Boostan

Open Access Article

1 - Comparative Analysis of Simile in Wisdom Poems of Boostan and Motanabbi,s songs
mohammad benam far majid khosravi

 Abstract Simile is one of the most obvious and fundamental ways of expression that has a major role in imagination and effect of poet’s speech. In this article in a descriptive – analysis and comparative method, similes have been surveyed in theosophic More

 Abstract Simile is one of the most obvious and fundamental ways of expression that has a major role in imagination and effect of poet’s speech. In this article in a descriptive – analysis and comparative method, similes have been surveyed in theosophical poems of Boostan and Motanabbi’s theosophical poems from different aspects such as: mutual of simile, perceptual simile and conceptual simile, singular and compound, point of resemblance and … and statistical analysis of them is presented. The results of research reveal that, Saadi and Motanabbi, have used different types of similes including: singular, compound, absolute simile, implicit simile, shortened simile, emphatic simile and …, but in the application of simile they are statistically different. As among 311 images that were extracted from theosophical verses of Boostan, 97 of them were similes (%31) and among 112 images that were extracted from theosophical verses of Motanabbi 43 were similes (%38) and this fact shows that Motanabbi,s power or trend to simile is more than Saadi. The second result is that Saadi,s similes are often singular, shortened and obvious, but Motanabbi,s similes are compound, implicit and complicated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Take a look at allegorical stories and anecdotes in Boostan
masoud pakdel

Considering that the expression of the material in the form of anecdotes and stories is more effective and pleasant, Saadi in Boostan has used the allegorical anecdotes in quoting the teachings and excellent moral and legal contents.for a better understanding of literar More

Considering that the expression of the material in the form of anecdotes and stories is more effective and pleasant, Saadi in Boostan has used the allegorical anecdotes in quoting the teachings and excellent moral and legal contents.for a better understanding of literary works,they shoud be analyzed, that is why it is necessary to analyze allegorical tales of Boostan In this research, we try to answer the question by analytical-descriptive method and with the aim of knowing allegorical tales of Boostan how and for what purpose Saadi has used allegory and to what extent allegorical anecdotes have been effective in the beauty of the story and the transmission of concepts. The results show that Saadi has been successful in creating allegorical anecdotes and providing appropriate and diverse evidence and examples, and has expressed his valuable content in the form of allegorical short stories in a way that is very influential on readers. The expression of moral teachings in the form of stories, in addition to etiquette, has also caused their permanence Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - God and his memory in Sadi’s Utopia and Nahjolbalaghe
Fereidoon Tahmasbi

Utopia is a part of scientists’ thoughts about an ideal life. Plato is the oldest designer of such societies. In Islamic world, Farabi is considered as a pioneer in this area who established his utopia based on Islamic and especially Shiid believes. Persian poets More

Utopia is a part of scientists’ thoughts about an ideal life. Plato is the oldest designer of such societies. In Islamic world, Farabi is considered as a pioneer in this area who established his utopia based on Islamic and especially Shiid believes. Persian poets have also reflected such idea in their works. For example Sadi, a seventh century poet, has founded a desirable society in his work, Boostan, which is indeed a monotheistic society. He discussed an exalted, generous, helpful and forgiving God which his knowledge is more than the two worlds. In this desirable world, God is the true believers’ beloved, and they are always his true believers. Sadi thinks that a human should always remember this God and never forget him even for a moment to keep always on the correct path and never get out of utopia. This idea is too much similar to Imam Ali’s idea in Nahjolbalaghe. Because Sadi’s thought are based on pure Islamic ideas which are derived from God statements, and Imam Ali has developed them in Nahjolbalaghe, which is considered as Quran’s brother.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Cultural Favor and Public Acceptance in the Story of Boostan by Sa’di (Analysis Based on Tzvetan Todorov's Theory)
Leyla Miri Asghar Dadbeh Abdolreza Modarreszadeh

Didactic or moral stories in Sa’di’s Boostan, like many other episodic stories in Persian texts, play a facilitating role in understanding the poet's mystical, social, and artistic ideas. In the Sa’di’s Boostan, there is a story titled “Tad More

