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Open Access Article
1 - Seljuki's Bilingual Scholars and Persian and Arabic Changes
Mohammad Jafari Fariborz Hosseinjanzadeh Zahra YazdaniPersian and Arabic languages – because of dual interactions – are affected by each other through cultural relations since ancient era. But in fifth century – especially in Seljuk's era, the mentioned effects and admixture entered both languages because MorePersian and Arabic languages – because of dual interactions – are affected by each other through cultural relations since ancient era. But in fifth century – especially in Seljuk's era, the mentioned effects and admixture entered both languages because of scientific and literal competitions of leaders which caused their gradual development and completion. The present research which is done based on literary and historical sources as well as new researches, expresses the effective reasons and factors of two languages' development by descriptive – analytical approach; it comes to conclusion that the changes and improvement root of Persian language as a national language and Arabic as a religious and canonical language was in this era. Bilingual authors and poets as well as Seljuki's princes and royals played the most effective role in the mentioned improvement and change. The aim of the paper is to study bilingual political and literary characters of Persian and Arabic languages as well as discovering the reason of two languages' survival in the present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Woman and her Social Position in the Field of Family and Society (Based on Zoya Pirzad's Works)
Solmaz Pourtaghimiuandoab Toraj AghdaieOver the past fewdecades, women writers have been able to reflect on the social, cultural, and emotional issues of woman. Among the themes that can be seen in their works are partriarchy, everyday life, loneliness and trying to find identity, and so on.zoya pirzad, one MoreOver the past fewdecades, women writers have been able to reflect on the social, cultural, and emotional issues of woman. Among the themes that can be seen in their works are partriarchy, everyday life, loneliness and trying to find identity, and so on.zoya pirzad, one of the contemporary women writers, has been able to portray woman and the world of women with a feminine thought and writing. In her works, the main and central character is a woman. A woman with all the worries and issues related to the female world. Some of the womenin pirzads works are passive and patiently bow to problems. But others are willingly trying to solve the problems of individual and social life and establish their position. In this research, the woman and her social status in the works of this author are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - An Investigation of the Selected Linguistic Tricks (Vocabulary and Expressions), Fiction (Spatialization) and Content (Dreaming) in Short Stories by Female Writers from the 70s to the 90s
Fatemeh Ahmadi Mohammad MoradiThe study of women's storytelling and common techniques in their works has been one of the topics of interest in contemporary fiction research. However, Previous research has mainly focused on the study of women's novels, the collection of short stories by leading femal MoreThe study of women's storytelling and common techniques in their works has been one of the topics of interest in contemporary fiction research. However, Previous research has mainly focused on the study of women's novels, the collection of short stories by leading female writers has been less well-researched, especially in recent decades. Hence, a collection of short stories selected from 9 female authors in the literary awards of the 70s to 90s (three authors per decade) was selected and their short stories were analyzed according to the three linguistic tricks (words and expressions), Fiction (atmosphere) and content (dreaming). Furthermore, the evolution of such techniques have been analyzed and compared in the last three decades. The results of the study show that as we move from the 1970s to the 1990s, female writers have used feminine words and expressions less frequently in their short stories. Contrary to the linguistic course of the stories, from the perspective of creating a space, the writers of the stories of the 90s have used home spaces more than other decades (80s and 70s, respectively). In addition, among the home spaces, the most emphasis has been given to sad spaces. In terms of the content element of dreaming, the stories of the 70s differ from other decades, and in the 90s and 80s, this element had little representation in women's stories, a point that may be due to the escape from romantic concepts and a tendency towards realism in the short stories of these two decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation Of Ibn-Arabis Creative Femininity through Contemporary Poets and Writers
