse of Iranian foreign policy, prevalence of Islamic culture in foreign policy, based on idealistic Shiite Islam, the doctrine of Umm- al-Qura has a better capability for explaining and interpreting Iran’s Foreign policy. The finding of the study shows that the other two doctrines are not suitable to explain Iran’s foreign policy due to their lack of attention to role of Islam in foreign policy and undervaluing the Islamic idealistic Shiite interest in connection with national interests. The method of data collection is library materials and analyzing data is explanative-comparative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A favourable ultrasound-assisted method for the combinatorial synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones via CoAl2O4 spinel nanocrystal as an efficient catalyst
Javad Safaei-Ghomi Rahele Teymuri -
Open Access Article
31 - Effect of Substituting Soybean Meal with Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata WAL) Supplemented with Natural Plant Charcoals in Broiler Diet on Growth Performances and Carcass Characteristics
J.R. Kana A. Teguia A. Fomekong -
Open Access Article
32 - Cooperative vehicle routing problem: an opportunity for cost saving
Sedighe Zibaei Ashkan Hafezalkotob Seyed Sajad Ghashami -
Open Access Article
33 - Study of SnO/graphene and SnO/Bamboo charcoal nanocomposites sensors for ethanol sensing
roya nayebi Abdollah Fallah Shojaei Seyed Mohsen Hosseini-GolgooIn this Research, tin(II) oxide doped with graphene (SnO /graphene) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Structural characteristics of the nanocomposites were studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) scanning ele MoreIn this Research, tin(II) oxide doped with graphene (SnO /graphene) nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Structural characteristics of the nanocomposites were studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to confirm possible interactions which may have formed between the nanocomposites. Then, SnO /graphene nanocomposite was used as a sensitive and active layer for preparing a gas sensor for ethanol gas sensing. To optimize the condition and function of the sensor, the sensitivity and response of the nanocomposite at working temperature were investigated and important parameters such as response time, recovery time, and selectivity were determined. At the working temperature also at operating temperature, the sensor showed a sensitivity of about 12 times the concentration of 200 ppm and its response time was significantly lower. In addition, the SnO /graphene sensor had good selectivity over the target gas compared to other gases such as methanol, phenylethyl alcohol, acetone, n-hexane, etc. Due to the properties of bamboo charcoal and specific surface properties and its porosity structure, tin (II) oxide doped with bamboo charcoal (SnO/Bamboo charcoal) nanocomposite synthesis, this sensor was also studied. SnO/Bamboo charcoal nanocomposite showed a significant sensitivity to the low concentration of ethanol at 10 ppm which is better than the sensitivity and detection limit compared to SnO /graphene sensor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - China-Russia Strategic Alliance against US Unilateralism and its Impact on Iran's National Security 2009-2021
Tahereh Nezafati Garineh Keshishyan SirakiAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and chall MoreAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and challenge America in the position of great power. This competitive process has also affected the national security of other countries. The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the alliance between Russia and China against the unilateralism of the United States on Iran's national security. The main question is, what effect did the alliance between Russia and China have on Iran's national security in 2009-2021 against the unilateralism of the United States? It seems that the strategic alliance of China and Russia based on competition and curbing the hegemony of US has had effects in the direction of strengthening and weakening the national security of Iran. The results show that the alliance between China and Russia against the United States affects Iran's national security in the political dimension Iran's emphasis on the role of the United Nations, Iran's membership in the Shanghai Organization, seeking new horizons in BRICS in the military dimension countering Western sanctions and promoting military cooperation with China and Russia in the economic dimension enhancement of economic cooperation, purchase of Iranian oil and gas and Iran's pivotal capability in China's Silk Road project and in the environmental dimension of the cooperation of the two sides with Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Anatomy of Political Parties and Groups in Iraq and Their Impacts on the Relations between Iran and Iraq
