Basalt

Open Access Article

1 - New Medias in Multi – Layer Filters and Comparing their Performance with Conventional Multi – Layer Filter
Mostafa Khezri Farima Roshan Abkenar

10.22034/jest.2019.15946

Background and Objective: In order to purify drinking water, we usually use different water treatment units which one of them is filtration. Today multi media and specially two media filtration one usual units in developed countries but unfortunately in Iran we still us More

Background and Objective: In order to purify drinking water, we usually use different water treatment units which one of them is filtration. Today multi media and specially two media filtration one usual units in developed countries but unfortunately in Iran we still use the single media filtration. In order to develop these types of media in Iran we perforemed this research. The purpose of this study is to investigate new media from waste material for alternative use in Sand – Anthracite media beds. Method: This study is the results from one of the experiential research in pilot scale. All of the experiments were done according to AWWA B 100 standard method and also different parameters including turbidity, running time were considered. Findings: Results showed average turbidity removal efficiency of three media Sand – Anthracite, Basalt – Anthracite, Granite – Anthracite are 91.4, 92.1, 92.9 respectively and best height of two media beds is 85 cm, and maximum running time belongs to Granite – Anthracite bed. Discussion and Conclusion: Performance of Basalt material is very similar to Sand from hardness and solubility in acid points. So we suggest that waste Granite and Basalt are very good substitution for sand in water treatment industries.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Pliocene volcanic activity of the Harrat Ash-Sham, South of Syria: geochemistry and petrogenesis
Safwan Dawod Ali Al-Mishwat Abdulkarim Al Abdalla

The Cenozoic volcanic activity of the Harrat Ash Sham volcanic field in south of Syria is a part of the extensive magmatism that took place in the auxiliary extension faults along the Dead Sea Fault Zone from upper Eocene to Holocene. Pliocene volcanic rocks form an imp More

The Cenozoic volcanic activity of the Harrat Ash Sham volcanic field in south of Syria is a part of the extensive magmatism that took place in the auxiliary extension faults along the Dead Sea Fault Zone from upper Eocene to Holocene. Pliocene volcanic rocks form an important part of igneous succession in Syrian Part of Harrat as Sham. These rocks vary from basalts flows to scoria. Pliocene basalts are divided into three primary petrographic groups: olivine basalt, olivine-pyroxene basalt and basanite. The three petro-types are alkaline and have similar compositional ranges of major and trace elements. Variations in the contents of major and minor elements in the Pliocene basaltic rocks are very slight. Such homogeneity in the chemical composition indicates to the operation of petrological processes that reinforced each other during the genesis of these rocks. The geochemical characteristics of the Pliocene basalt rocks reflect crystallization from primitive basic magmas that have experienced limited crystal fractionation process subsequent to their derivation by partial melting of the upper mantle. Manuscript profile

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3 - Distribution and geochemical variations among paleogene volcanic rocks from the north-central Lut block, eastern Iran
Saeed Saadat Charles Stern

The Lut block in eastern Iran is a micro-continental block within the convergent orogen between the Arabian, Eurasian and Indian plates. Large areas of the north-central, eastern, and western Lut block are covered by volcanic rocks of Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary a More

The Lut block in eastern Iran is a micro-continental block within the convergent orogen between the Arabian, Eurasian and Indian plates. Large areas of the north-central, eastern, and western Lut block are covered by volcanic rocks of Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary age. Peak volcanic activity took place in the north-central part of the Lut block during the Eocene, and then dramatically decreased, becoming more restricted to the eastern and western margins of the block during the late Miocene and Quaternary. There is also significant variation in chemistry between the Paleogene igneous rocks from the north-central part compared to the Neogene and Quaternary volcanic rocks from the western and eastern margins of the Lut block. The Neogene and Quaternary olivine basalts, which were erupted along both margins of the Lut block, are similar in trace element chemistry to the average composition of oceanic island basalt. In contrast, the Paleogene volcanic units of the north-central Lut block, which include basalts through rhyolites, follow both calc-alkaline and alkaline trends. Low TiO2 and high Ba/Nb and La/Nb ratios for both Paleogene basalts and andesitic samples from the north-central Lut block suggest affinities, at least for some of these samples, with convergent plate boundary arc magmas. LILE/HFSE ratios, interpreted as an indication of subduction signature, increase to the south-southwest of the central Lut block, where Neotethys oceanic crust was subducted beneath Iran in a northeastern direction from approximately Late Triassic to Late Oligocene time. We suggest that components derived from low angle subduction of this crust during the Mesozoic and early Tertiary were stored in the mantle lithosphere below the north-central Lut block until the Paleogene, when changing subduction geometry, associated with the collision of Arabia with Iran and the closing of Neotethys, caused hot asthenosphere to well up under the Lut block. This created the Eocene peak in volcanic activity, generating basalts from asthenospheric mixed with lithospheric melts, with both alkaline and calc-alkaline affinities. After this volcanism waned, becoming restricted during the Neogene to OIB-type alkaline basalts erupted through deep lithospheric structures along both the western and eastern margins of the Lut block. Manuscript profile