Mehdi Momtahen Mehdi Reza Kamali BanianiIn Jungian psychology, there are some important expressions like unconsciousness, introversion, extroversion, and archetype posed all of which are employed in recent discussions of literary criticism, especially psychological criticism and the mythical one. The external MoreIn Jungian psychology, there are some important expressions like unconsciousness, introversion, extroversion, and archetype posed all of which are employed in recent discussions of literary criticism, especially psychological criticism and the mythical one. The external personality and attitude are those things that Jung called them persona or mask, but he believed that all humans have also an internal attitude and personality which is in terms of their unconscious world. There are deep layers of active creativity in Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi's spiritual journey in this article, in which the works of the contemporary poets such as Ahmad Azizi , Sohrab Sepehri, Shamloo, as well as Hedayat's Blind Owl are specifically examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - مطالعه سبک تغییرات جنسیتی و بین فرهنگی در مقالات آیلتس
Jafar Asadiنوشتن مقالات از دیرباز به عنوان شیوه ای مهم برای گفتار نوشتاری در نظر گرفته شده است که برای دانش آموزان ، به ویژه برای زبان آموزان انگلیسی (EFL) ، یک متن دشوار است. نوشتن مقاله همچنین بخش مهمی از سیستم آزمون بین المللی زبان انگلیسی (IELTS) را تشکیل می دهد ، به عنوان یکی Moreنوشتن مقالات از دیرباز به عنوان شیوه ای مهم برای گفتار نوشتاری در نظر گرفته شده است که برای دانش آموزان ، به ویژه برای زبان آموزان انگلیسی (EFL) ، یک متن دشوار است. نوشتن مقاله همچنین بخش مهمی از سیستم آزمون بین المللی زبان انگلیسی (IELTS) را تشکیل می دهد ، به عنوان یکی از معتبرترین آزمون های انگلیسی که برای ارزیابی مهارت زبان افرادی که قصد تحصیل یا کار در زمینه انگلیسی زبان را دارند مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. این پژوهش یک تجزیه و تحلیل ژانر متضاد از مقالاتی است که توسط مردان و زنان و نویسندگان بومی و غیر بومی در آزمونهای مقاله ای IELTS task 2 ارائه شده است. هدف اصلی مطالعه این است که آیا نویسندگان بومی و غیر بومی از تکنیک های بلاغی یکسانی در نوشتن مقالات آیلتس استفاده کرده اند یا خیر. مطالعه بر اساس چارچوب حرکت ژانرهای Swales (1990) ، این مدل ، مدلی اصلاح شده از چارچوب حرکت ژانر Swales (1990) را برای مقالات استدلالی برای تعدیل تفاوت های مشاهده شده پیشنهاد کرد. یافته ها تفاوت هایی بین نویسندگان مرد و زن ، بومی و غیر بومی در نوشتن این مقالات آیلتس نشان می دهد. این مقاله دارای مفاهیم نظری و مفاهیم آموزشی قابل توجهی برای معلمان ، زبان آموزان ، توسعه دهندگان مواد و طراحان برنامه درسی نیز می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - نقش جنبش آفریقای آینده نگر بر صدا و هویت در آثار نویسندگان زن رنگین پوست
Zahra Hashemi Hossan Shahabi Mehry Haddad Narafshanدر طول تاریخ زنان سیاهپوست بی عدالتیهای اجتماعی زیادی شامل نژادپرستی، تبعیض جنسی یا نابرابری جنسی را تجربه کردهاند. زنباوری آفریقایی یک ایدئولوژی است که برای همه زنان آفریقایی تبار ایجاد و طراحی شده است و به عنوان مجموعهای از جنبشهای سیاسی، ایدئولوژیها و جنبشهای Moreدر طول تاریخ زنان سیاهپوست بی عدالتیهای اجتماعی زیادی شامل نژادپرستی، تبعیض جنسی یا نابرابری جنسی را تجربه کردهاند. زنباوری آفریقایی یک ایدئولوژی است که برای همه زنان آفریقایی تبار ایجاد و طراحی شده است و به عنوان مجموعهای از جنبشهای سیاسی، ایدئولوژیها و جنبشهای اجتماعی ظهور پیدا کرده است که مبتنی بر یک هدف مشترک می باشند: تعریف، ایجاد و دستیابی به برابری سیاسی، اقتصادی، شخصی و اجتماعی برای هر دو جنسیت. این نهضت در فرهنگ آفریقایی پایهگذاری شده است و متمرکز بر تجارب، تلاشها، نیازها و مطالبات منحصر به فرد زنان آفریقایی است. زنباوری آفریقایی نه تنها موفق شده است که به همه انواع هنرها وارد شود، بلکه بستری در اختیار نویسندگان زن سیاه پوست قرار داده است که در آرزوی این هستند که ضمن بازگشت به هویت از دست رفته خودشان، به عنوان بخشی از گذشته، حال و آیندهی فرهنگ غنی خود شناخته شوند. رماننویسان زن سیاهپوست معاصر از ژانرهایی نظیر جنبش آفروفیتوریسم و پانآفریقا به عنوان چتری برای پوشش زنباوری و فمینیسم سیاهپوستان استفاده کردند تا تنگنای زن آفریقایی و چگونگی تلاش او برای غلبه بر مشکلات خود را نشان دهند. این مطالعه نقش آفروفیتوریسم، پانآفریقا و زن باوری آفریقایی در احیای زنیت سیاهپوستان را از دیدگاه دو نویسنده زن سیاهپوست با دو رویکرد متفاوت مورد بررسی قرار میدهد که راهکارهای بدیعی را در دستیابی قهرمانانشان به قدرت، صدا، بقا و پذیرش هویتها و نقشهای جایگزین به تصویر میکشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Examining the Stories of Female Immigrant Writers Based on Mikhail Bakhtin's Carnivalesque Theory
