List of Articles نهادهای سیاسی

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  1 - Analysis of City-Dwelling the Growth Process of New Middle Class in Iran
  Mehrdad Navabakhsh Gorbanali Aghaahmady
  Some factors such as education, profession, social status and income determine the structure of the new middle class in today’s Iranian society. The present article attempts to analyze the relationship between city-dwelling and development of the new middle class More

  Some factors such as education, profession, social status and income determine the structure of the new middle class in today’s Iranian society. The present article attempts to analyze the relationship between city-dwelling and development of the new middle class in Iran. The urban environment has paved the way for inclination to stratification and development of a hierarchy based on criteria that are related to the social classes. The development of distribution of social work and the growth of socio-economic organizations and institutions, complex network of the spaces and social relations and the urbanization system and its rapid pace in developing countries has brought about vast influx to cities and the emergence of service, bureaucratic, and technocratic sectors, as well. The present research has been carried out taking into consideration the viewpoints of Ph.D. and M.A. students of Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch in Tehran. The present study has employed library research methods in order to identify the research variables. To produce a researcher-made questionnaire, expert opinion was obtained through Delphi method. The population of the study consists of 16179 people in 1388-89 academic year. Using Cochran formula, 443 people were chosen as the sample by means of simple random sampling technique. The study has been done using questionnaire and is based on the fuzzy logic, the Cronbach’s Alpha Index of which is 0.87. The research findings indicate that city-dwelling has paved the way for the growth of the new middle class in Iran through need for development of specialists and skill-owners, technological services, commercial and industrial capitalization, politico-urban institutions and educational systems. Therefore, it can be concluded that economic, social and cultural atmosphere has had an influential role on the development of the new middle class through attraction of population and through development of employment and need for specialized training. The findings of this article illustrate that urbanization provides an appropriate ground for the growth and development of the new middle class through creation of appropriate space for the development of specialized and service activities, creation of appropriate and inappropriate conditions in industrial and commercial investment, the transition of social relations from traditional to modern, and the development of higher education system. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the development of urban services, having the highest rate and ration, has the most important role in the development and maintenance of the new middle class (1.021). The second most important issue is the specialization of affairs in city (.913) and the last is the overall structure of the city (.913). The development of social urbanization has brought about a change in social hierarchies and people’s lifestyle. Training the individuals in higher education and their employment in bureaucratic bodies causes structural renovation of the society. In addition, the findings of the present research are in line with Fialkov’s view that dividing social work and urban techniques along with the activity of craftsmen and bourgeois pave the way for commerce and exchange because exchange with craftsmen gives birth to a new class.   Manuscript profile
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  2 - An introduction on the configuration of inequality by Emphasizing economic and political institutions in the context of development: Provide a conceptual model
  fatemeh ghabel rahmat soroush fathi Majid Tavasoli Roknabadi ali morshedizad
  To understand inequality, it is necessary to evaluate the theoretical foundation of school in which, inequality is defined before evaluating by various indicators. Market-oriented and societal approaches each one somehow, explain the inequality and its causes. First gro More

  To understand inequality, it is necessary to evaluate the theoretical foundation of school in which, inequality is defined before evaluating by various indicators. Market-oriented and societal approaches each one somehow, explain the inequality and its causes. First group considers it inevitable and is considered as a component of economic growth, and second group considers it as the result of policy-making by state. This paper tries to provide a model for analyzing the configuration of inequality in countries with a "limited access order" economic system, using the concepts extracted from the theoretical foundations in the of the new institutional economy as an interdisciplinary approach. This model demonstrates that unofficial economic institutions, along with legal economic institutions that seek to redistribute resources, illegally accumulate wealth in Political and economic elite and are used as a tool by informal political institutions to distribute loyalty rents to the masses. The total of these factors leads to a configuration of inequality in which, inequality itself too, affects the formation and durability of Unevenness institutions and this cycle is constantly repeated. The methodology of research is qualitative and the extraction of concepts is from the theories that have the same ontological, epistemological, anthropological, and methodological foundations. Manuscript profile
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  3 - A survey on Political Trust among students: a case Study of Amirkabir
  Hassan Saraei Nassrin Safiri
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  4 - Political and economic institutions and their impact on economic development with emphasizing on historical institutionalims
  Farhad Azizi Mohammad bagher Beheshti Mohammad Salmadizadeh
  10.30495/jss.2023.1973879.1517
  Countries face with different historical critical junctures through their historical countries.. One of the most important critical junctures in the contemporary history of Iran is the removal of Reza Shah from power and substituting of Mohammad Reza Shah.by foreign for More

