Colocynth with the scientific name of Citrullus colocynthis L. is one of the plants that it's anti–oxidant and anti–diabetic effects has been shown in previous research. In this study, in addition to the phytochemical study of hydro–alcoholic extract o More
Colocynth with the scientific name of Citrullus colocynthis L. is one of the plants that it's anti–oxidant and anti–diabetic effects has been shown in previous research. In this study, in addition to the phytochemical study of hydro–alcoholic extract of Colocynth, its anti–oxidant and inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils from bovine serum albumin as a model protein have been investigated. The fruit of the plant was collected from the desert areas around Qom in the fall of 2017, dried and then extracted by maaceration method. Analysis of secondary compounds of the extract was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the amount of its most important compounds including citrulline and citronellol was obtained by HPLC. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using DPPH method and then the amyloid fibrils were prepared in the test tube at high temperature and low pH and electron microscope imaging was used to confirm the presence of the fibrils. Congored spectroscopy was used to investigate the inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid fibrils. The results showed that methyl beta-galactopyranoside and beta-diglucopyranoside with 29.51% and 6.31% respectively, were the most abundant chemical compounds and tetradcanoic acid with 16.31% and then octa and hexadecanoic acid with respectively 14.11% and 10.94% were the most compounds found in the extract. The levels of citrulline and citronellol in the extract were 0.0041 and 0.013 mg, respectively. The highest anti–oxidant activity was in the concentration of 10 mg/ml of the extract with 71.5% and the highest inhibition of production of amyloid fibers in the concentration of 1 mg/ml and 99% were seen. Colocynth extract with the presence of potent anti–oxidant compounds and its inhibitory effects on the production of amyloid fibrils, will be very useful in preventing and reducing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in AD. The neuroprotective role of Salvia genus against neuronal death is well known. In this study, the protective role More
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in AD. The neuroprotective role of Salvia genus against neuronal death is well known. In this study, the protective role of Salvia macilenta (S. macilenta) extract on AD was investigated. Rats were gavaged by S. macilenta for 10 days. Then, they were injected by Amyloid beta. The molecular level of Ca2+/cAMP response element binding (CREB), and acetylcholine esterase activity were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our results revealed that S. macilenta pretreatment can improve CREB phosphorylation compared to AD model in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (both P<0.001). Pretreatment with S. macilenta reduced percentage of acetylcholine esterase activity compared to AD model in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). S. macilenta has a protective role against amyloid beta-induced toxicity through enhancement of CREB and regulation of the acetylcholine esterase activity that can be a dominant potential candidate in improving AD.
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The Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and hist More
The Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and histological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups. The control group underwent any surgery with no special treatment. The other groups underwent surgery and were assigned to four beta-amyloid groups: one group receiving PBS (beta-amyloid solvent); the sham group was treated with tween 80 (cineole solvent) and the two experimental groups were treated with cineole at 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg doses. The control group, the Alzheimer’s group and the PBS group did not receive any treatments. Finally, behavioral (Shuttle box), biochemical (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, TNF-α) and histological parameters (H&E and Thioflavine S staining) were investigated. In Alzheimer’s-induced rats, the time it took for the rats to go to the dark part of the shuttle box was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than that of the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α in these rats were significantly increased and the level of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, histological studies showed that in Alzheimer’s-induced rats, neuronal cell death occurred extensively in the hippocampus and amyloid plaques increased. Treatment of rats with cineole improved all of the investigated parameters significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Cineole may be used as a suitable natural antioxidant to treat Alzheimer’s disease and reduce its symptoms, requiring further research.
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