Mohammad Sohrabi Amrollah Ashrafi Morteza KarimiAbstract The main aim of this paper is to examine the most important and influential cultural-political parties and groups in Iraq. Iraq is a country that has historically suffered from ethnic diversity and always have been met dominated by one ethnicity or religion, A MoreAbstract The main aim of this paper is to examine the most important and influential cultural-political parties and groups in Iraq. Iraq is a country that has historically suffered from ethnic diversity and always have been met dominated by one ethnicity or religion, Arabs or Kurds, or Sunnis and Shiites. These parties have played important roles in foreign policy, especially in relation to Iran and drawn. Shiites and Kurds in Baghdad's power structure, remove the Baathist regime vengeful, Changing approach from "Arabia- Sunni" to "Arabia-Kurdish-Shia" in Iraqi politics, emerging opportunities in the country in the national interest of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The question now is this cultural and political groups in the Iraqi political scene today that has the greatest impact on the state and the country domestic and foreign policy, what are they? Which of these trends will have the greatest impact on relations between Iran and Iraq and in order to align Iraqi foreign policy and regional politics with Iran? Authors assumed on that Shiite and Kurdish groups have most influence on the Iraqi government and foreign and internal policy, these political and cultural currents, constitute the majority in the country and have had the greatest impact on relations between Iraq and Iran. Coalition of these two groups involved with ISIS and other Sunni Arab neighbours would be the strongest factor in Iraq's foreign policy and regional alignment. The exclusion of any of the parties to the irreversible consequences will follow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Market failure using the basket recommended by the Coalition
Peyman Tataei fraydoon Rahnamay RoodposhtiSpecial mathematical techniques have been developed in order to analyze conflict-competition situations. Game theory provides a formal analytical framework with a set of mathematical tools to study the complex intersections among rational players (Osborne, 2004). Severa MoreSpecial mathematical techniques have been developed in order to analyze conflict-competition situations. Game theory provides a formal analytical framework with a set of mathematical tools to study the complex intersections among rational players (Osborne, 2004). Several approaches have been produced to the Portfolio selection problem, which became popular among researchers with the article of Harry M. Markowitz, published in Journal of finance in 1952, which occupies an essential place in the literature. Canonical Coalition Game Theory is among these approaches. In this paper the optimality of a portfolio partnership which will be created by each player’s strategies (stocks) with identical targets but different Beta capabilities will be examined first with a zero-sum game and then with establishing a coalition among different Beta groups(players). The obtained optimal gain will be distributed to each stock using Shapley vector. As a result the performance of the model’s portfolio was positive and better than market performance which resulted negative return during testing period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Theoretical and Experimental Analysis for the Removal of Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Charcoal from Pomegranate Seeds
Lekaa Hussain Khadim -
Open Access Article
38 - بررسی پارامتر های موثر در سنتز نانو کریستال های اسپینل CoAl2O4 به روش پلی اکریل آمید
سید علی حسن زاده تبریزی مهسا جعفری -
Open Access Article
39 - An Analysis of the Effects of International Coalition Forces in Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges.
Ali MohamadianNearly two decades have passed since the fall of the Taliban regime and the presence of US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the international coalition forces have embraced Afghanistan's political, economic, social and security developments. The Taliban' MoreNearly two decades have passed since the fall of the Taliban regime and the presence of US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the international coalition forces have embraced Afghanistan's political, economic, social and security developments. The Taliban's defeat, the first project, and then the formation of a new government and the reconstruction and structural reforms in the political, security, economic and social fields were the main pillars of the policy of the international coalition led by the United States and some international forums in this country.Most of these axes have been implemented since the fall of the Taliban in Afghanistan. However, Afghanistan is still in a volatile situation in 2019 and after about 18 years since the fall of the Taliban and spending a lot by governments and international as well as international coalition forces. So the question of the article is that what has happened since the fall of the Taliban by the international coalition and other international fora in Afghanistan, and with what opportunities and challenges are faced?The paper, in a descriptive analytical manner, believes that the measures taken to rebuild Afghanistan are inadequate and that, due to the conflicting interests of domestic, regional, and transnational actors, there are numerous barriers to resolving various crises in Afghanistan, whose ambiguities are ambiguous. Manuscript profile
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