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Open Access Article
1 - Iranian Identity; A Critique of the Views and the Necessity of a Historical Approach
Mohammad ali Asgari Fahimeh Mokhber Dezfuli Younes FarahmandNational identity is the most important cultural and historical asset of any country that was formed in the distant past and continues from generation to generation. The lack of a historical view of national identity can lead to contradictory and deflective approaches t MoreNational identity is the most important cultural and historical asset of any country that was formed in the distant past and continues from generation to generation. The lack of a historical view of national identity can lead to contradictory and deflective approaches that are sometimes controversial. The historical context of an identity is so important that some thinkers consider identity to be essentially a historical category and believes that the national identity of any country has arisen from the accumulation of a nation's qualities throughout history and therefore a common history is considered the most important determinant of an identity. In this article, with the help of library and analytical method, some views and perceptions about the national identity of Iranians are studied and finally, by criticizing them, the questions of what is necessary to have a historical approach and what is the consequences of its lacking, are answered. The findings of this study show that in order to narrate the identity of a nation and to distinguish right from wrong, having a historical approach is an undeniable necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - School affiliation on Development strategies in the first decade of the Islamic Revolution
Mohammad Kazem Kaveh PishghadadamThis Article attempted to review the dominance causes of AKLA school anddependence on development strategies in decade of IRAN Islamic Revolution. Inthis way considered to AKLA and dependence schools and also their Features andIndicators. Then review ABOUT nationalism i MoreThis Article attempted to review the dominance causes of AKLA school anddependence on development strategies in decade of IRAN Islamic Revolution. Inthis way considered to AKLA and dependence schools and also their Features andIndicators. Then review ABOUT nationalism in iran and effort for Resolve internalcontradictions of this Ideology. Some impressions of the political revolution in 1357considered with attention to the above mentioned methods. Also Referred toAHMAD FARDID and JALAL AL AHMAD In the middle of THIS article theconsidered to other factors that help to Perceived dominance of Left Party. In theend this article finished with show the same development strategies in first decadeand also with show the Features listed schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Comparative study of Hometown Concept in Iran and Egypt's Constitutional poetry
Hamideh Hormati Zhila Moshiri The change in political and social conditions will always cause change in attitudes and literary thought. Ninetieth century was of a special importance from political and historical point of view for Iran and Egypt in which the industrial societies turned to be m More The change in political and social conditions will always cause change in attitudes and literary thought. Ninetieth century was of a special importance from political and historical point of view for Iran and Egypt in which the industrial societies turned to be modern rapidly. The result of this political and social jump was formation of new concepts and notions in literature which were unsurpassed till then. Patriotism and nationalism were the concepts which were created in both countries simultaneously. The present paper tries to study the concept of hometown and its aspects in Iran and Egypt poetries and answers the following questions: when has the patriotism and nationalism started in Iran and Egypt? Which factors were played an important role in its formation? What common aspects are there in both countries' poets' point of view? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Comparison of Nationalism in the Nationalistic Poetry of A ref Qazvini and Ibrahim Touqan, the Palestinian National Poet
