List of Articles گروتسک

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  1 - Investigation and analysis of grotesque images in the poems of Shams Langroudi
  Teymout Karami Mah Nazari
  10.30495/dk.2021.1941263.2343
  Grotesque images in Shams Langroudi's poems can be considered according to the social and personal developments of his life. He has always been very influenced by the events around him. Shams Langroudi depicts adversity and bitterness in the form of his poems and using More

  Grotesque images in Shams Langroudi's poems can be considered according to the social and personal developments of his life. He has always been very influenced by the events around him. Shams Langroudi depicts adversity and bitterness in the form of his poems and using the tools and aspects of grotesque for the audience of his works.    Until the publication of "Grotesque in Literature" in 1957 by Wolfgang Kaiser, grotesque was only a violent comedy. But Kaiser and Mikhail Bakhtin introduced other dimensions and aspects of grotesque, such as comedy and horror, disharmony, incoherence, and grotesque exaggeration to literature. In this research, using analytical-descriptive method and using library sources, while examining the grotesque poems of Shams Langroudi, we try to find out which aspect of the grotesque aspects is used in his poems and has more expression? Given our knowledge of his character, it is expected that the comedic aspect of horror will be more prevalent in his poems. The result of the research, however, indicates a higher frequency of inconsistency than other grotesque aspects in Shams Langroudi's poems. Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Comparative Study of Grotesque in Bahram Sadeghi and Gholam Hossein Sa'edi’s Stories with an Emphasis on Philip Thomson’s Theory
  Massoumeh Delfan Manouchehr Joukar Manouchehr Tashakori
  10.30495/dk.2023.700178
  Grotesque is a pseudo-literary and artistic comic in which the writer or the teller derides abnormalities with an unpleasant and disgusting and funny exaggerated one. Grotesque elements create a dual space in a literary and artistic work and create a structure that comb More

  Grotesque is a pseudo-literary and artistic comic in which the writer or the teller derides abnormalities with an unpleasant and disgusting and funny exaggerated one. Grotesque elements create a dual space in a literary and artistic work and create a structure that combines opposing thoughts. Grotesque both absorbs and repulses, makes laugh and scares at the same time. Grotesque typically depicts human beings in an exaggerated and crafted way and behaves with regular structures such as time, cause and effect, and logic as if they were otherwise possible. Bahram Sadeghi and Gholam Hossein Sa'edi are among the impressive writers of the 1340s in Iran who picture the life of middle class people after the failure of the coup d'état of 1332. Sadeghi and Sa'edi have both studied psychiatry. Sadeghi and Sa'edi’s originality is in displaying and analyzing the distressed mind of man and showing his psychic conflicts and so they create stories with Grotesque atmosphere. In this paper, while addressing the reasons and the grounds for creating the Grotesque space in the works of these two writers, Grotesque elements of Gholam Hossein Sa'edi's fictional works and the collection of the stories named Trench and the Empty Tanks and Heaven, the long story of Bahram Sadeghi, are studied based on Philip Thompson's theory and the similarities and differences of these two authors are depicted. According to this study, Grotesque elements are more frequent in Sa'edi’s works than those of Sadeghi’s as there are 216 elements in Sa'edi’s works and 75 elements in Sadeghi’s. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The Study of Bakhtin's Carnival Motifs in the Poetry of Hafez
  Azar Daneshgar
  Carnivals are public folk feasts in which social classes are inverted. Clowns become kings; fools become sages; and saints are ridiculed. Thus, relativity of all claims is demonstrated through humor. It was Mikhail Bakhtin, the great twentieth century critic, who introd More

  Carnivals are public folk feasts in which social classes are inverted. Clowns become kings; fools become sages; and saints are ridiculed. Thus, relativity of all claims is demonstrated through humor. It was Mikhail Bakhtin, the great twentieth century critic, who introduced the theory of Carnivalesque, which is a subcategory of folklore and satire, into literature. With the assumption that a new reading of Hafiz based on Carnivalesque in literature is possible, in this research, the researcher seeks to identify the elements of carnival including: philosophical content, secularism, the presence of a character pretending to be mad, reaching a utopian domain and  also grotesque in the poetry of Hafez. Then, using an analytic approach and after explaining Bakhtin’s theory of Carnivalesque and its four categories, the instances of the motifs in the poetry of Hafez are explored and discussed. Manuscript profile
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  4 - the carnivalization of iranian society in the era of constitutionalism (a case study of the works of dehkhoda, mirzadeh eshghi and nasim shomal)
  Fahimeh Shahriari seyed mahmood seyed sadeghi ali ashoori
  10.30495/farsij.2023.1916879.1418
  The term carnival was used by the great Russian critic and philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin in the 20th century to criticize and analyze literary works. This word was presented to him as a culture; A culture that was brash and open, free and unrestrained, played jokes and ga More

  The term carnival was used by the great Russian critic and philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin in the 20th century to criticize and analyze literary works. This word was presented to him as a culture; A culture that was brash and open, free and unrestrained, played jokes and games against the domination of everything powerful and holy and imposed beliefs. According to Bakhtin's theory, the components of carnival in the works of Dehkhoda, Mirzadeh Eshghi, and Nasim Shamal are grotesque realism, laughter of death, non-religiousness, relativity and the juxtaposition of opposite concepts and the promotion of polyphonic space. According to the nature of the topic and research objectives, this research is in the field of descriptive, library-documentary research, which has an applied nature, and in its example, two works by Dehkhoda, one by Mirzadeh Eshghi, and one by Nasim Shamal are examined. The sampling method is selective and the data collection method is documentary. By using a descriptive-analytical method, after introducing the carnival and its components in Persian literature, the analysis of the carnival process in the considered works is done by citing examples. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Golshiri's Modernism in the Novel Prince Ehtejab Using Grotesque Elements
  Seyd Esmaeil Ghafelebashi Fereshte Sadat Hosseini
  Adherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentione More

  Adherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentioned perspective, the novel Prince Ehtejab seeks to explore the depths and penetrates the hidden layers of the characters’ minds, discovers and knows oneself and others, and expresses the realities of society by disrupting the continuous order and sequence of time. Moreover, he used the grotesque genre to open his readers’ eyes to truths overlooked in everyday life in the face of reality. In this article, authors have studied modern techniques in this novel using analytical and library research methods and revealed that the novel Prince Ehtejab has been able to indicate the author to be a modernist. Furthermore, given the characteristics of deviation from accepted norms, metamorphosis, induction of a bitter and odious laughter, personification, depiction of madness in a romantic sense, depiction of dark and terrifying locations, description of horrific tortures, and presentation of a bitter death using metaphor and trope, he has illustrated the events occurred to four generations of an ancestry using the grotesque genre. Manuscript profile