Canopy gap

Open Access Article

1 - The Effect of Canopy Composition on Soil Properties in Pure and Mixed Stands of Beech (Case Study: Aland Forest -Sari)
Azadeh Asghari Sorkhi Seyed Mohammad Hojjati Hamid Jalilvand Meysam Mojarabi

This study investigated the influence of closed canopy and canopy gap on soil properties in a pure and mixed beech forest in Alandan forest - Sari. Soil samples were taken from four positions listed in two depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Totally 32 soil samples and More

This study investigated the influence of closed canopy and canopy gap on soil properties in a pure and mixed beech forest in Alandan forest - Sari. Soil samples were taken from four positions listed in two depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. Totally 32 soil samples and 16 organic layer samples were taken and transported to the laboratory. Soil texture, pH, EC, bulk density, soil moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of mineral soil as well as pH, moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of organic layer were measured in laboratory. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of the soil at a depth of 10-20 cm in gaps of pure stand was significantly lower than that of gaps and closed canopy of mixed stand. The gap in pure stand showed significantly lowest percentage of organic carbon. Total N was significantly lower in the gap position comparing with the closed canopy within the pure stand. Difference was significant in the case of Carbon to nitrogen ratio in the second soil depth between gaps and closed canopy in both stands. Soil available K was significantly greater in mixed stand compared to pure one. None of soil properties showed significant differences in depth of 0-10 cm between the various positions in both stands. Relative humidity showed significantly higher percentages in both organic and mineral soil layers in pure compared to mixed stands. The findings suggested that canopy compositions are significantly able to influence some properties of soil n organic and mineral layers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigation on Forest Canopy Gap Resultant Dead Woods in Intact Beech Forest (Case Study; Jamand Series- Golband)
Mohammadreza Pourmajidian Ghavamoddin Zahedi Amiri Hamid Jalilvand Mahdi Mirdar Harijani

Introduction: Dead woods cause forming natural canopy gap in forest stand and more essential forbiodiversity in forests, thus most research has been on protection and existence of dead wood in foreststand.Material and method: In this research by surveying the whole of f More

Introduction: Dead woods cause forming natural canopy gap in forest stand and more essential forbiodiversity in forests, thus most research has been on protection and existence of dead wood in foreststand.Material and method: In this research by surveying the whole of field surface of about 47 hectaresfrom one beech stand in Noshahr veisar forest, the canopy gap size and dead woods were measured.Total 14 dead woods were known in canopy gap surface that maximum number of kind samplingrelated to Fagus orientalis species. For measurement of dead wood decay degree, they were classifiedin 4 classifications.Result: Result showed according to low slope of the field, dead trees have large height and dbh thatcan show most dead trees were in longevity age. Also, the passing of time causes dead wood decaydegree to increase and it decreases canopy gap size. According to the conclusion, correlation of deadwoods decay degree with number of regeneration per hectare was significant at 5% level.Consolation: most of sampling from regeneration was measured at surface of canopy gap by deadwoods with decay degree of 3&4. Moreover, in this research canopy gap size was not significant at5% level with regeneration per hectare Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Inventory of Landslide as an Environmental Hazard and Investigation of its Impact on Forest (Case Study: Chafrood District; Guilan Province)
Tooba Abedi seyeid ataollah Hosseini Ramin Naghdi

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate More

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate of the effect of these microsites on diversity, richness and evenness parameters. For this purpose, twenty hectare areas considered in the Tarbiat Modares University Experimental Forest Station that is located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Twenty onecanopy gaps with thirty four uprooted trees were found in these areas. Line transect method was used forsampling and plant abundances were also recorded in canopy gaps. Circles plots with radius of 4 meter in intersection of PMs and 20 - 30 meter distance far from PM position were designed for recording cover percent of herbaceous plants. The diversity parameters were significantly different in canopy gaps areas. Biodiversity indices amounts had ascending trend with increasing of canopy gaps areas. PMs were significantly effective on diversityparameters also. Diversity and evenness indices showed significantly increasing on PMs position.Richness was increased on PMs, but no significant statistically difference was considered. The obtained results are indicating windthrow is effective on plant community''s dynamics, which should be considered in forest management Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Windthrow Effects on Biodiversity of Natural Forest Ecosystem in Local Scale
yahya Kooch seyed mohsen Hosseini jahangard Mohammadi seyeid mohammad Hojjati