Mahdi Momtahen Foroogh ElahiNationalism has been a prominent feature of Resistance Literature and has gained important status in the poetry of poets working in this regard.There are poets who were so hardly influenced by nationalism that were known as national or nationalistic poets. Among these p MoreNationalism has been a prominent feature of Resistance Literature and has gained important status in the poetry of poets working in this regard.There are poets who were so hardly influenced by nationalism that were known as national or nationalistic poets. Among these poets Aref Qazvini from Iran and Ibrahim Touqan from Palestine could be pointed out. Both these poets were influenced by resistance literature the type of literature which is very similar in Iran and Palestine. These two countries have resisted the oppression from inside and outside and thus there are similarities their nationalistic tendencies in the themes and meanings of their literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Beloved Homeland in the Arms of Constitutionalism Poetry
Naser Al-din Shah Hosseini, Masoud SarhadiPatriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusi MorePatriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusions by neighboring countries and profit-seeking interventions of Europeans which resulted in humiliation of Iranians, as well as the weakness of the authorities in managing national affairs and maintaining Iran’s territorial integrity wounded the pride of all Iranian patriots. As a result, poets, as their social mission, aimed to incite passion and understanding of the people regarding patriotism, and at the same time, cut short the hands of courtiers and foreigners. However, their patriotism was generally emotional and lacked an intellectual and philosophical depth. So, their attitude toward their country was the a combination of various patriotic beliefs including nationalism, internationalism, chauvinism, and even in the sense of birthplace. Considering the mixture of poets’ patriotic attitudes and also their mental and linguistic background, this paper attempts to study the intensions and levels of patriotism in the poems of prominent and influents poets of Constitutionalism period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Basics of resistance literature in the Poetry of Sayed Ashraf al-din Hoseyni
Reza Musabadi Batool FakhreslamSocial and political state of affairs, constitutional era, Due to the emergence of the most important poets of poetic themes, Lyrics homegrown and most important Concern domestic and foreign anti-authoritarian forces that threaten the country's independence and freedom MoreSocial and political state of affairs, constitutional era, Due to the emergence of the most important poets of poetic themes, Lyrics homegrown and most important Concern domestic and foreign anti-authoritarian forces that threaten the country's independence and freedom MyAfkndnd. One of the poets in the name of freedom, Syed Ashraf al-din Husseini, known as Nasim shomal that poetry is full of ideas home country Fashioned. This study is the analytical method to map and study various literary Effects stability Nasim shomal on their poems. Of the most important findings of this research is that the Court's breeze on themes such as: expressing pain and RnjHay oppressed people and draw their real face, Cite the national and religious heroes, patriotism, challenge and stand against tyranny and colonialism, instill hope for the future bright, calls for unity Give praise liberty and freedom that makes up each of these cases NshanDhndh literature JlvhHay stability in northern of Nasim shomal lyrics are explicit language to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - جایگاه هویت ملی در ایران نگاهی به تطور تاریخی، الگوها و سیاستهای هویت ملی
farshid dilmoqani mohmad ali ghasemiهویت ملی ایرانیان به عنوان ما حاصل خودآگاهی نسبت به انباشتی تاریخی از تجربههای فرهنگی، سیاسی و اقتصادی، سرزمینی بنام ایران، مانند سایر کشورهای جهان، پدیدهای مدرن است که به تدریج بعد از ارتباط ایران با غرب به ویژه بعد از شکستهای متعدد از روسها و اعزام نخبگان ایرانی و Moreهویت ملی ایرانیان به عنوان ما حاصل خودآگاهی نسبت به انباشتی تاریخی از تجربههای فرهنگی، سیاسی و اقتصادی، سرزمینی بنام ایران، مانند سایر کشورهای جهان، پدیدهای مدرن است که به تدریج بعد از ارتباط ایران با غرب به ویژه بعد از شکستهای متعدد از روسها و اعزام نخبگان ایرانی و پیدایی مشکله هویت در نزد این افراد، در ایران پدیدار گردید. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی– تحلیلی و با رویکردی تاریخی و بهرهگیری از ابزار کتابخانهای و اینترنتی به بررسی مسائل هویتی در ایران قبل از 1320 میپردازد. فرضیه پژوهش عبارتست از اینکه علیرغم کهن بودن تمدن ایران و حس وطن دوستی که در مقیاسهای مختلف در طول تاریخ در برخی از ایرانیان وجود داشته است اما هویت ملی مانند کشورهای دیگر پدیدهای مدرن محسوب میشود و در ایران، تاریخ آن به دوران مشروطه بر میگردد و آنچه بیش از آن در ایران وجود داشته است، هویت اجتماعی- فرهنگی بوده است. بررسی تطور تاریخی هویت ملی در ایران از زمان مشروطه نشان دهنده مطرح شدن الگوهای هویتی غربگرایانه و باستانگرایانه در دورهای قبل از 1320 میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - 2500-year-old kingdom celebration with emphasis on cultural-social review the regim in Iran.