Fatemeh Jafaryan Shervin Khamseh Soheyla Ghasimi tarshiziThe purpose of this research was to examine the stories of female immigrant writers based on Mikhail Bakhtin's Carnivalesque theory. The research universe included all the stories of female immigrant writers. The sample of the research subsumed the stories of migration MoreThe purpose of this research was to examine the stories of female immigrant writers based on Mikhail Bakhtin's Carnivalesque theory. The research universe included all the stories of female immigrant writers. The sample of the research subsumed the stories of migration from Goli Targhi (12 stories) and Firouze Jazayeri Duma (Laughter Without an Accent), which was analyzed based on Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of Carnivalesque from Dostoyevsky's book Boutique. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data gathering was processed based on the collecting of library information, documents, and note taking on index cards, on the basis of characteristics such as carnival actions, chronotope (examination of time-space), architectonics (organization of subject relationships) and heteroglossia (meaning in the situation) and investigation of situations carnivalization of migration in several stories of the mentioned authors. The data were analyzed according to Bakhtin's theory Carnivalesque. The results showed that, in order to achieve harmony in the conditions of time and place and new situation in a carnivalized environment, the immigrants change their behavior and character to harmonize themselves with the new land. Also, in carnival's view, a foreigner was considered another at any time and place, and she/he could not fully accept the identity of the people of the new land. It was also challenging to cope with the culture, language and situation of people from other lands in the works of Goli Targhi and Firuzeh Jazayeri. Both authors had experienced two types of life in the two situations of homeland and immigrated land. The stories of these two writers were a direct and realistic reflection of their lived world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Repercussions of Oil Industry In Three Novels of Women Writers
S. M. Nourian Sh HatampourPolitical, economic and social developments in a society have always great impacts on its literature.In our country, since the inception of the oil industry, it has been the focus of economic, politicaland social agendas. This industry has grown dramatically in the sout MorePolitical, economic and social developments in a society have always great impacts on its literature.In our country, since the inception of the oil industry, it has been the focus of economic, politicaland social agendas. This industry has grown dramatically in the south and has affected the lifestyles of the people of south. In this paper, we reviewed the repercussion of the oil industry in thenovels “Tuba and The Meaning of The Night” by Shahrnush Parsipour ,” Drowning Experts” byMoniru Ravanipour and ”I Will Turn Off The Lights” by Zoya Pirzad. Positive repercussions of theoil industry were including familiarity with the world literature, cinema, learning English languageand etc. The negatives were including westernization, humiliating native population, disruption ofthe traditions and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Survey on Ideological views of a Novelist: Naturalistic Analysis of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi’s Stories
