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Open Access Article
1 - Determining the appropriate mixture of renewable energy sources in order to reduce uncertainty
Amir GhaediIn recent years, the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity in the power system has grown a lot. Compared to fossil fuels, these resources do not pollute the environment and there is no concern about their depletion. The problem of renewable energy sourc MoreIn recent years, the use of renewable energy sources to produce electricity in the power system has grown a lot. Compared to fossil fuels, these resources do not pollute the environment and there is no concern about their depletion. The problem of renewable energy sources is that their production power is variable due to the changes of these sources. Accordingly, in order to reduce the uncertainty of the production capacity of renewable energy sources, it is tried to use these sources in a combined manner. In this article, a method is introduced to determine the appropriate combination of renewable energy sources in order to reduce the uncertainty of their production power. In this method, the average, standard deviation, and the histogram related to the production power of the hybrid structure are obtained, and based on this, a structure with less uncertainty is determined. The proposed method has been used to determine the appropriate structure of renewable units in Bushehr region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Using the new meta-heuristic algorithm to determine the optimal capacity and location of electric car parking with the presence of renewable energy sources in the distribution system
Reza SedaghatiDue to the importance of distribution systems, optimal planning and safety of these networks are very important. On the other hand, electric vehicles are one of the main characteristics of future electricity distribution networks. The uncoordinated and unmanaged presenc MoreDue to the importance of distribution systems, optimal planning and safety of these networks are very important. On the other hand, electric vehicles are one of the main characteristics of future electricity distribution networks. The uncoordinated and unmanaged presence of electric vehicles as an additional load in the network can aggravate problems such as voltage drop, voltage stability and increase in network losses. In order to alleviate the effects caused by the uncontrolled presence of these cars, it is necessary to manage their required power in coordination with other dispersed production sources. Therefore, we should try to reduce losses by properly planning the charging and discharging of cars, along with scattered productions, having the right voltage and, as a result, better economic efficiency. Therefore, in this article, the optimal use of electric car parking lots with the presence of renewable energy sources in the distribution system has been studied. Optimization of the problem, a new meta-heuristic algorithm based on the flower pollination algorithm was used to determine the variables of the problem, including the optimal capacity and location of solar sources, as well as electric parking lots and diesel generators in the distribution network. The problem is subject to network operation restrictions (thermal line restrictions, network bus voltage restrictions, etc.), the number of cars in electric parking lots, the permitted power capacity of solar units, and the capacity of diesels have been optimized. In this study, the capability of the proposed method based on the flower pollination algorithm has been evaluated with other algorithms. The simulation was done on the distribution network of 33 IEEE buses, and the results show that the convergence speed and accuracy of the proposed method is high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The presentation of energy models in programs of socio-economic development
Mohammadreza Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
4 - Feasibility study on establish photovoltaic powerhouse to produce urban electricity need Case study: Garmsar
نرگس منصوری اسماعیل شیعهIntroduction: According to the energy balance sheet; 99% of energy resources is fossil in Iran. On the other hand; base on the World Bank statistics, during 10 years, air pollution damage will rise to $ 16000000. In this situation and especially because of natural poten MoreIntroduction: According to the energy balance sheet; 99% of energy resources is fossil in Iran. On the other hand; base on the World Bank statistics, during 10 years, air pollution damage will rise to $ 16000000. In this situation and especially because of natural potential using solar energy as a powerhouse is acceptable. Usage of photovoltaic as a powerhouse is one of the new ways to produce energy in regions which have suitable irradiation. Furthermore it needs precise feasibility study to find best location. Methodology: This study has used AHP method to weight criteria and sub criteria which effect on photovoltaic farms. Then GIS is used to locate photovoltaic farms. So this study is an experimental research. Findings: 1) Economics is the most important criteria and the final electricity cost is the most important factor to establish a photovoltaic powerhouse. 2) Suitable areas for a solar powerhouse can be found around Garmsar (one of the internal desert areas in Iran) which has sufficient potential to produce electricity. Results: Land use and land cover are factors which contains 96.4% of whole. As a result, mentioned factors have the most important role in photovoltaic farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Presenting a Multi-Objective Stochastic Integrated Energy Management Model in Electrical and Thermal Microgrids by Locating CHP and Battery Sources, Thermal Storage and Demand Side Management