L. Dehghan Nayyeri H. Shojaei2500-year-old kingdom celebration which after years of providing propaganda and studying were held in the fall of 1350 in persepolis with a unque glory , was on of the most expensire celebration which cost over 300 million dollars.By holding such a celebration ,shah More2500-year-old kingdom celebration which after years of providing propaganda and studying were held in the fall of 1350 in persepolis with a unque glory , was on of the most expensire celebration which cost over 300 million dollars.By holding such a celebration ,shah was seeking a way to continue his government and dominance over the pepole of Iran ,so he began to recover Aryan's valuas and arouse animosity towards Islam and develop friendly relation with foreign countries ,hence he began a series of controversial and , in some cases ,useful measures :naming himself "shah", ordering the collection and compiliation if some books about Iran's pre-Islamic culture and civilization ,founding Shahanshahi foundation of Iran Acadmy ,establish-ment of Iran's National Deed Registery ,holding various celebrations during the celebration decade (1345-1355),promoting people to choose their children the original Iranian names ,sending some educational groups callend "Sepahyane Danesh" (knowledge corps)to villages for the aim of making pepole eager to ancient and kigdom culture and informing them of the magnitude of the 2500-year-old kingdom celebrations ,building several schools and many buildings of public interest after the name of cirus the Great,changing the calender from solar to kingdome the cost of these celebrtions was so high and anti-Islamic measurs of regime were so extensive that finally raised the protest of the majority of the pepole of Iran and even foreign press and figures,and Shah and regime were condemned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparative evaluation of tribal nationalism and contract-based nationalism with the political identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Shaban Moharamnezhad Asghar Partovi Abbas Moradi Abolfazl lotfizadehShaban Moharamnezhad [1], Asghar Partovi,[2]*,Abbas Moradi [3], Abolfazl lotfizadeh[4] Abstract: Nationalism is the awareness of membership or dependence on the nation, in other words, national consciousness, and this awareness often creates the passion and in MoreShaban Moharamnezhad [1], Asghar Partovi,[2]*,Abbas Moradi [3], Abolfazl lotfizadeh[4] Abstract: Nationalism is the awareness of membership or dependence on the nation, in other words, national consciousness, and this awareness often creates the passion and interest of individuals in the constituent elements of the nation and sometimes leads to glorifying them and believing in the superiority of these manifestations over other national manifestations. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of two types of nationalism on the political identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is based on its purpose and nature, libraries and documents and seeks to collect some historical documents and libraries to study tribal nationalism and civic nationalism. From the point of view of the thought, ideals and political identity of the Islamic Revolution, consider whether the policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the ethnic sphere is based on contract or tribalism? Iran is expanding further. [1]. PhD Student in Political Science, Iran Issues, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran [2]. Assistant Professor Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran, Corresponding Author [3]. Assistant Professor Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran [4] . Assistant Professor Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Role of Azerbaijan Intellectual Pioneers in the Reproduction of the Modern Nationalism Idea in Iran
ali shokri Ali Shiari mohammad usefijoybariThe intellectual pioneers are those Azerbaijani thinkers who had important role in the formation of the intellectual structure of public nationalism and Iranian identity, and in this regard, they have been against the traditional and authoritarian system and its army fo MoreThe intellectual pioneers are those Azerbaijani thinkers who had important role in the formation of the intellectual structure of public nationalism and Iranian identity, and in this regard, they have been against the traditional and authoritarian system and its army forces and they called for the rule of law. regarding the hypothesis that how is the role of Azerbaijan in the development and evolution of nationalism in Iran, these ideas and thoughts originated in Azerbaijan, but it did not have a local view, on the contrary, there was willing to have a country called Iran with these characteristics. Iranian nationalism, regardless of its use of Iran's pre-modern past, is modern and is the inevitable twin of Iranian modernity and is the initial stages of Iranians' acquaintance with the modern world. The purpose of this article is to point out the direct and sometimes indirect positive role and influence of Azerbaijan on the modernizing process of Iranian nationalism. In this article, we will review the opinions and thoughts of great thinkers such as Akhondzadeh, Mustasharadoleh Tabrizi, Talbof and Taghizadeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The crises of the process of government and nation building and its role on the formation of fundamentalism in Middle East (Case study: Iraq and Syria)
