Bayhaq

Open Access Article

1 - Local Competition in Bayhaq: Political Roots (3-7 AH)
مرتضی دانشیار

In the early Islamic centuries, Bayhaq region was a dependent ofNīshāpūr. In the first Islamic century when the Khurasan- Iraq- roadreplaced by Nīshāpūr-Bayhaq- Ray- Iraq highway, Bayhaq gainedincreasing commercial and military importance. So that, her safeguardbecame a More

In the early Islamic centuries, Bayhaq region was a dependent ofNīshāpūr. In the first Islamic century when the Khurasan- Iraq- roadreplaced by Nīshāpūr-Bayhaq- Ray- Iraq highway, Bayhaq gainedincreasing commercial and military importance. So that, her safeguardbecame a priority for governors of Khurasan. Since then Bayhaqexperienced both local uprisings and competitions as well. Presentstudy intends to examine causes of this instability. The findingssuggest that policy of governors of Khurasan in changing the seat ofthe Bayhaq region was a main cause of local competition and conflict. Manuscript profile

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2 - Studying the Historical Grammar of Language in "Khishkhaneh" story in Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī
Anvar Abbas Majid

Grammar commands and topics have an unlimited range. Language, both spoken and written, is not stable and like many phenomena undergoes change and transformation. In the dynamic path of language, words, letters, verbs and any relating issue to language are som More

Grammar commands and topics have an unlimited range. Language, both spoken and written, is not stable and like many phenomena undergoes change and transformation. In the dynamic path of language, words, letters, verbs and any relating issue to language are sometimes forgotten and sometimes changed which has made it difficult to know the language and grammar. Understanding grammatical processes and transformations from the past to the present leads to a better and more accurate understanding of ancient texts. "Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī" is one of the texts that has always been considered by researchers from literal, historical, social, geographical, and anthropological and etc. Knowing the language and grammatical points of the work leads to a correct understanding of the audience. The prose of the abovementioned book is an intermediate text. It is a combination of the steadfastness and simplicity of Samanid era and the technical prose of its time. The present study intends to survey the historical order of language in "Khishkhaneh" story. Manuscript profile

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3 - Critique and Analysis of Deception in Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī and Shahnameh
Mansour Morrei Habib Jadidoleslami Behrouz Romiani

The deception and behavior of the deceivers is clearly evident in two Persian precious and artistic books "Shahnameh" and "Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī”. Trickery has been applied in the epic-mythological and historical sections of "Shahnameh", which seems to be most fre More

The deception and behavior of the deceivers is clearly evident in two Persian precious and artistic books "Shahnameh" and "Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī”. Trickery has been applied in the epic-mythological and historical sections of "Shahnameh", which seems to be most frequent in its epic section with personal, human and national motives and goals. In spite of negative connotation of deception and trickery, its positive aspects and concepts can be seen in "Shahnameh”. Is the deception due to the behavior of influential political figures such as Mahmoud, Massoud and Bu Sahl and etc.... who were powerful and governor in a specific era deceived and managed to prevent chaos? or Mahmoudians who developed anxiety and instability by deceiving and tricking Masoud fans and followers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Elements of fiction in Afshin and Bodelaf
Rezvan Karimi Touraj Aghdaee

In Iranian literature, Abol-Fazl Bayhaqi’s Tarikh-e Bayhaqi is a unique masterpiece which has a narrative structure. Bayhaqi opens a window to the historical events, and uses such elements of fiction as characterization, dialogue, point of view, plot details and d More

In Iranian literature, Abol-Fazl Bayhaqi’s Tarikh-e Bayhaqi is a unique masterpiece which has a narrative structure. Bayhaqi opens a window to the historical events, and uses such elements of fiction as characterization, dialogue, point of view, plot details and description to make the readers involved and familiar with the setting and atmosphere. He, by so doing, establishes a close relation with his readers. This article is to study Bayhaqi’s art of story-telling through investigating the elements of fiction in the story of “Afshin and Bodelaf” in order to find out whether he had been to narrate stories or applying those elements of fiction in his work had been unintentional. To achieve the answer for that question, all the elements in “Afshin and Bodelaf” are compared to the theories of fiction.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - An Analytical Interpretation of Originally Persian Words in Tārīkh-e Bayhaqī
mahmoud sadeghzadeh Fateme eatedal

Tārīkh-e Bayhaqī is among the masterpieces of Persian prose, and every Persian-speaking scholar knows about it since it carries both literary and historical merits. The prose language of Tārīkh-e Bayhaqī is so rich and arresting that makes it unique in the literary hist More

Tārīkh-e Bayhaqī is among the masterpieces of Persian prose, and every Persian-speaking scholar knows about it since it carries both literary and historical merits. The prose language of Tārīkh-e Bayhaqī is so rich and arresting that makes it unique in the literary history of Iran. texts ever existed in Iran’s literature history. Bayhaqī is among those writers who have shown their artistry in using Persian words. Since the main focus of this article has been investigating the originally Persian words and terms in Tārīkh-e Bayhaqī, the linguistic features of pure Persian language in his prose have been analyzed and studied via a descriptive-analytical approach. To do so, the derivation and word formation of the prose has been explored first, and then the etymology and history of different parts of speech have been traced back, and as the last step, the frequency of the words in the book has been presented quantitatively. In addition to Arabic, Turkish and Mongolic words,Bayhaqī has used Pahlavi, Avestan and Persian words abundantly in his work. The most frequently-used Persian words in the book are nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs respectively, and they are either simple words, derived nominal or compounds structurally; though derived nominal and compound words are more frequented than simple words. Manuscript profile