Kiumars RahmaniNaturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary reali MoreNaturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-century France and elsewhere. Naturalistic writers were influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, philosophical-literal ideas of Taine and experiments of a physiologist named Claude Bernard. Also, philosophical opinions of Kant and Taine which were based on interpretations of social life and relationships influenced the principles of naturalism importantly. Thus, Naturalists believe that people’s behavior has the tendency to be objectified and treated like a machine and it would be impossible to judge it morally because of heredity, environment and moment is inevitable. Hence, we can have knowledge of the mechanisms of natural phenomena in man to define rational and emotional parts of his being which are under the influence of heredity, environment, and the moment. This paper aimed at identifying and describing the naturalistic aspects of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi stories. Naturalistic analysis of his stories can help us to have better in depth insight of his ideology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - عناصر جنسیت-وابسته زبانی در مقالات زبانشناسی کاربردی: ارزیابی نسبی مدلی در زبان و جنسیت
رضا غفارثمر محسن شیرازی زادهاین مطالعه میکوشد تا اعتبار مدل جنسیت-وابستگی در متن (آرگومون، کوپل، فاین و شیمونی، 2003) را در مقالات چاپ شده ی زبان شناسی کاربردی و آموزش زبان که توسط نویسندگان غیر انگلیسی زبان نوشته شده اند مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. ازین رو، پیکره ای نمونه از مقالات مورد نظر جمع Moreاین مطالعه میکوشد تا اعتبار مدل جنسیت-وابستگی در متن (آرگومون، کوپل، فاین و شیمونی، 2003) را در مقالات چاپ شده ی زبان شناسی کاربردی و آموزش زبان که توسط نویسندگان غیر انگلیسی زبان نوشته شده اند مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. ازین رو، پیکره ای نمونه از مقالات مورد نظر جمع آوری شد و نسبت واژگان جنسیت-وابسته به کل واژگان متن محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که هرچند الگوی جنسیت-وابستگی زبانی در مقالات مورد مطالعه که دارای ویژگی گونه ای خاصی بودند نیز حاکم است ولی تفاوت نویسندگان مرد و زن در استفاده از اکثر این عناصر به اندازه ای نیست که از لحاظ آماری معنادار باشد. عدم وجود تفاوت معنادار در پیکره مورد مطالعه بین مردان و زنان در استفاده از بسیاری از عناصری که آرگومون، کوپل، فاین و شیمونی (2003) آنها را "مرد پسند" یا "زن پسند" میدانند میتواند ریشه در "غیر انگلیسی زبان بودن نویسندگان" یا "گونه ی خاص متون" مورد مطالعه داشته باشد. در واقع میتوان اینگونه احتمال داد که ویژگی های فوق امکان بروز عناصر زبانی حاکی از جنسیت مولفین را در نگارش آنان تحت تاثیر قرار داده و تا حدی زیادی دشوار کرده اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Representation of the Prophet’s Battles in the Iranian Books on the History of Islam from 1980 Till Now
Zarifeh Mir farinaz Hooshyar Soheila Torabi FarsaniAbstractAfter migration to Medina, the prophet of Islam (PBUH), was inevitably forced to have fights with the enemies of Islam, namely, pagans and Jews. According to great Maghazi (Raids) reporters in the Islamic World, the battles that the prophet had to have were for MoreAbstractAfter migration to Medina, the prophet of Islam (PBUH), was inevitably forced to have fights with the enemies of Islam, namely, pagans and Jews. According to great Maghazi (Raids) reporters in the Islamic World, the battles that the prophet had to have were for the following reasons: for the breach of promise as in the battle of Banu Qaynuqa in Medina; for the prevention of aggression as in the battle of the Trench; for the retaliation and reciprocation; for the economic blockade imposed, the battle of which is by today’s standards quite legitimate and authorized, as in the battle of Badr; and finally for the prevention of expansion of wars as in the battles against the sporadic raids the Romans had along the borders, and as in the battle of Tabuk. Such battles consisted of ‘Qazvahs’ and ‘Saryehs,’ which were often defensive. . By using a descriptive-analytical method, this study aimed to explore the different approaches and the ways of representation of the Prophet’s battles by the Iranian scholars publishing different books on the history of Islam from 1980 till now. The findings of the study revealed that the Prophet’s battles have been represented by using religious-ideological, chronicling, and descriptive-analytical approaches in such books. . The research results show that all the prophet’s Ghazwas (the battles the prophet was personally all reported from a narrative, descriptive, analytic, religious, and faith perspective. Key Words: battles, authors, books on the history of Islam, the Prophet Muhamm Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - ..