Sedigheh Moradzadeh Ehsan Shakeri KhoyeeThe aim of the present study is the process of the government and nation building and its role on the formation of religious fundamentalism in Middle East, as the case study of Iraq and Syria. Explanation of the components of nation building in Middle East communities, MoreThe aim of the present study is the process of the government and nation building and its role on the formation of religious fundamentalism in Middle East, as the case study of Iraq and Syria. Explanation of the components of nation building in Middle East communities, explanation of the formation and social structure of Iraqi and Syrian communities and explanation of the social origin of the emergence of ISIS are also among the aims of this study. The research hypotheses are: Incomplete government and nation building in the Middle East (Iraq and Syria) that caused the formation of religious fundamentalism, diverse structure and plural ethnic, religious and mosaic communities of Iraq and Syria, incomplete and artificial government- nation building on the basis of the Sykes-Picot agreement in Middle East countries and the process of government- nation building that caused the accumulation of debts and lack of its realization in Iraq and Syria. Case study in this research is in connection with the religious fundamentalism in Iraq and Syria. The timeframe of the research is related to the period after the occupation of Iraq and toppling Saddam Hussein’s regime in years 2003 up to now, and also social-political developments in Syria after the death of Hafez al-Assad in years 2000 and coming to power of Bashar al-Assad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Turkish Cultural Diplomacy in Iraq with the Approach of Turkish Neo-Ottomanism and Nationalism (2003-2018)
parisa pourali mohammadreza dehshiri mohammadreza ghaedi hasan khodaverdiThe study of Turkish cultural diplomacy in Iraq depends on understanding the country's new foreign policy perspective on the Middle East. The Turkish government sought to establish itself as a trans-regional strategic player in the context of neo-Ottomanism and a unifie MoreThe study of Turkish cultural diplomacy in Iraq depends on understanding the country's new foreign policy perspective on the Middle East. The Turkish government sought to establish itself as a trans-regional strategic player in the context of neo-Ottomanism and a unified Turkish identity in the form of nationalism by raising the issue of zero conflict and improving relations with the surviving countries of the former Ottoman Empire. Although recent developments in Turkish domestic politics, as well as the Arab Spring and its aftermath, have somewhat obscured Turkish foreign policy, the country remains committed to the cultural diplomacy that results from this approach. In this context, Iraq is of strategic importance as the most important way for Turkey to enter the Middle East. Accordingly, the main question of the article is "What are the most important components of Turkish cultural diplomacy in Iraq and to what extent has it been influenced by Turkish nationalism and neo-Ottomanism?" In response, the hypothesis is that Turkey focuses on its cultural structures and tools such as the Turkish media, films and series, Turkish language and literature, cultural-religious ties with the Iraqi people in the form of a neo-Ottomanist discourse, and strong ties with the Turkmen in the form of Unified identity and Turkish nationalism have been able to create deep spheres of influence in Iraq. The research method in this article is based on case-based qualitative research and based on documentary method with collection and analysis of information and data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Globalization and Nation-State Relations in Egypt
Mohammad Hossein HafezianPresent study aims at providing an answer to the fundamental question of whether in the past decades globalization process have had any impact on the relation between government and society in Egypt and if the answer to the question is positive then What the effect of t MorePresent study aims at providing an answer to the fundamental question of whether in the past decades globalization process have had any impact on the relation between government and society in Egypt and if the answer to the question is positive then What the effect of the impact were and if the answer is negative, why, in contrast with other countries, globalization process in Egypt could not have any effect on this relation. The hypothesis proposed is that due to the sever resistance of government and political elites in Egypt to any type of democratization and privatization and dominance of market economy, globalization have had a minor effects on the relation between the government and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - aa
حسن شمسینی غیاثوندaa -
Open Access Article
15 - Kasravi's views on nationalism during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi
kazem hosseinifar Masomeh garadagi ali salarishadi manizheh SadriThe intellectual dough of Asid Mohammad Kasravi was formed during the constitutional movement and under the influence of its ideals. A person who dresses as a clergyman in the first stage of his life, but due to the formation of a series of intellectual events, distance MoreThe intellectual dough of Asid Mohammad Kasravi was formed during the constitutional movement and under the influence of its ideals. A person who dresses as a clergyman in the first stage of his life, but due to the formation of a series of intellectual events, distances himself from this stage of his life. He experienced two world wars, the constitutional movement and the dictatorship of Reza Shah. His intellectual and research background also made him comment on various issues and think on various issues. Kasravi was one of the intellectuals of the constitutional movement and its ideals, but this movement quickly became authoritarian. Kasravi, who had experienced both spaces, discussed them in his works. The important point is that Kasravi, unlike many critics of Reza Shah, in spite of some negligible criticisms, strongly defended Reza Shah's actions. Subjugation within social institutions provided for personal domination and submission. Kasravi's goal was to validate the nationalist values he sought, which in some of Kasravi's works in this regard followed his unifying nationalism. And it has no territorial integrity, and local power is a rebellious power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigation and measures of the consequences of modernization and creation of a new national identity in the first Pahlavi period