Didactic or moral stories in Sa’di’s Boostan, like many other episodic stories in Persian texts, play a facilitating role in understanding the poet's mystical, social, and artistic ideas. In the Sa’di’s Boostan, there is a story titled “Tadbir” (plan) in the delay of politics. In this story, we see a model that is consistent with the model proposed by Tzvetan Todorov for story analysis, and the result can be generalized to most of Boostan's stories. Todorov believes that there is a similar structure in the narratives, which include; The initial situation, the entry of the factor that disturbs the balance into the narrative, the disturbance of the balance, the attempt to establish the balance, and as a result, reaching the final stable state, which he interpreted as the transition part. In this article, which is written in an analytical research method, we intend to answer the question, based on Todorov's theory, how to solve the contradiction resulting from Sa’di’s consequentialism in the story with the external realities of society, and how the story in question can be analyzed based on Todorov's model. The result is that by creating a coherent structure in the story, Sa’di was able to accept his ideas and opinions to the reader despite the contradictions and contradictions with the real world and give the victory vote in the story in favor of whoever he wants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The common ethical doctrines in Saadi's Boostan and Emam Ali's Divan
abbasali vafaei roghaeh kardel Ilvari

The Divan attributed to Emam Ali is the masterpiece of Arab world that contains didactic, ethical, and mystical doctrines. Many Arab poets and literary men have tried to get as much possible the knowledge of these doctrines from this Divan and use them in their daily li More

The Divan attributed to Emam Ali is the masterpiece of Arab world that contains didactic, ethical, and mystical doctrines. Many Arab poets and literary men have tried to get as much possible the knowledge of these doctrines from this Divan and use them in their daily lives. Saadi, the graet Iranian poet, also has benefited as much as possible from didactic, ethical, and mystical doctrines of  Emam Ali'sDivan. In the present paper, based on the title of the paper, has been tried to investigate the common ethical doctrines between Saadi's Boostan and Emam Ali's Divan. These selected doctrines include ethices that are practical for teaching to people in the society in different social, political, and cultural institutes. A close look at Emam Ali's Divan reveals that all poets and mystics in different religions and ideologies have adapted Emam Ali's mysticism as resource in their works. Manuscript profile

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6 - The effect of educational views of ancient Iranians on the Farsi language with emphasis on the Sadie's seventh chapter of Boostan
vahid Sabzianpour

Sadie has composed the seventh chapter of Boostan under the title of in the world of education. His purpose in composing this chapter is to teach the methods of education and ethics. Most of researchers believe that Sadie's works, especially this part, is under influenc More

Sadie has composed the seventh chapter of Boostan under the title of in the world of education. His purpose in composing this chapter is to teach the methods of education and ethics. Most of researchers believe that Sadie's works, especially this part, is under influence of Arabic culture and Islamic thoughts.  This article shows that the source of Sadie's thoughts in the issues of education is coordinated well both with Arabic and Iranian culture. The results of this research represent the necessity of attention to the Arabic sources for discovering of the ancient Iranians' views and its effect on Persian literature. The chronological sequence of Iranians' point of view to Arabic and Islamic thoughts shows that the people of the Persians were familiar with so many of educational and ethical affairs which today considered as Islamic or Arabic. Therefore, they have gone beyond the field of Iranian culture and Pahlavi texts and have entered to the realm of Arabic culture. Unfortunately, the references to the Iranian view in the explanation and interpretation of Persian texts have been neglected by researchers, so it is necessary to pay attention not only to the effectiveness of the Persian literature from the Arab literature but also to the effectiveness of the Iranian culture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Content analysis of general skills in marital and familial life in Saadi's Boostan
MARYAM Fatehizade SAHAR Khanjani Fatemeh Bahrami

The aim of this research is content analysis of general skills in marital and familial life in Boostan of Saadi. The study is descriptive, content analysis and qualitative. Boostan of Saadi is analyzed by check list of researcher that is made with marital and familial l More

