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        1 - Designing Prediction Model of Financial Restatements Using Neural-Genetic Simulation Algorithm
        Sasan Mehrani Akbar Rahimi poor
        The increased number of restatements in recent years has increased the wor-ries about the quality of financial reporting among the beneficiary groups. The pres-ence of prior period adjustments and, subsequently, the financial restatements have a negative impact on the r More
        The increased number of restatements in recent years has increased the wor-ries about the quality of financial reporting among the beneficiary groups. The pres-ence of prior period adjustments and, subsequently, the financial restatements have a negative impact on the relatedness and reliability of the financial state-ments. The present study is aimed to present an appropriate criterion for predict-ing the financial restatements based on the Beneish model and its indices in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock & Exchange between 2009 and 2020. For this purpose, a total of 265 companies were selected considering the limitations. Also, the model estimation was per-formed using Beneish's primary model, a meta-heuristic neural network model, and optimization through genetic programming. As indicated by the obtained results based on the confusion matrix, the efficiency of the pro-posed model derived from the enhanced Beneish model with a genetic algo-rithm(S – 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒) had a total prediction accuracy of 73.21%, which was the highest prediction power compared to the Beneish Model . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Providing a Model for Financial Irregularity with the Fuzzy Delphi Technique Approach: Modifying the Beneish Model.
        Mehdi Shahmoradi Farhad Hanifi Zadollah Fathi farzaneh heidarpoor
        Among the very important topics that are currently being considered in most researches is the discussion of financial disorder and the results that come from it. For this reason, it is very important to determine the factors affecting the level of financial disorder in More
        Among the very important topics that are currently being considered in most researches is the discussion of financial disorder and the results that come from it. For this reason, it is very important to determine the factors affecting the level of financial disorder in companies, because a comprehensive index has not been provided to measure financial disorder, and in the present study, by considering different indicators of financial disorder through methods such as the multi-criteria decision making index, a comprehensive index has also been presented. It was paid to measure financial irregularities. In this regard, the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2010 to 2019 were examined based on a sample of 167 companies. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared in line with the opinions of experts to measure financial irregularity and was distributed among experts. Multi-criteria decision-making method was used to give weight to each of the considered criteria. Also, in order to measure the relationships of the hidden variable, which in this research is financial irregularity, confirmatory factor analysis was used; The obtained results show that the proposed model is a suitable indicator for financial disorder. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Presenting a Model for Financial Disorder Index with Emphasis on Financial Risk
        Mehdi Shahmoradi Farhad Hanifi Zadallah Fathi
        Abstract From a theoretical point of view, the meaning of financial disorder is to try to reduce the opportunistic behavior of managers; Therefore, it seems that many companies are involved in financial irregularities, and for this reason, it is very important to deter More
        Abstract From a theoretical point of view, the meaning of financial disorder is to try to reduce the opportunistic behavior of managers; Therefore, it seems that many companies are involved in financial irregularities, and for this reason, it is very important to determine the factors affecting the level of financial irregularities in companies, for this purpose, the indigenous model of Hanifi et al. (2022) was used. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among experts to ask the opinion of the experts about the weight and importance of the criteria considered for measuring the financial irregularity of the company, and the weight and importance of the criteria were determined using one of the methods of the multi-criteria decision-making model (Shannon's entropy). Also, in order to measure the relationships of the hidden variable, which in this research is financial irregularity, confirmatory factor analysis was used; Also, in this research, we will try to measure the impact of financial risk on the presented model of financial disorder. Therefore, in this research, data from 167 companies during the years 1390 to 1400 has been used. The obtained results show that the proposed model is a suitable indicator for financial disorder. Also, the results include that financial risk increases financial irregularity Manuscript profile