Hojjat Abbasi Torki Monireh Kazemi Rashed MohammadTaghi Emami KhoeiSince the second half of the nineteenth century, modernity and its various aspects, such as the modern state and national identity, have been the main issue discussed by Iranian elites. In this study, the modernity and ideological and historical origins of Iranian natio MoreSince the second half of the nineteenth century, modernity and its various aspects, such as the modern state and national identity, have been the main issue discussed by Iranian elites. In this study, the modernity and ideological and historical origins of Iranian nationalism in the post-constitutional period and the change of Qajar monarchy have been studied. Internal riots and crises and relentless foreign intervention in the country have led constitutionalist intellectuals seeking a new approach to breaking the deadlock to ensure the well-being of the masses without their participation in the political and social process. The fundamental thinking that emerged during this period was in fact a reflection of the chaotic situation of the time, which on the one hand sought to form a powerful central government that could end the turmoil, and on the other hand the prevalence of nationalism that could end long-standing attachments. Eliminate religious, sectarian, ethnic and local and replace it with national identity. The main issue in this research is the study of influential intellectual circles and prominent figures of these schools of thought, which sought to create national unity among the ethnic groups living in Iran through nation-building. Examination of the data shows that the creation of a homogeneous society and one language endangers the basis of national unity, and on the other hand, the recognition of different ethnic groups, unites all political and ethnic groups and leads to political and social development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - بررسی علل و عوامل برگزاری جشنهای 2500 ساله شاهنشاهی
دکتـر حسـن زندیـه علـی قنـواتی -
Open Access Article
18 - An Analysis of the Interactional Relation of Petro-nationalism of Iran and the Structural Development of Global Oil Market
Saeed MirtorabiAbstract: The present article by an interdisciplinary approach tries to examine from political sociology and international political economy point of view the interactional relations between oil nationalistic movements in Iran and the developments in rules of production MoreAbstract: The present article by an interdisciplinary approach tries to examine from political sociology and international political economy point of view the interactional relations between oil nationalistic movements in Iran and the developments in rules of production and sale of oil in international oil market within an important period of time, an approach which has less been paid attention so far. The question raised by the paper is "What and how has been the impact of internal social conditions and the structural rules of world oil market from 1921 to 1981 on the process of developments of oil nationalistic movements?" The underlying hypothesis is that the depth and level of oil nationalistic movements and level of strength (or weakness) of structural rules of production and sale of oil in world oil market within the above said period can be categorized in five period of time of oil nationalistic movements. The article shows that these five categorizations of oil nationalistic movement can help us in better understanding of oil politics in Iran and other oil rich countries and also the relations between the oil developments in oil rich countries and the developments of world oil market. In this direction the peculiarity of each period from the view point of oil market, method of functioning of oil companies, nature of anti-colonial movements, goal and achievements of these movements have been studied separately. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-historical and analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991: Systemic Peculiarities and Historical Parallels (Text in Persian)
Helmut Wagner حسن ملائکهone of the most important events of the twentieth century was the collapse of the Soviet Union and its impact on the political، economic and ideological issues in the region and international level، which is still of importance. This paper presents a comparative analyti Moreone of the most important events of the twentieth century was the collapse of the Soviet Union and its impact on the political، economic and ideological issues in the region and international level، which is still of importance. This paper presents a comparative analytical approach to understanding the causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union and compares it with other empires of the twentieth century that have fallen. The author examines the views of Russian politicians like Vladimir Putin، Mikhail Gorbachev and Alexander Yakovlev and German scholars like Ulrich Druwe، Gerhard Simon and Helmut Altrichter to gain a comprehensive overview of the causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The author examines the choices before Russia in case she wants to play an effective role in world affairs and he comes to the conclusion that for achieving the above goal Russia should integrate with European Union. Manuscript profile -