Elmira Akhavan Maroofi Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Azita Azarfar Reza Davarzani Mojtaba VahediIn this paper, an optimization model based on stochastic quadratic mixed integer programming to provide an integrated energy management of electricity and heat in electrical and thermal microgrids, taking into account the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, locatio MoreIn this paper, an optimization model based on stochastic quadratic mixed integer programming to provide an integrated energy management of electricity and heat in electrical and thermal microgrids, taking into account the uncertainty of renewable energy sources, location of electricity generation sources and combined heat and power (CHP) along with energy and thermal storage systems and demand side management are provided in island operation and connected to the grid. A multi-objective function including minimization of energy loss, voltage deviation, cost of resource utilization, as well as reduction of renewable energy sources and reduction of installation cost is considered. The IEEE 69 bus distribution network was selected for analysis and coding was done in MATLAB software and CVX optimization package. The proposed model is also solved by the most powerful existing solver called Gurobi. The obtained results show the performance and accuracy of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A tri-level optimization model for utilizing the potential of IoT-based subscribers and electric vehicles in energy and ancillary services markets
Leyla Karami Amir Ahmarinejad Mahmood Hosseini Aliabadi Arash DanaThis paper presents a tri-level model for the simultaneous management of energy and ancillary services markets between transmission and distribution networks integrated with renewable energy sources, smart homes based on the Internet of Things, and electric vehicles. In MoreThis paper presents a tri-level model for the simultaneous management of energy and ancillary services markets between transmission and distribution networks integrated with renewable energy sources, smart homes based on the Internet of Things, and electric vehicles. In the first level of the proposed model, smart homes plan their participation in the energy and regulation markets and send it to the distribution network operator. In the second level, the operators of the distribution networks plan their area according to the programs received from the smart homes and determine their strategy for participation in the energy, reservation and adjustment markets. In the third level, the strategy of distribution networks is sent to the operator of the transmission system so that the final planning of the energy, reservation and adjustment markets can be done according to them. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem and solved by GUROBI solver in GAMS. The implementation of the proposed model showed that this model was able to significantly use the potential of subscribers based on the Internet of Things, electric vehicles, storage systems and demand response programs to improve the technical aspects of transmission and distribution networks as well as to improve the economic aspects of energy markets and ancillary services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Distribution Systems Energy Management in the presence of Smart Homes, Renewable Energy Resources and Demand Response Programs by Considering Uncertainties
Seyed Alireza Alavimatin Pouria Radmehr Amir Ahmarinejad Seyed Amir MansouriIn this paper, a comprehensive energy management model is proposed in order to the operation of a ‎modified 33-radial bus distribution system, in the presence of smart homes. In the proposed model, ‎smart home customers are able to participate in a demand respon MoreIn this paper, a comprehensive energy management model is proposed in order to the operation of a ‎modified 33-radial bus distribution system, in the presence of smart homes. In the proposed model, ‎smart home customers are able to participate in a demand response (DR) program and their comfort ‎index is also considered as the main constraint. The model also considers uncertainties related to the ‎load demand, the generation of renewable energy resources and electricity price. The Monte Carlo ‎simulation method and the ScenRed tool are utilized to generate and reduce the scenarios, respectively. ‎In order to mimic the actual operating conditions, in the simulation, the seasonal variations of load ‎and generation are considered and the operation problem is solved for four seasons.‎‏ ‏A linear AC ‎power flow is also used in the model. Finally, the problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear ‎programming (MILP) problem and solved by the CPLEX solver in GAMS software. The simulation ‎results demonstrate that the model proposed in this study is a comprehensive framework for the ‎operation of distribution systems in the presence of smart homes, which not only reduces operating ‎costs but also increases the consumers’ comfort index.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A Three-Level Framework for Determining the Optimal Strategy of Microgrids to Participate in the Day-Ahead Competitive Market by Considering Electric Vehicles and Demand Response Programs