sayyed kamal sharifi narges oskooei aziz hojaji kojoogh -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating co-authorship rate of Iranian researchers in Psychology field in Islamic World Science Citation Database between 2007-2011
hajar salehi fariba nazariPurpose: This research aims to study the extent of co-authorship of Iranian researchers in Psychology field in Islamic World Science Citation Database during 2007-2010. Methodology: Descriptive-analytical method and scientometric tools are applied. Islamic World Scienc MorePurpose: This research aims to study the extent of co-authorship of Iranian researchers in Psychology field in Islamic World Science Citation Database during 2007-2010. Methodology: Descriptive-analytical method and scientometric tools are applied. Islamic World Science Citation Database is the research tool, and Excel software is applied to input and compute the data. The research population is all the articles indexed in Psychology field in Islamic World Science Citation Database during 2007-2011. Collaborative Index, Degree of Collaboration, and Co-authorship Coefficient for Psychology field were calculated. Findings: The documents with four authors, with 0.32 growth rate, have the most growth in comparison to documents with other co-authorship patterns. Co-authorship Coefficient of authors in the given period is 0.54 and the largest co-authorship Coefficient is related to 2010 with 0.59. The average of Degree of Collaboration in the given period is 0.83. Conclusion: It can be concluded that psychology researchers tend to write articles with the cooperation of other authors, so as the number of psychology articles increases, the number of articles having just one author decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - بررسی تطبیقی ژانر محور راهبرد و مرحله در قسمت بحث مقالات تحقیقاتی رشته روانشناسی بین نویسندگان انگلیسی و فارسی زبان
Zeinab Ariarid Rajab Esfandiariنویسندگان غیرانگلیسی زبان که به دنبال انتشار نتایج مطالعات علمی خود در مجلات بین المللی هستند به دلیل عدم آشنایی با قراردادهای حاکم بر ژانر مقالات تحقیقاتی ممکن است با چالش هایی مواجه گردند. مطالعه حاضر با دو هدف صورت گرفته است: (الف) شناسایی راهبرد ها و مراحلی که قسمت Moreنویسندگان غیرانگلیسی زبان که به دنبال انتشار نتایج مطالعات علمی خود در مجلات بین المللی هستند به دلیل عدم آشنایی با قراردادهای حاکم بر ژانر مقالات تحقیقاتی ممکن است با چالش هایی مواجه گردند. مطالعه حاضر با دو هدف صورت گرفته است: (الف) شناسایی راهبرد ها و مراحلی که قسمت بحث مقالات روانشناسی را تشکیل می دهند و (ب) بررسی تفاوت های بین راهبرد ها و مراحل به کار رفته در مقالات روانشناسی که توسط نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان و نویسندگان ایرانی به زبان انگلیسی نگارش شده اند. جهت حصول این اهداف، یک پیکره انگلیسی و یک پیکره ایرانی هر یک با پنجاه مقاله انگلیسی روانشناسی شکل گرفت. پیکره انگلیسی متشکل از مقالات نگارش یافته توسط نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان بود و پیکره ایرانی از مقالات نوشته شده توسط نویسندگان ایرانی تشکیل می شد. مدلل بکار رفته در مقاله حاضر مدل سویلز بود. داده ها هم به صورت کمی و هم به صورت کیفی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای تحلیل داده های کمی از آزمون خی دو استفاده شد و داده های کیفی به صورت محتوایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بر اساس تحلیل ژانر محور صد مقاله که معرف پنج زیر شاخه اصلی رشته روانشناسی بودند (بالینی، شناختی، رشد، تربیتی، و اجتماعی)، یک مدل "راهبرد-مرحله" جدید با شش راهبرد و ده مرحله برای قسمت بحث مقالات روانشناسی پیشنهاد شد. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از وجود تفاوت های آماری معنادار بین نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان و نویسندگان ایرانی در خصوص به کارگیری یک راهبرد و تعدادی از مراحل بود. برخلاف نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان، نویسندگان ایرانی اغلب قادر به استفاده از تمامی مراحل جهت آشکارسازی عملکرد کلی یک راهبرد خاص نبودند. تحقیق حاضر با بیان تعدادی از پیامدهای نظری و آموزشی برای فراگیران رشته روانشناسی که از انگلیسی برای اهداف آکادمیک استفاده می کنند و متخصصان انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه که به تدریس دوره های انگلیسی برای اهداف آکادمیک مشغولند، به پایان می رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - اسطوره و ادبیات مدرن
محمود طاووسی آمنه درودگر -
Open Access Article
16 - The role of nature in pre-romanticism authors’ work
Mehdi HeydariNature and its manifestations in pre-romanticism works are distinguishable from those of earlier works. Nature no longer was a simple decoration for the pre-romanticism authors, on the contrary, it had its effects on human. Jean Jacques Rousseau, Chateaubriand, Bernardi MoreNature and its manifestations in pre-romanticism works are distinguishable from those of earlier works. Nature no longer was a simple decoration for the pre-romanticism authors, on the contrary, it had its effects on human. Jean Jacques Rousseau, Chateaubriand, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre gave nature a special place in their works since they believed that man’s true feelings are perfectly reflected in nature and it is a sanctuary. Pre-romanticism authors tried to find God’s presence in different aspects of nature. Surveys of the works of these authors indicate the effect of symbols of nature on their mood. They, in their unique ways, tried to find a way to escape from the routine life and to reach a minimum level of peace, and nature was what they found. They found nature as a sign of God’s almightiness, senescence and death. Manuscript profile
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