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20 - Analysis of the relationship and position of the countries on the basis of THE imperialism and development in the arena of international relations
mohanadreza mailiSince the France Great Revolution (1789) until now, relation between states and nations has become increasingly important and expanding. These relations base on political and legal framework as well as specific concept are separable. If we want to highlight two concepts MoreSince the France Great Revolution (1789) until now, relation between states and nations has become increasingly important and expanding. These relations base on political and legal framework as well as specific concept are separable. If we want to highlight two concepts or key-terms in relations between states and societies from the 19th century until now; they are IMPERIALISM and DEVELOPMENT. The division of states in the arena of international relations in 19th century until now is based on concepts of indicators of imperialism & development.This article is trying to rely on these two concepts and hereby analyzes the relations and positions between states and societies in the history bed of international relations. This analysis is against to one-sided debates that are thoroughly with negative, contentious and based on unilateral view (including Marxists and leftist to European nationalism and capitalism) which considers the opposite side as the factor of evil and depravity and in return ideologically but not scientifically analyzes the history and the relations between states and societies. Manuscript profile -
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21 - A Study of the Activities of NATO-Russia Council: Ups and Downs in the Cooperation of NATO and Russia from the Beginning till 2009
Esmaeil Shafiee Payam JahangiryThe relations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Russian Federation as two prominent political actors in international relations are of great importance. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union، the NATO as the biggest and most important politico- MoreThe relations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Russian Federation as two prominent political actors in international relations are of great importance. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union، the NATO as the biggest and most important politico-military organization started its relations with Russian federation as the inheritor of the former Soviet Union within the framework of NATO-Russia Council. Despite Russia's serious concern about the survival of NATO and its expansion towards East، it decided to cooperate with NATO in order to prevent development detrimental to its interests. Although Russia does not have Communist political and economic system، yet the important countries which comprise NATO are aware of the high potential which Russia has to become a world power and this has caused suspicion of NATO towards Russia. Despite these differences there are international issues and areas which NATO and Russia have common interests and these brings them together. These issues are terrorism، the expansion of weapons of mass destruction، Islamic fundamentalism، and fight against extremist nationalism and ethno-religious unrest. The above common issues have prepared ground for the formation of NATO-Russia Council. The aim of the present article is to examine the vicissitudes and fluctuations of NATO and Russia's relations. The article by a descriptive analytical method and by examining the document published by the official website of NATO and the viewpoint of the observers points out the commonality and differences between Russia and NATO. The finding of the study shows this reality that Russia and NATO should inevitably cooperate with each other if they want to face the international challenges and the new aspect of security threats Manuscript profile -
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22 - اقبال تصویر کننده ی اینترناسیونالیسم و جهان وطنی اسلامی و انعکاس تفکر دینی اسلامی وی بر نسل امروز
بهروز رومیانی مهلا سعیدیان -
Open Access Article
23 - Principles and Consequences of the Trump Administration's Economic Nationalism Policy
Ali Sabbaghian Masoud FathipourWith the victory of Donald Trump in January 2017, significant changes took place in the US economy. These changes included the withdrawal of the United States from international agreements, the increase of customs tariffs, and the protection of domestic production. Emph MoreWith the victory of Donald Trump in January 2017, significant changes took place in the US economy. These changes included the withdrawal of the United States from international agreements, the increase of customs tariffs, and the protection of domestic production. Emphasizing "America First" in his inaugural address, Trump sought new governmental approaches that would free the American economy from long-term problems. For Trump, this was possible by changing macroeconomic approaches. The decision had several reasons and consequences that are the subject of this study. Therefore, the main question of the present study is on what principles was the Trump administration's policy of economic nationalism based and what were the practical consequences? This article examines the hypothesis that the foundations of the Trump administration's economic nationalism stem from three elements: Trump's personality, Republican approaches, and external pressures, and its practical manifestation in the form of US withdrawal from international agreements or efforts to amend them, increase tariffs, and Support for domestic production has been evident. The research method used in this research is qualitative. Findings show that the implementation of the Trump administration's policy of economic nationalism has led to a conflict between US hegemonic requirements and greater isolationism. Hence, the decision-makers of the American foreign policy apparatus in this period have tried to reconcile the nationalist and globalist views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Donald Trump's Economic Nationalism and the Networked Approach to US Foreign Policy