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4 - Petrology and Presentation: A Seven-Stage Model forGeodynamic Evolution of the Northeast Region of Birjand,East of Northern Lut, Eastern Iran
Esmail Elahpour Soraya Heuss-Aßbichler

The northeast region of Birjand is located in Lut structural and geological province. In this area we can distinguish two separate volcanic rock groups: intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks, including dacite, andesite, rhyolite and trachyandesite; and basic rocks, incl More

The northeast region of Birjand is located in Lut structural and geological province. In this area we can distinguish two separate volcanic rock groups: intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks, including dacite, andesite, rhyolite and trachyandesite; and basic rocks, including basaltic andesite, mugearite and basalt. In this region, intermediate to acidic rocks, which belong to the Eocene-Miocene period according to dating results, are the main formation, and we can see the second, younger (evidently Pliocene) volcanic rock group as outcrops with a northwest-southeast trend in the background of the intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks. Geochemical studies show the differences between these two distinctive groups clearly, and reveal that intermediate to acidic rocks belong to active continental margin calc-alkaline rocks. Studies also show the related mantle magma has been influenced by subducted lithospheric slab and metasomatized by crustal materials. The second volcanic rock group belongs to within-plate alkaline rocks. The linear successions and the arrangement of the basic volcanic rocks’ outcrop in a northwest–southeast trend is in relation to the right lateral fault zones that have branched out of the Nehbandan fault system. As a result of the extensional regime development, and the high depth of these faults, alkaline magma could have formed and ascended to the surface. Considering with accepted ideas concerning eastern Iran geodynamic evolution and our new data, we have tried to complete the previous findings and present a seven-stage model for geological evolution of eastern Iran. Manuscript profile

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5 - Petrochemical Characteristics of Neogene and Quaternary Alkali Olivine Basalts from the Western Margin of the Lut Block, Eastern Iran
S. Saadat M. H. Karimpour Ch. Stern

The Nayband strike-slip fault forms the western margin of the micro-continental Lut block in Eastern Iran. Neogene and Quaternary mafic volcanic rocks collected near Tabas, along the northern part of the fault (NNF; 15 Ma), and further to the south, along the middle par More

The Nayband strike-slip fault forms the western margin of the micro-continental Lut block in Eastern Iran. Neogene and Quaternary mafic volcanic rocks collected near Tabas, along the northern part of the fault (NNF; 15 Ma), and further to the south, along the middle part of the fault (MNF; 2 Ma), are within-plate sodic-series alkali olivine basalts with high TiO2 and up to >16% normative nepheline. Their high MgO, Ni and Cr contents indicate that they crystallized from relatively primitive magmas. Their low La/Nb and Ba/Nb ratios are similar to oceanic island basalts (OIB) and unlike convergent plate boundary arc basalts (IAB). These alkali olivine basalts show enrichment in LREE relative to HREE and limited variation in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic values which all plot in the range of OIB. Ce/Pb (>39), Nb/U (44-120) and P2O5/K2O (~0.4) ratios suggest that crustal contamination was not significant for MNF basalts. The data may be interpreted as indicating the participation of upwelling mantle asthenosphere and the deeper continental mantle lithosphere in the generation of these basalts. They formed by generally low, but variable degrees of partial mantle melting, which decreased with time from 15 Ma NNF relative to2 Ma MNF basalts. The small volume of melts that formed the MNF basalts rose to the surface along the deep Nayband strike-slip fault with no interaction with the continental crust. The larger volume of NNF basalts interacted to some degree with the crust and are associated with basaltic andesites and andesites. Manuscript profile

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6 - Petrology and petrography of quaternary volcanic rocks of north-northeastern Varzaghan (eastern Azarbaijan)
پروین Hajizadeh M.H Emami