  Countries face with different historical critical junctures through their historical countries.. One of the most important critical junctures in the contemporary history of Iran is the removal of Reza Shah from power and substituting of Mohammad Reza Shah.by foreign forces. After the overthrowing of Reza Shah, however, power was distributed among various factors, the interventions of foreign forces and political chaos marginalized the path of economic development. The main objective of this historical-economic research, refers to the role of governments and superiors as well as the underdeveloped of Iran. The result shows while the existence of a powerful parliament eventually led to the nationalization of the oil industry, due to political and social chaos, economic development did not occur. In addition, during 1940s by the decrease of the power of the parliament against the prime minister’s authority, an exclusive institutional change took place and took into account as a legacy for the shah rule. Through this institutional change, the shah was able to protect the prime minister’s legacy well and by increasing monopolized economic resources kept the power for himself and his relatives. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The Analysis of Political Institutions’ Effect on the Economic Institutions in Resource-rich Countries
  Reza Bakhshiani Masud Nili S. Mahdi Barakchian
  10.30495/eco.2020.688167
  The weak economic performance of resource-rich countries results in the economic studies’ great concentration on the role of institutions in resource curse literature and employment of theoretical or empirical approaches to determine the cause of this phenomenon. More

  The weak economic performance of resource-rich countries results in the economic studies’ great concentration on the role of institutions in resource curse literature and employment of theoretical or empirical approaches to determine the cause of this phenomenon. In this paper, we argue that the two independent variables of political institutions and natural resources influence the economic institutions which are endogenous variables; by applying a descriptive-analytical approach and making distinction between function of “economic institutions” and “political institutions”. Political institutions form the political power structure to specify the elites’ scope of power in the establishment of favorable economic institutions, which aim at distributing the resources among the affiliated groups. We also use the empirical approach to show that natural resources do not have any significant effect on the quality of economic institutions by controlling the effect of political institutions. In contrast, the better quality of political institutions results in the better quality of economic institutions. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The effect of political institutions on economic growth b through exchange rate misalignment (game theory approach)
  Hajar Mostafaee Morteza Sameti mostafa rajabi
  The most important effect of the political institution on the economic institution is in respecting or not the market system, which can ultimately strengthen or weaken the economic growth. In oil countries, abundant rent of oil income for government shapes the economic More

  The most important effect of the political institution on the economic institution is in respecting or not the market system, which can ultimately strengthen or weaken the economic growth. In oil countries, abundant rent of oil income for government shapes the economic incentives of the political institution in such a way that provides special interests through public resources. While in the free market, the pursuit of private interests will lead to public welfare. Such a different approach in some oil countries provides the context of limiting and continuous interfering in the market mechanism, so it leads to a decrease in economic growth. Due to the importance of determining the real exchange rate in achieving the desired economic growth, in this article attempt to investigate the impact of political institutions on economic growth in an oil country. The game theory method used to substantiate the presented concepts. In this regard, the different motivations of the policy makers (as political institutions) of the oil countries in determining the exchange rate investigated. The reaction of entrepreneurs to this policy in choosing the level of investment considered as an indicator of economic growth. Based on the results, ellits in motivation of maximizing government revenue determine the optimal exchange rate. Assuming economic competition, they tend to misalign exchange rate in order to weaken competitors. Adding the assumption of political competition will lead to higher exchange rate misalignment and further weaken economic growth. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Criminal psychology and the components of political crime in Iran (a comparative study of the first Pahlavi era and the Islamic Republic)
  zohrabi eslam mohammad khani haniye ghoruneh
  10.30495/psq.2024.2001075.2236
  The main goal of criminal psychology is to investigate the effective factors in the delinquency of criminals in various crimes. In relation to why a series of acts should be criminalized under the title of political crimes and receive a different executive guarantee res More

  The main goal of criminal psychology is to investigate the effective factors in the delinquency of criminals in various crimes. In relation to why a series of acts should be criminalized under the title of political crimes and receive a different executive guarantee response, reasons have been mentioned by jurists, firstly, that these crimes lack the necessary elements of ordinary crimes such as malice and violence. Second, the subject and purpose of political crimes is to change a certain political situation with illegal means, and thirdly, since the purpose of the perpetrator is the government and political institutions, there is no violation of private rights. In the constitutional law, as the first codified text in the direction of establishing democracy and legislation, and in fact, the basis of the new political and legal system of Iran, it has also made it a political crime in its seventy-ninth amendment article. According to this article, in the cases of political and press offenses, the panel of judges will be present in the courts. Of course, from that time until now, the definition and examples of political crimes in Iran's legal system have been undecided. In the current laws of Iran, due to the lack of a specific and appropriate law in this field, in 2015, a law titled the Political Crime Law was approved by the legislature, based on the existing provisions, the judicial system can be based on the specific law of political crime. Manuscript profile