hossein deheshyar seyed amir sina nouraniThe U.S has turned to economic nationalism with Trump's inception that poses many risks to economic liberal order; however, this decision has its own reasons. So the main question of this study is, what are the reasons for Trump's adoption of nationalist economic polici MoreThe U.S has turned to economic nationalism with Trump's inception that poses many risks to economic liberal order; however, this decision has its own reasons. So the main question of this study is, what are the reasons for Trump's adoption of nationalist economic policies? The hypothesis is that, according to networked approach in US foreign policy, Trump's adoption of nationalist economic policies in the domestic dimension is due to the attraction and retention of his supporters who have widespread fears of the dangers of the current world economic order and have suffered many losses. They are considered to be a loser. Also on the foreign side, the rise of emerging economic powers and the threat of a US economic position that will extend to other sectors in the long run are another reason for adopting these policies. The purpose of this study is to clearly explain the reasons for Trump's adoption of economic nationalism based on networked approach in US foreign policy. Trump has won by linking economic nationalism with conservatism. On the other hand, he has turned to economic nationalism due to US economic challenges and slowing growth of other countries, especially China, which is expected to surpass the US by 2030. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Geographical Reviewed throughout the Diaspora.
Mohammadreza HatamiIn today's post-modern world, ethnic diaspora or displacement, whether forced or voluntary, is playing a key role in determining the policies of host countries or guests. Why the Diaspora in the fluidity of boundaries, creation or destruction of the nation – state MoreIn today's post-modern world, ethnic diaspora or displacement, whether forced or voluntary, is playing a key role in determining the policies of host countries or guests. Why the Diaspora in the fluidity of boundaries, creation or destruction of the nation – state phenomena have a tremendous role. Diaspora or Diaspora communities as a development agent or against the development shows variety of approaches in the sociology and psychology. And while this attitude with respect to the distance from home to the host community have geographical point. The research at the cross - sectional and geographical approaches and concepts with the help of space - the realm of the diaspora looks and explores the idea of “rewriting of diaspora” in relation to geography across the geography, place & space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Components of National Identity in the Compositions of Aref Qazvini and Ahmad Showghi
Tahereh Chaldarreh Ma'sumeh SadeghiAbstract National identity causes eternity and people's growth and transcendence in a country ; and its preservation is of the concerns of the rulers and politicians. Since the aim of the colonialists is the annihilation of th MoreAbstract National identity causes eternity and people's growth and transcendence in a country ; and its preservation is of the concerns of the rulers and politicians. Since the aim of the colonialists is the annihilation of the national identity, and make them alien to their own identity, it is the duty of the poets and the writers and the thinkers to make the nation aware of these risks. Based on the current trend, in this article, the components of national identity in the works of the two revolutionary poets : Aref Qazvini and Ahmad Showghi – Iran and Arab poets, have been investigated by descriptive – analytic methods in the mold of political, historical and social approach. The attained results showed that these two distinguished poets emphasized specifically on the national parameters and identity and nationalism. Patriotism, combat against colonialism, adoration of militants, heroes, martyrs, and talking about the glories of the past are the exquisite themes of their compositions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effection of poets on critical national identity
Amiesmael Azar Identity, national identity in particular. Is an issue which has not been dealt with yet, or if any, the definitions and discussions raised have barely accomplished. The present research has initially defined the national and individual identity and the relation b More Identity, national identity in particular. Is an issue which has not been dealt with yet, or if any, the definitions and discussions raised have barely accomplished. The present research has initially defined the national and individual identity and the relation between identity and culture. Therefore, the concept of the term “national” is clarified prior to deal with national identity. Since among principles of the research is to specify the specify the identity domain associated with society and city, a wide range of identities such as historical, geographical, political, religious, spiritual and cultural are explained. The rule of myths, customs, traditions, social contracts and ceremonies as regards identity are also discussed. The Iranian identity in poems of the prominent and impressive poets in the Constitution era as well as the way they were processed is to be notified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Change of identity tenets in Turkey's foreign policy and its regional effects in the middle East