Abolfazl Bayatian Amir AhmarinejadIn this paper, a three-level scenario-based framework for determining the optimal strategy and planning of microgrids located in a 118-bus distribution system is presented. This paper considers the uncertai­nties of renewable energy resources, load demand, and the c MoreIn this paper, a three-level scenario-based framework for determining the optimal strategy and planning of microgrids located in a 118-bus distribution system is presented. This paper considers the uncertai­nties of renewable energy resources, load demand, and the charge / discharge schedule of electric vehicles. In order to increase planning flexibility, the operator will be able to change the flow through the distribution feeder reconfiguration. Also in the proposed model, customers will be able to reduce their costs by participating in a demand response program. In the first level of the proposed model, the bidding strategy of microgrids is determined. In the second level, the market clearing price is determined by the independent system operator and according to the submitted bids. Finally, in the third stage, the problem of final microgrid programming is solved by a participatory game theory method. The proposed model is solved by the CPLEX solver in GAMS software and the results show that the dynamic topology improves the planning flexibility and thus reduces the total operating cost by about 10%. The results also show that the coordination of electric vehicles with scheduling, the presence of storage systems and the implementation of the demand response program leads to a significant reduction in the level of market-clearing price and thus reduce operating costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - عوامل موثر بر میزان استفاده از انرژی زیست توده توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک در ایران
سیده مرضیه رازقی حسین شعبانعلی فمی روح اله رضاییهدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی تولید و استفاده از زیست­توده به عنوان منبع انرژی توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش واقع در استان مرکزی ایران است. به لحاظ شیوه گردآوری داده­ها، این پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را تمامی کشاورزان خرده مال Moreهدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی تولید و استفاده از زیست­توده به عنوان منبع انرژی توسط کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش واقع در استان مرکزی ایران است. به لحاظ شیوه گردآوری داده­ها، این پژوهش از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را تمامی کشاورزان خرده مالک شهرستان تفرش تشکیل می­دهند (2470N=) که براساس نمونه­گیری طبقه­ای تصادفی، تعداد 300 نفر از آنان انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری دادهها از پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. روایی پرسشنامه با نظر گروهی از کارشناسان و متخصصان مورد تایید قرار گرفت. برای تعیین پایایی ابزار تحقیق پیشآزمون انجام گرفت که مقدار آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شده برای مقیاس­های اصلی پرسشنامه بیشتر از 75/0 بود. نتایج نشان داد بقایای گیاهان و حیوانات به عنوان منبع بالقوه انرژی تجدید پذیر شناخته می­شوند، اما هیچ سیاست و دستورالعمل خاصی برای استفاده بهینه از آنها، به ویژه در سازمان­هایی مانند جهاد کشاورز وجود ندارد. به همین دلیل بسیاری از کشاورزان مقدار قابل توجهی هیزم را می­سوزانند بدون اینکه از کاربرد بالقوه آن آگاه باشند. یافته­ها نشان داد که "تنوع فعالیت­های تولیدی" بیشترین تأثیر را در استفاده از انرژی زیست­توده داشته و متغیر "هزینه سالانه گاز منزل" و "سابقه کار دامداری" به ترتیب مهمترین عوامل به ترتیب تأثیرگذار بر متغیر وابسته بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Downtown Tehran as an Eco-park: The Implementation of Urban Ecological Design in Historic Contexts Based on Glocal Values
SAMANEH MOHSENI Mahmud RezaeiMegacities are highly responsible for the emissions of environmental pollution, energy overconsumption, and the threat of non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, it is vital to develop the ecological design indicators with an energy approach, especially for the hist MoreMegacities are highly responsible for the emissions of environmental pollution, energy overconsumption, and the threat of non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, it is vital to develop the ecological design indicators with an energy approach, especially for the historical urban fabrics, which in addition to environmental issues, have witnessed the migration of indigenous people as a result of physical and cultural degradation. Therefore, this article seeks ways to implement urban design with a renewable energy approach in urban historic contexts, which can be noticeable at the level of the world’s heritage. The research aims to encourage young and active people to live in the neighborhood with a green and sustainable lifestyle respecting energy sources, reducing pollution, and improving local identities at a global level. It thus studies the plausible futures with a series of techniques including Delphi, design solutions, and visioning with a case study method. The case of research is Downtown Tehran focusing on Sangelaj Neighborhood, somewhere between Tahmasebi’s and Naseri’s fortifications. After going through the three stages of design solutions, including context appraisal, vision, and action plans, a Delphi technique evaluates solutions in three consecutive rounds. Panelists including professional urban and architectural designers, as well as experts in urban energy, restoration, environment, traffic, and geology reached a consensus. Findings show that participatory visioning techniques, which mean engaging urban actors such as people and organizations, will improve the implementation of an urban eco-park, with energy, ecological and historical approaches. It thus provides a circular economy and circular neighborhood. The article then proposes strategies such as the complete street, and the use of renewable energies including recycling wastewater, using solar energies, and wind power. These suggestions will highlight the rich historical and natural background of the neighborhood such as Iranian gardens and aqueducts. Manuscript profile
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