List of Articles مکتب اصفهان

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  1 - Imminence- Transcendence- Isfahan's school- Architecture body of mosque.
  hosein moradinasab mohamadreza bemanian Iraj etesam
  lief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major artistic creation with tradition More

  lief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major artistic creation with traditional nature has been observed, there should exist a live traditional thinking. So in order to recognize the mystical and philosophical ideas that their peak was represented in Safavid era which is known as the golden age of art, we have to enter through the gate of Islamic arts philosophy. Transcendence and imminence as the subject matters are one of the ways to find out and comprehend the philosophy of art and the beauty of Islam, but the important point about these subjects is the dual structure of transcendence and imminence. Due to the dialectic between these two - transcendence and imminence- (Throughout the history of Islam) and while they have separated features, only it can be possible to figure out their complementary feature through their unitary vision. Of course, such duality that the universe is made up of one whole which is composed of two obvious and inseparable elements, has been seen in different religions, like "Yin and Yang" in China. As mentioned in Islamic sciences and in an initial classification about God and the universe, two words are in common; Transcendence and imminence. The transcendent philosophers do not consider any human traits for God and in contrast there are imminent mystics who define imminence as the attribution of human traits to God. Going out from this conflict is only possible through unitary vision of transcendence and imminence. This vision which is attributed to Muhiddin Ibn Arabic, considers the summation of transcendence and imminence in order to God's cognition. Since mosques (central) are the most effected places by beliefs and thoughts of their time, they are chosen as the typical examples for reloading the transcendent and imminent ideas. For this purpose, first quantitative and qualitative criteria of transcendent and imminent shapes in architecture were extracted. On the other hand this means that in architecture, components of imminent shapes correspond to transition, dynamism, transparence, transfer, static, sublime and establishment; and components of transcendent shapes correspond to void, centripetal, symmetric and balanced spaces. Then in order to recognize the transcendent and imminent aspects, all the skeletal shapes of Imam Mosque, like the system of entrance, yard, porch and dome were measured and evaluated with these criteria. The results of this measurement were the dominant imminent aspects for transitional and motional shapes like entrance and porches, and the dominant transcendent aspects for mosque's yard as the static, void and centripetal space. But the balance of transcendent and imminent ideas can be searched comprehensively in the architecture of dome, where the void atmosphere (negative) and the tangible positive atmosphere (surrounded the environment) have been defined and the static and centripetal and in a same time dynamic, connected and transitional atmosphere (vertical) toward the God can be understood, observed and perceived. Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Study of Effective Elements on Safavid Garden-Cities Configuration with Emphasis on Shia Teachings
  Mehdi Haghighatbin Mojtaba Ansari Mohammad Reza Bemanian Sima Bostani
  In the fifteenth century, the Safavids converted to Shi’ism and established Shi’a (The second largest denominationof Islam, after Sunni) as the official religion of their empire. The Islamic concept of the Ideal City, formed accordingto the Garden of Eden, w More