The aim of this research is content analysis of general skills in marital and familial life in Boostan of Saadi. The study is descriptive, content analysis and qualitative. Boostan of Saadi is analyzed by check list of researcher that is made with marital and familial life in general skills. Then the data are analyzed by statistical indicator. The results showed that 302 times in Boostan of Saadi mentioned to marital and familial life in general skills totally.Boostan of Saadi has attended to skills such as deliberate speech, not verbosity, speak in fit opportunities, benefit of silence, importance of nonverbal rather than verbal communication, controlling anger, love, patience, not impulsive acts, forgive and overlook, censurable and good tempered.Study on marital and family life in general skills in Boostan of Saadi shown that how Saadi mentioned to skills of marital and familial skills in each his poem. Marital and familial skills drew the field of poetry with specific sweets. Saadi in compare with other Persian language poets has considered more the familial and social problems and religious attitudes and values. Several factors are linked with locution’s eloquence of Sheykh e Ajal. He is using from every opportunity to deliver his own language and to attract audiences. Although the main goal of Saadi didn’t story making his subtlety and delicacy in individuals selection and anecdote elements are effective on his rhetoric. Manuscript profile

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8 - The study and analysis of Saadi's approach in releasing human being from pain and suffering
Soorollah Norouzi Davoodkhani

Saadi, as a social psychologist by reflecting upon the spirit of the society, always tried to build a healthy ideal society by highlighting good and worthy affairs and rejecting the bad ones. He is often in compliance with the affairs of the world and by placing value o More

Saadi, as a social psychologist by reflecting upon the spirit of the society, always tried to build a healthy ideal society by highlighting good and worthy affairs and rejecting the bad ones. He is often in compliance with the affairs of the world and by placing value on the act of serving the people; he aims at encouraging the members of the society especially the rulers to be at the service of the people. Hence, he can relieve some of the pains and suffering of the human beings. On the one hand, he calls for human beings cooperation and sympathy with their fellowmen in order to release them from pain and suffering. on the other hand, by making use of different ethical, religious, and rational discourses and highlighting the good affairs he tries to provide necessary frameworks to build a healthy and balanced society. He establishes a sound and balanced bond accompanied by love and endearment to each other in social occasions and communications among the people. As a result, he brings spiritual peace and comfort to the society. In a structural and comprehensive perspective on the poems and prose of Saadi, we can say that Saadi has ethical and humane approach toward the phenomena of pain and suffering, and the pain and sufferings raised in his poems belong to the whole society rather than the specific strata or society; they belong to all the individuals who are in contact with each other like the organs of human body.   Manuscript profile

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9 - Economical advices of Saadi in Boostan and Golestan
mosa Parnian arman hosseini Abbariki

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10 - The scientific and practical characteristics of a ruler in the first chapter of Saadi’s Boostan
ali Heydari

 Boostan, undoubtedly is one the famous poetical literary works. This specific masterpiece can be considered from several aspects including psychological, philosophical, social and political views. Boostan exactly can be judged as an Utopia for Saadi in which he tr More

 Boostan, undoubtedly is one the famous poetical literary works. This specific masterpiece can be considered from several aspects including psychological, philosophical, social and political views. Boostan exactly can be judged as an Utopia for Saadi in which he tries to depict the celestial society. The first chapter including justice, wisdom, intelligent, God fearing Saadi collects the insight around the managing of this depicting utopia. It is clear that this eminent poet deliberately chooses the names like Wisdom, Intelligent and Justice for the first chapter of his book. Here. Signs that show this truth demonstrate that Saadi wants to criticize the ideas of Plato and others. In this paper poet's views which placed in the first couplet will be discussed. In the couplet "Justice, intelligence, wisdom, guarding the creatures and fearing of God” have been explained. Manuscript profile

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11 - The education of spring wind A Discussion on “Indirect control” as one of Saadi’s education techniques
mohammadreza Hassani Jalilian ghasem Sahraei

A major part of Saadi reputation owes to his talent of speech and his great eloquence. However, he is not one of the poets that show his ability of writing and speaking for just reputation and eminence. Saadi is a reformist of societies who comprehend the society’ More

A major part of Saadi reputation owes to his talent of speech and his great eloquence. However, he is not one of the poets that show his ability of writing and speaking for just reputation and eminence. Saadi is a reformist of societies who comprehend the society’s problem and monarch of his time and uses his writing for amending and modifying the culpability and deficiency. It is clear that the mechanism and instrument of this poet is his language and always he uses this language for advising the ruler of his time. His art manifest itself in advising this monarch. In other word, the poet prefers the indirect way of education for leaders. In this way the poet tries to advise in his story and save himself from the punishment of ruler. In this way, he escapes from the punishment of the rulers and their bad tempers and makes the bitter drug of advice sweeter. In this paper, this didactic technique of Saadi will be discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Ethical and moral themes in the utopia of Saadi in Boostan and its comparison with Imam Ali’s Nahjolbalaghe
ferydon tahmasbi

