In terms of economic chaos in Iran , parliment got decision to invite the financial advisors . as an example of these counsellors was Morgan Shoster ( an American counsellor who will act aggressively ). shuster' measurs weren't pleasing to government who had poletical a More
In terms of economic chaos in Iran , parliment got decision to invite the financial advisors . as an example of these counsellors was Morgan Shoster ( an American counsellor who will act aggressively ). shuster' measurs weren't pleasing to government who had poletical and economic desires in Iran . shuster's order, based upon the confiscation of Shoaosaltane 'properties (Mohammadali Shah's brother). because of his dept to Iranian government .
as a result of this , Russian government provoked and to ask for expellining of shuster from Iran.
Russian ultimatum was accepted by the Iranian government but didn't accept by the natinal consulative assembly.
the presence of nationalist representative and country devoted and their insistance on the rejection of ultimatum and intervene in internal affairs of Iran convert the field between the government and parliment .
as an example of liberal delegates ,Haj Mohammaad Maqsudlu (Ester abad representative)that with a short and histirical speech destined epopee and resistence and prid for Iranian people against foreigners.in this research tried to deliberate about the role of haj mohammad hossein in ultimatum event
Manuscript profile
Cabinets that have reigned after Mashrute revolution faced with several problems for different reasons, such that 51 cabinets have reigned during 14 years and one in 3 months were average changes of period that indicates no good situation in early Mashrute. Several inte More
Cabinets that have reigned after Mashrute revolution faced with several problems for different reasons, such that 51 cabinets have reigned during 14 years and one in 3 months were average changes of period that indicates no good situation in early Mashrute. Several internal and external factors played role in these crisises.
From external point of view, direct and unlimited involvements of colonical governments including Russia and England in all the internal issues of Iran and determining their intended prim minister in order to fulfill their profits and wants, practically, made cabinets as part of instruments of colonial authorship in Iran.
Nevertheless, it should be mentioned to the internal factors like the first experience of Mashrute and parliamentary authorship, personal and familian ego- centrism, groupism, preference of private advantages to the public and disturbance as aresult, different classes and groups became pessimistic toward structure and performance of Mashrute system and prepar objective and subjective substract for emergence of a dictator. Finally Rezakhan could end the event flow infavor of himself relying on internal and external factors and partially personal abilities.
In this article, it is attempted to examine internal and external crisises in Iranian Cabinets since Mashrute revolution in 1285 solar calendar to coupdetat of 3rd of Esfand in 1299 of solar calendar.the methodology is descriptive – analytic and based on library and archive method.
Manuscript profile
The involvement of influential people in the court played an important role in the fall of Mossadegh's government. The most active and influential of them were the Shah's mother and his sister Ashraf Pahlavi. Ashraf in particular, which formed a vast network of influent More
The involvement of influential people in the court played an important role in the fall of Mossadegh's government. The most active and influential of them were the Shah's mother and his sister Ashraf Pahlavi. Ashraf in particular, which formed a vast network of influential people known as Ashraf's "gang." From the beginning of Mossadegh's rule, these two women actively fought against him. Mossadegh and other leaders of the national movement repeatedly tried to mediate their political activities through intermediaries, but failed. Despite Mossadegh's harsh actions against the court and forcing Ashraf to leave Iran, the woman did not give up her conspiracy and was betraying the Iranian oil movement in Paris. He came to Tehran and delivered the "CIA message" to his brotherThe main question of the article: Was Mohammad Mossadegh's confrontation with the lawlessness of the court in order to return to the constitution a strategic mistake in political calculations and decisions? This research lacks hypotheses due to its grounded theory and exploratory nature, and the present study will be question-based and theory-finding.Historical evidence shows that Mossadegh's opposition to the lawlessness of the court was in line with the continuation of the constitutionalist system in Iran. The Shah and the courtiers' disregard for the constitution and the dissolution of the legislature by Mossadegh and his inflexibility were two scales that, at the same time, undermined the foundations of the democratic system in Iran and allowed foreigners to influence major decisions. provided a decisive factor for the Iranians.
Manuscript profile
AbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart a More
AbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart ataturk, considered religious anddenomination as a barrier for revival and modernization and desired building amodern iran by modernization in army, administration system , Law system,and education and even conseration organization and renewing power andcourt structures in which religion and spiritualty had a loe function. Is Rezashah encountered uniformally with religion and religious ulens or hid behaviorhas change during years? It can only be judged that for any reason in earlyyears of Reza shah sultanate, religion has been important and spiritualty hasbeen respectabke but gradually hus behavioe is influenced by his powerseeking behavior. Current study wants to answer this question in fact whyReza shah change his religious trend why he didn't continue that but also hechange toward contrasting with a descriptive-analytic procedure considerschallenges between spiritualties and Reza shah and reason of the contrastbetween these two wings.
Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