  In the fifteenth century, the Safavids converted to Shi’ism and established Shi’a (The second largest denominationof Islam, after Sunni) as the official religion of their empire. The Islamic concept of the Ideal City, formed accordingto the Garden of Eden, was taken into consideration in the Safavid period. Gardens as parables of Heaven wereoften used as composing elements in urban design. This idea resulted in the formation of a powerful method of cityplanning that drew its conclusions from Shi’a ideology about the human place in the physical world and the Islamicconcept of the Ideal City. Urban designers used the ideas of Heaven in small and large-scale gardens and usedheavenly features as composition elements to create the city. Thus, the city was formed as an image of Heaven.It was a suitable place for people as surrogates of God in the world.No doubt, Safavid era should be considered as the most shinny period in the history of Iranian urbanization andArchitecture. Thus, in various ways, the factors that have been implicated in its development are reviewed anddiscussed. The teachings of Isfahan school are influenced by the intellectual wisdom of Shiism and they are themost effective factors which cause the dignity and progress of Safavid art and architecture comparing other eras.Ruling of the Safavid dynasty and legitimizing the Shiism, Indeed, Shia Safavids recovered from the previous stateand then it became a majority from a minority. Therefore, evaluation of Safavid Shiite teachings and Isfahan schoolin garden-constructing and urban development is essential in this study. Emphasizing on the basic elements ofconfiguring the physical identity and its effective role, the first part of this article deals with Islamic Iranian traditionof Safavid era. In other sections of this article, the relationships of urbanization and garden-constructing in theSafavid era and the rise of an Idea called as Garden City(Bagh-shar)and the factors involved in shaping them willbe explained.By studying about existent historic gardens, Persian Gardens are divided into different types. The way people usespecial physical and functional features could also be used as a scale of this division. It seems Iranian gardenerartist during different historical periods, tried increasing the relationship between human, nature and function.Isfahan as the most famous and magnificent of the historic Garden City is examined and the style of using elementsof the Persian garden landscaping in its urban structure would be explained. The purpose of this paper is toexamine the relationship between religious beliefs and the Shi'a Safavids in the shaping and emergence of the ideathe Garden City by the Safavids. Using an analytical-descriptive method of research, this paper tries to assess thequalitative data by means of an inductive method. Data collecting is realized using a library method. The resultsof this paper indicate the quality of relating the idea of the Safavid Persian Garden City and the pattern of Iraniangarden influenced by Islamic beliefs of Shiite Muslims in shaping it.... Key words: Shiism, Safavid, Isfahan School, Garden City, Isfahan Manuscript profile
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  3 - The Effect of Beliefs in Figuration Religious Buildings in Safavid Era in Esfahan (Case Study: Comparative Study of Hakim Mosque & Bethlehem Church)
  Seyedeh Marzieh Tabaeian Meghedy Khodabakhshian
  10.30486/pia.2023.1985223.1033
  Architecture and urban spaces undoubtedly bear the influence of religious and national beliefs within a country. This paper aims to investigate the impact of national and religious beliefs as principal factors in shaping religious buildings during the Safavid era. While More

  Architecture and urban spaces undoubtedly bear the influence of religious and national beliefs within a country. This paper aims to investigate the impact of national and religious beliefs as principal factors in shaping religious buildings during the Safavid era. While some insights can be gleaned from historical sources, there is a lack of comparative analysis regarding the influence of different religions on architectural design. To address this gap, the study focuses on two religious buildings from the same period but representing distinct religious beliefs: the Bethlehem Church and the Hakim Mosque in Esfahan. By utilizing existing resources such as books, articles, and personal site observations, the study examines the role of "color," "ornamentation," and "light" as significant factors within the context of the "Esfahan School." Furthermore, it investigates the spatial positioning and hierarchy in these two comparative case studies. The objective of this paper is to explore how popular beliefs influence these architectural elements and investigate them through a comparative approach. Ultimately, the study aims to identify commonalities and differences in the underlying mental foundations of the creators behind these buildings, emphasizing the impressionability of architectural features resulting from national and religious beliefs. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Native elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri
  Nayereh shateri Mahboubeh Khorasani morteza rashidi
  Native elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri abstract: Writers from the city of Isfahan have common features in their works. These common features are not limited to the climatic context, but include a set of identity More

  Native elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri abstract: Writers from the city of Isfahan have common features in their works. These common features are not limited to the climatic context, but include a set of identity elements that represent commonalities in terms of language, thought, geography, economics, ethics, customs, and beliefs. This article has explored the structure of fictional works by two prominent representatives of the Isfahan school of thought, Bahram Sadeqi and Houshang Golshiri, and derived their unifying and linguistic common features. The result is that these structures are in some cases such as humorous and spurred imagery, different technique and form in the word, specific characterizations, horrific and indeterminate spaces, initiations and sudden events, spin on the angle of view and reversal in narration, conversations and low descriptions, attention The mythology and ancient history and texts, rare subjects and modern names, and simple prose and poetry, are analyzed. Keywords: Native Elements, Isfahan School, Bahram Sadeghi, Houshang Golshiri, Fiction. Manuscript profile