An attempt was made to compare some moral and educational themes of Saadi’s Boostan that has been emphasized in his utopia with those moral themes in Nahjolbalaghe of Imam Ali (AS). Boostan is a valuable social Masnavi in which the poet depicted the world in such More

An attempt was made to compare some moral and educational themes of Saadi’s Boostan that has been emphasized in his utopia with those moral themes in Nahjolbalaghe of Imam Ali (AS). Boostan is a valuable social Masnavi in which the poet depicted the world in such a way that it should be. The moral themes of human beings that have been suggested in the book bring happiness and prosperity for human and prepare them to live in utopia. Saadi designed his utopia under the influence of Islamic human values, Nahjolbalaghe and Quran that they are the most complete models and patterns. Saadi is one of the poets and authors who have been influenced by Nahjolbalaghe.The amount of this effectiveness for his work has surprised researchers. This study is trying to answer this question. Did Saadi pay attention to religious text in Boostan, particularly Nahjolbalaghe, and how much is the amount of this effectiveness in the area of ethical and moral themes? Manuscript profile

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13 - Measuring the satisfaction of the quality of life in raw cities (case study: Boostan and Sepidar cities, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces)
Ali Hosseini ali saberi

Introduction: One of the strategies that has been considered in recent decades to raise the standard of living for those who live in rural regions is the concept of converting those places into cities. Due to this policy, several rural communities in Iran have transform More

Introduction: One of the strategies that has been considered in recent decades to raise the standard of living for those who live in rural regions is the concept of converting those places into cities. Due to this policy, several rural communities in Iran have transformed into cities during the past few decades.Research Aim: residents' satisfaction with their quality of life in Boostan and Sepidar and examine how the conversion of rural regions into cities has improved their quality of life.Methodology: Also, the research type is applied and the method is descriptive-analytical. The research data were gathered through library study and field research. The residents of the studied cities represent the research's statistical population, which was determined using the Cochran formula with a sample of 270 persons. The research was analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Kolmogorov– Smirnov test , Friedman  test, and ordinal regression.Geographical Area: This study was conducted in Boostan and Sepidar cities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces.Results: The study's findings indicate that the two cities have varied levels of satisfaction with their of life. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test findings show that Boostan city residents are better satisfied with their quality of life. According to the findings of the Friedman test, place quality in Sepidar city and the educational in Boostan city has the maximum degree of satisfaction. while the the component of economic in both cities have the minimum levels of satisfaction.The results of ordinal regression also demonstrate that whereas the independent factors in Sepidar city have a weak and low influence on the dependent variable of quality of life satisfaction, they have a significant and positive impact in Boostan city.Conclusion: In general, the results of the study show that the policy of promoting settlements and the measures taken have been successful in Boostan in contrast to Sepidar. Manuscript profile

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14 - Assessing the Impact of Land Use Changes and Rangeland and Forest Degradation on Flooding Using Watershed Modeling System
Nafiseh Moghadasi Iman Karimirad Vahedberdi Sheikh

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15 - A Look at the Impact of Mongol Invasion in Using the words of Punishment and encouragement in Saadi's Gulistan and Boostan
Hossein Safarinezhad Ali Asghar Halabi

Abstract         Saadi of Shiraz should be considered as one of the greatest teachers of ethics and one of the most influential speakers of Iran. He, beautifully and clearly in his work, as a committed sociologist, stated the great ev More

Abstract         Saadi of Shiraz should be considered as one of the greatest teachers of ethics and one of the most influential speakers of Iran. He, beautifully and clearly in his work, as a committed sociologist, stated the great events of his time which coincides with one of the most important historical periods of the country, devastating Mongol invasion. The present paper tries to provide some examples of verses and phrases with the vocabulary of punitive and encouraging in two moral – didactic books of The Gulistan and The Boostan where punishment has higher frequency compared to encouragement in terms of types and frequency. Also, its increase in the Boostan has more significant growth than in the Gulistan could be the consequences of uncultured people and semi-wild government on people and the prevalence of crime, criminality and violence among the rulers of society and in turn in people. Manuscript profile

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