ali nikokar Mahnaz GoodarziWith arrival of Justice and Development Party serious alterations occurred in Turkey's foreign policy and the country's Policy in the Middle East moved towards opposition than cooperation. The changes in Turkey's political and social contexts and the country's emphasis MoreWith arrival of Justice and Development Party serious alterations occurred in Turkey's foreign policy and the country's Policy in the Middle East moved towards opposition than cooperation. The changes in Turkey's political and social contexts and the country's emphasis on layers of identity. Brought about ideological tensions that necessitate the investigation of changes in Turkey's identity tenets in the Middle East and it's regional effects. This study argues that Justice and Development Party's application as identity tenets in the Middle East entangles the country in ideological games that it has little in common with; and from another perspective, with a read of Islamism the country enters a rivalry field with Iran and Saudi Arabia each of which represents a part of it's identity (Sunni and Shiite) and from another aspects the two countries have opposite and common benefits. Thus, Turkey's presence in the Middle East brings about more complication in the regional equations and more disagreement in policies; and intensities ideological rivalries. This study was carried and according the Constructivist theory, the research method was descriptive –analytical; and the data were collected through library research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Examination of the Role of Intellectuals in Reza Khan Getting into Power
Bizhan Mirzaei MORTEZA MAHMODI ali karimi meleh ali asghar zargarReza Khan getting into power is one of the main events of Iran contemporary history for which various factors have been proposed from interference of foreigners to the chaos of Iran after constitutional revolution. In this regard, the intellectuals who played significan MoreReza Khan getting into power is one of the main events of Iran contemporary history for which various factors have been proposed from interference of foreigners to the chaos of Iran after constitutional revolution. In this regard, the intellectuals who played significant role in making Reza Khan get into power through their intellectual and practical support should be mentioned. The intellectuals of this period considered the saving path of country in establishment of "authorized government", "expansion of nationalism" and "authoritarian modernization" by avoiding the constitutional ideals and perceived the satisfaction of these ideas in Reza Khan's personality. Thus, in their publications which they published until Reza Khan Kingdom, they pursued these ideas and were united in fulfillment of them through establishment of a superior and concentrated political power. The coalition between Reza Khan and intellectuals leads to enhancement of political status of Reza Khan and succeeded in providing a map for his future government which he tried to implement during his 20 years of presence in politics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Constitution Ages Elites and Articulation of Nationalism Discourse in Iran
Alirrza Azghandi Arash SadeghizeidiPolitical elites have always played an important role in shaping the discourses in society. So that exploration of political institutionalization and expansion of politics’ realm, legitimize the new values and institutions are the most basic role of the elites tha MorePolitical elites have always played an important role in shaping the discourses in society. So that exploration of political institutionalization and expansion of politics’ realm, legitimize the new values and institutions are the most basic role of the elites that explain the principles of public cooperation and coexistence and bestow national-moral character to political explorations. Iranian political elites in the nineteenth century following the decline of Iran and divergence of dominant discourse of that time were suffering from identity crisis; therefore, for identification have established a new order in the form of ancient-oriented nationalism discourse. For this purpose, they have excluded previous discourse’s signifiers to field of discursivity and have established new discourse around the Iranian nation’s nodal point. In this research by study of three Iranian intellectual’s thought, this issue is discussed that what factors affected them and how they articulated a new order as nationalism which after some years was known as the dominant discourse in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Survey of Chinese Government Role in the Development of This Country
Mahnaz Godarzi Hamid DerakhshandeUnderstanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a suc MoreUnderstanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a success on the road to development. The first and most important factor in the success of the country, there is a developmental state. The government, through the elite development-oriented, efficient bureaucracy and its nationalist nationalism, was able to design and implement appropriate policies and rational, Policies that were designed with the purpose of development and industrialization. The success of the pro-development efforts developmental state and administrative system. The aim of this paper is to examine the developmental state of China's development goals that are politically oriented Showed that the function of the driving force behind the development of this country songs and strategies pursued within state structures. Manuscript profile
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