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate More

Windthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate of the effect of these microsites on diversity, richness and evenness parameters. For this purpose, twenty hectare areas considered in the Tarbiat Modares University Experimental Forest Station that is located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Twenty one canopy gaps with thirty four uprooted trees were found in these areas. Line transect method was used for sampling and plant abundances were also recorded in canopy gaps. Circles plots with radius of 4 meter in intersection of PMs and 20 - 30 meter distance far from PM position were designed for recording cover percent of herbaceous plants. The diversity  parameters were significantly different in canopy gaps areas. Biodiversity indices amounts had ascending trend with increasing of canopy gaps areas. PMs were significantly effective on diversity parameters also. Diversity and evenness indices showed significantly increasing on PMs position.Richness was increased on PMs, but no significant statistically difference was considered. The obtained results are indicating windthrow is effective on plant community's dynamics, which should be considered in forest management Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Effects of canopy gap on soil macrofauna in mixed beech stand (case study in shast- kalate forest)
Maryam Kheiri Hashem Habashi Seyed Mohammad VaezMoosavi Negar Moghimian

The soil macrofauna are the most important terriocolous (invertebrates) section in small and micro and trummage in the them, on the other hand, the creation of pores and increases soils, porosity are a very important role it, also change method tending of north forests More

The soil macrofauna are the most important terriocolous (invertebrates) section in small and micro and trummage in the them, on the other hand, the creation of pores and increases soils, porosity are a very important role it, also change method tending of north forests to single selection system, individual trees is done, that result creation canopy gap. Also throught the trees to mark, trees breeding stand and regeneration will be created, so the most important stage, interference human in the forest stand. This study was conducted wether soil macrofaunabiodaiversity under canopy with canopy gap in soil layers. Diversity soil macrofauna including earthworm, diplopoda and chilopoda were extracted 10×10×10 cm soil by hand-sorting procedure. Diversity ( shanon H index) and evenes (smith-willson) were analyzed using. Results show that there are significant differences between groups under canopy with groups’ canopy gap hence biodiversity indicators in 99% level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Canopy gaps properties effect on regeneration of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the mixed beech stands
Kiomars Sefidi Mohammad reza Marvi mohajer Vahid Etemad Raynhard Mozandel

The aim of this research was to describe characteristics of natural canopy gaps and gap area fraction as an environmental influence on the success of beech seedling establishment in mature beech stands. All canopy gaps and related forest parameters were measured within More

The aim of this research was to describe characteristics of natural canopy gaps and gap area fraction as an environmental influence on the success of beech seedling establishment in mature beech stands. All canopy gaps and related forest parameters were measured within three 25 ha areas within the Gorazbon district of the University of Tehran’s Kheyrud Experimental Forest. Results showed an average of 3 gaps/ha occurred in the forest and gap sizes ranged from 19 to 1250 m2 in size. The most frequent (58%) canopy gaps were <200 m2. In total, canopy gaps covered 9.3% of the forest area. Gaps <400 m2 in size were irregular in shape, but larger gaps did not differ significantly in shape from a circle. Most gaps (41%) were formed by a single tree-fall event and beech made up 63% of gap makers and 93% of gap fillers. Frequency and diversity of tree seedlings were not significantly correlated with gap size. The minimum gap size that contained at least one beech gap-filling sapling (<1.3 m tall) was 23.7 m2. The median gap size containing at least one beech gap-filling sapling was 206 m2 and the maximum size was 1808 m2. The management implications from our study suggest that the creation of small and medium sized gaps in mixed beech forest should mimic natural disturbance regimes and would be consider as near to nature in the study area. Manuscript profile

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