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6 - The Study of Conceptual & Phonological Changes of Arabic Words in Bayhaqi's History
Mohammad Jannati far AliRedha Mohammad Redhaei Naiyreh NaDhar Ria

The fifth century (lunar calendar) is considered significant in the matters of historical aspects. It is the  time in which dependent governments rose and little by little tried to free themselves from Arab governance. But it meant that governance of Turks and Mong More

The fifth century (lunar calendar) is considered significant in the matters of historical aspects. It is the  time in which dependent governments rose and little by little tried to free themselves from Arab governance. But it meant that governance of Turks and Mongols were arriving. At that unsteady time that the political Iranian governments were facing, the historians were obliged to hold another responsibility and among them, Abolfazl Bayhaqi rose with his famous history so-called History of Beihaghi and he is at the top ranking.      Presence of a body such as Risalat (Commission) and Clerical office implies that the social and administrative layers. Bayhaqi not only tried to use Arabic language just for public and conscious aspects of usage but because of his language environment he had to use Arabic language in all language levels, inevitably. Study of History of Bayhaqi by itself and also regarding such social and cultural circumstances in brief are all the factors clearing this issue. But beside this unconscious use which is considered as that era’s language suitability, Bayhaqi himself who was a great Arabic knower and well-grounded clerk has used the proverbs, poems and narrations at their place.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Quality of Allegory Representation in Bayhaqi's History
soheil fatahi roghayeh alavi

One of the most important features that are considered in the stylistics of prose is the illustrative elements and the extent of its use in prose texts. Allegory, in particular, is significant because of the effect that it has on the attractiveness of speech. Through re More

One of the most important features that are considered in the stylistics of prose is the illustrative elements and the extent of its use in prose texts. Allegory, in particular, is significant because of the effect that it has on the attractiveness of speech. Through reading Bayhaqi's History (Tarikh-e Beyhaqi), this study, which has used an analytical-descriptive approach and is based on library sources, aims to investigate the key strategies of Beyhaqi in the way of expressing allegory. The prose of Bayhaqi's History is intermediate and the study of the techniques of using allegory is also effective in understanding the course of the transmission of the style of its epoch. This article has been written with the general aim of presenting the characteristics of allegory and the methods of its application in Bayhaqi's History. Particularly it seeks to clarify the place of allegory in Bayhaqi's History as well as the method, quality and scale used in the application of allegory. It is worth mentioning that no prior research has been done on the quality of allegory in Bayhaqi's History. The discussion addresses the retrieval of allegories from the Bayhaqi's History, as well as analysis of how it is interpreted and the statistical significance of each allegory. Meanwhile, allegory is often embellished with a literary quality in the form of poetic adjectives, which is not seen in other contemporary Beyhaqi texts. Also, the sublime meaning of Beyhaqi's speech sometimes reaches a degree of wisdom that can be turned into a magnificent allegory without the use of any illustration techniques. Under the heading of "sublime meaning," these cases were investigated. Often it is seen that Beyhaqi's speech is reminiscent of the poems and words of previous poets before and after him so that the mind familiar with the other text, instinctively understands it. In the meantime, Saadi's words are recalled more than others in Bayhaqi's History. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - truth telling according to king`s cruelty in Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
hossein asghary

historians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical w More

historians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical writings. In a quick research , these effects can be observed in the form of paradox and metaphor and sometimes vagueness with complex goals in Tarikh-i Bayhaqi . anyway Tarikh-i Bayhaqi is one of the most valuable literary works in the field of history writing. in this article we pay attention to the ways of Bayhaqi in writing the truth and we also talk about how he managed to enlighten a corner of the truth in spite of absolutism and cruelty of the king. It is obvious that in the past, historians had a complicated and difficult job at writing the truth according to the fact that they were working for the kings. so always there were obstacles in their way. they would write only what the king wanted or they would clarify a corner of the truth by means of literary tricks like metaphor an paradox so they could fulfil their obligation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - truth tellingin Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
hossein asghary

historians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical w More

historians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical writings. In a quick research , these effects can be observed in the form of paradox and metaphor and sometimes vagueness with complex goals in Tarikh-i Bayhaqi . anyway Tarikh-i Bayhaqi is one of the most valuable literary works in the field of history writing. in this article we pay attention to the ways of Bayhaqi in writing the truth and we also talk about how he managed to enlighten a corner of the truth in spite of absolutism and cruelty of the king. It is obvious that in the past, historians had a complicated and difficult job at writing the truth according to the fact that they were working for the kings. so always there were obstacles in their way. they would write only what the king wanted or they would clarify a corner of the truth by means of literary tricks like metaphor an paradox so they could fulfil their obligation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Truth tellingin Tarikh-i Bayhaqi
hossien asgari

Historians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical w More

Historians had different kinds of obstacles in their way of writing the history in the past, and maybe the biggest problem was telling the truth according to the cruelty of the kings, and suppression of absolute society in that time can be seen variously in historical writings. In a quick research, these effects can be observed in the form of paradox and metaphor and sometimes vagueness with complex goals in Tarikh-i Bayhaqi . Anyway Tarikh-i Bayhaqi is one of the most valuable literary works in the field of history writing. in this article we pay attention to the ways of Bayhaqi in writing the truth and we also talk about how he managed to enlighten a corner of the truth in spite of absolutism and cruelty of the king. It is obvious that in the past, historians had a complicated and difficult job at writing the truth according to the fact that they were working for the kings. so always there were obstacles in their way. they would write only what the king wanted or they would clarify a corner of the truth by means of literary tricks like metaphor an paradox so they could fulfil their obligation     Manuscript profile

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