List of Articles Beta Convergence

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  1 - Convergence of Per Capita Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes in Countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization
  Aziz Rezapour Samira Alipour Vahid Alipour Maryam Soleymani Movahed
  Introduction: Economic growth in rich countries tends to slow down naturally, so the growth process will ultimately lead to convergence. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergence of per capita health expenditures and health outcomes in countries of the Eco More

  Introduction: Economic growth in rich countries tends to slow down naturally, so the growth process will ultimately lead to convergence. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergence of per capita health expenditures and health outcomes in countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical Study that was done with the economic data of the countries of the Economic Cooperation Organization in 1995 -2014 and using EViews software version 10. Stochastic convergence using Panel Unit-Root test, and also the standard deviation of log per capita health expenditures and health outcomes have been used to evaluate sigma convergence, and beta convergence with estimating the panel data convergence model. Results: Absolute and conditional stochastic convergence in per capita health expenditures were not approved in ECO countries. The coefficient of the absolute beta convergence of per capita health expenditure in ECO countries was 0.29. The conditional beta convergence coefficient was 0.30 in countries with high human development and that was 0.01 in countries with medium human development. The life expectancy Beta convergence coefficient was 0.28 in ECO-countries and 1.16 for the under-five mortality rate. There is no sigma convergence. Conclusion: Based on the results, the non - convergence of per capita health expenditure and health outcomes divergence show an increase in disparity and revealthat poorer countries have improved their health at a much slower rate than their wealthier member in ECO. Therefore, it is necessary that ECO policies be planned and implemented with the aim of reducing regional differences. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Health Expenditure Convergence in Iranian Provinces: A Panel Generalized Moment Model
  Elham Fatholahi
  10.30495/jhm.2023.72369.11115
  Introduction: The development of the social sector is one of the key goals of the government of any country, especially less developed or developing countries. The importance of health as one of the key aspects of development and economic well-being of individuals and n More

  Introduction: The development of the social sector is one of the key goals of the government of any country, especially less developed or developing countries. The importance of health as one of the key aspects of development and economic well-being of individuals and nations is increasingly recognized in the world. This can be seen from a series of reforms carried out by countries to increase investment in health in order to achieve the health Millennium Development Goals. The lack of investment in health and measures to address environmental and social determinants of health is a serious limitation to improve health outcomes in these countries. Considering that the convergence of governments in per capita health costs leads to a decrease in inequality or an increase in equality across regions, which will be a major development goal of a nation or governments, this research examines the process of convergence in terms of health costs. It evaluates per capita.Methods: In this research, the convergence of health expenditures per capita in the provinces of Iran is studied using the dynamic panel method. Therefore, for this purpose, the data related to 30 provinces of the country during the years 2007 to 2019 have been used. Due to the separation of Alborz province since 2010, the data related to this province has been calculated with Tehran province. In order to analyze the convergence process of per capita health costs of the provinces, the beta and sigma convergence method and the dynamic panel generalized moment model (Panel GMM) will be used.Results: The results showed that there is absolute and conditional beta convergence in health expenditure per capita in the provinces of Iran. The speed of convergence in government per capita expenditures on health is higher than private per capita expenditures, and this has been effective in the general convergence process of per capita health expenditures in each province. Also, the examination of the distribution of per capita health costs in each province indicates the existence of sigma convergence in the provinces of Iran.Conclusion: Although there is a path for convergence, this analysis has revealed the need to invest more resources in the field of healthcare. In fact, the current levels of investments that have been made in the health of the country are not enough to expand the huge project of the health sector. As the convergence of sigma in relation to private and public spending on each person's health showed, the dispersion of the mentioned components has decreased. This means that the variable that has a lower standard deviation (state health expenditures per capita) has created uniform and homogeneous expenditures in the health sector. Government expenses alone are not responsible for healthcare expenses, and the private sector needs to invest in this matter. In general, the health sector requires more expenses than public revenues. As a result, a problem is observed in the healthcare systems of most countries, and that is the pressure on government revenues. As a result, in terms of recommendations for health policies, diversification of financial resources for this level of health, treatment and health is one of the strategies that should be considered. Manuscript profile