The studied area is located in the north-northeastern of Varzaghan in Eastern-Azarbaijan province, andfrom the structural point of view in Alborz-Azarbaijan Zone. In this area the Quaternary volcanicrocks are extended over the Pliocene units. The volcanic rocks under st More

The studied area is located in the north-northeastern of Varzaghan in Eastern-Azarbaijan province, andfrom the structural point of view in Alborz-Azarbaijan Zone. In this area the Quaternary volcanicrocks are extended over the Pliocene units. The volcanic rocks under study are basalt, trachybasalt,trachyandesite and basaltic trachyandesite. These rocks have porphyritic texture with microlitic matrixand their main minerals consist of pyroxene and plagioclase.On the basis of geochemistry studies the volcanic rocks in this area have alkaline nature with sodictendency and are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and depleted in heavy rare earthelements (HREE). Petrographic and geochemistry evidences show the effect of mantle partial melting,fractional crystallization, contamination and continental crustal anatexy phenomena in formation ofvolcanic rocks. According to geotectonic diagrams these volcanic rocks belong to intercontinentalbasalts. Manuscript profile

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7 - Petrography and Geochemistry of the Basic Volcanic rocks of Kuh-e-Gharineh, north-east Ghorveh (west of Iran)
S.J SHikh Zakariyaei افشین Ashja Ardalan سحر Tarabi

The volcano of Kuh-e-Gharineh is one of the volcanic areas of Ghorveh-Tekab in Sanandaj - Sirjan belt andlocated in Ghezelche Kand area. guartz xenocryst, plagioclase and granitoid xenolithe are seem in thecomposition of these rocks.Phenocrysts, xenocrysts, xenolithe ar More

The volcano of Kuh-e-Gharineh is one of the volcanic areas of Ghorveh-Tekab in Sanandaj - Sirjan belt andlocated in Ghezelche Kand area. guartz xenocryst, plagioclase and granitoid xenolithe are seem in thecomposition of these rocks.Phenocrysts, xenocrysts, xenolithe are seem in a backgrand of microcrystalline withporphyric texture and microlytic matrix to glassy vesicular. On the basis of conducted petrographic researches,all rocks are consisted of basalt, olivine basalt and andisi basalt compounds. According to geochemical studies,the studied alkaline basalt rocks (ultrapotassic) are categorized as intraplate alkaline shoshonitic rocks. Thenegative and positive anomalies of normalized patterns of incompatible rare elements show the contaminationwith the crust and the phenomenon of assimilation. The analysis of the portion of the LILE)Litofil Ion LargElements(, HFSE)High Field Small Elements(, and REE )Rare Earth Elements( elements shows a sign of anenriched source similar to OIB)Ocean Island Basalt( oceanic basalt and also considers the role of upper /lowercrusts to be more effective than that of the subcontinental lithosphere in magmas‌contamination. Manuscript profile

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8 - Geochemical and Tectonomagmatic Characteristic Investigations of Intermediate Volcanic Rocks-North of Saveh
Sepideh Aghaverdizadezagheh Shiva Ansari Naser Ebadati

The study area is a part of Urmia-Dokhtar volcanomagmatic belt, the main outcrops of this magmatic belt form the Eocene volcanic units with the northwest-southeast trend. The unit is composed of basaltic, basaltic andesite, dacite, ignimbrite and tuff which is repeated More

The study area is a part of Urmia-Dokhtar volcanomagmatic belt, the main outcrops of this magmatic belt form the Eocene volcanic units with the northwest-southeast trend. The unit is composed of basaltic, basaltic andesite, dacite, ignimbrite and tuff which is repeated throughout the Urmia-Dokhtar area in the geological map and the intrusive masses are more granite, granodiorite to tonalite. The volcanic rocks of the region belong to the age of Eocene including andesitic, trachy andesitic, basaltic andesite, alkaline basalt, dacite and basalt composition which have porphyritic textures with glass groundmass, hyalo microlithic porphyritic, porphyry, porphyritic textures with microlithic groundmass, trachytic, trachytic, microlithic porphyry and Poikilitic textures. The studied samples are often calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic but some samples have tholeiitic nature. Some of the main elemental oxides such as CaO, TiO2 and MgO with decreasing trend and some of them such as K2O with increasing trend from basic rocks to intermediate-acidic rocks are compatible with the magmatic differentiation process. Some of the dispersions shown in these graphs can be attributed to processes such as alteration, emission and contamination of the magma of the volcanic rocks with crustal materials. Manuscript profile

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