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Open Access Article
1 - The Prohibition of Almsgiving to Bani-Hashim in the Age of Revelation: A Historical Study
vahid baseriAlmsgiving to Muhammad and his family is not permissible”. The order to pay alms zakat was issued in the Ninth year AH and The Prophet sent his agents to the “newly converted” Arabs to receive zakat and at the same time forbade almsgiving to the Bani-H MoreAlmsgiving to Muhammad and his family is not permissible”. The order to pay alms zakat was issued in the Ninth year AH and The Prophet sent his agents to the “newly converted” Arabs to receive zakat and at the same time forbade almsgiving to the Bani-Hashim. This report, with a historical credibility, has had a wide and long reflection in the jurisprudence and theology of Muslims so far. There are three reasons given for issuing this prohibition: firstly, for the virtue of Bani-Hashem, then due to receiving khoms by Bani Hashim and finally because of the impurity of alms. But all those views are ambiguous and not compatible with The Prophet syrah. This paper shows that why The Prophet issued such an order. It seems that some cultural and historical factors such as the unpleasant and reluctancy of paying alms was the reason for the issuance of such a ban by The Prophet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - -The Role of the Kalb Tribe in the Political Crises of the Umayyad Period: The Transfer of Power from the Sufyānī Branch and Its Consolidation in the Marwāni Branch (683-705), Emphasizing the Role of the Baḥdal and the Abū Umamah Family
mehran Esmaili Meisam HabibikianThe Umayyads were rulers with Arab inclinations. During this period, the Arab tribes played an important role in governmental and military affairs, especially in the conquests. The relations of the Arab tribes with the the Umayyads were not on the same level. The tribe MoreThe Umayyads were rulers with Arab inclinations. During this period, the Arab tribes played an important role in governmental and military affairs, especially in the conquests. The relations of the Arab tribes with the the Umayyads were not on the same level. The tribe of Kalb, the tribe descended from the Al-Ḳuḍa’a, was one that had close relations with the Umayyad rulers, especially the Sufyānī branch. Kalb tribe had a long history of living in the deserts of Syria and a large population, which led to Mu’āwīyah marrying a Kalbi woman in order to gain the support of this tribe. The mother of Yazīd, Muāwīyah's successor, was a Kalbi woman, which led to the rise of the Kalb's political position. This article seeks to look at the role of the Kalb tribe in the period of Instability and crises that occurred after the death of Muāwīyah II, until the end of the rule of ‘Abd al-Malik by focusing on the Baḥdal and Abū-Umāmah families of the Banu Hāritha bin Janāb clan of the Kalb tribe. The results obtained show that these two families reached the highest levels of military administration during the period of Yazīd bin Muāwīyah and in the period of crisis, and despite the fall of four of the five region (Jund) in Syria in the hands of the forces belonging to al-Zubayr, they were able to manage the situation and lead the forces loyal to the Umayyads and bring them back to power. At this point, the Kalb tribe and its leaders from the Banu Hāritha bin Janāb clan, particularly the Baḥdal family, played a crucial role. During the reign of ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān (685-705), this tribe also played an influential role in suppressing various uprisings in the Syria, Jazira, Irāq and Persia. During this period, the Baḥdal family's role gradually diminished, but the Abu-Umāma family had the upper hand in stabilizing the government leading Shāmi forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effect of Virtual Tribes on the Implications of Postmodern Consumer Behavior on Social Media)
Bahram Khairy Mohammad Mehdi PouyanThe growth and popularity of social media is communication among people creating new approaches. This article reviews and synchronization Comments on this concept seeks to investigate and predict the effects of tribes allowable percentage of the consequences of postmode MoreThe growth and popularity of social media is communication among people creating new approaches. This article reviews and synchronization Comments on this concept seeks to investigate and predict the effects of tribes allowable percentage of the consequences of postmodern consumer behavior that its components are consequences faithfully, black marketing, power consumption, Surrealism and pluralism in social media. Questionnaire data were obtained using a sample size of 230 students at, using structural equation modeling using partial least squares analysis software Smart PLS is located. Results predicts that in the aforesaid tribes are permitted to consume a significant impact on all outcome variables Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Content Analysis of Common Themes and Factors in Jarir and Akhtal’s Breaches
Hamid Motavallizadeh Naeini Reza Afkhami Aqda Rahmat alah Heidari ManeshBreaches are among the most important poetic texts in the Umayyad period in Shamat. In a book titled, "Breaches of Jirir and Al-Akhtal", Abu Muhammad has been collecting the narrations of these two poets, and Al-Ab Antoan Salehani Aliasuee has described it in recent dec MoreBreaches are among the most important poetic texts in the Umayyad period in Shamat. In a book titled, "Breaches of Jirir and Al-Akhtal", Abu Muhammad has been collecting the narrations of these two poets, and Al-Ab Antoan Salehani Aliasuee has described it in recent decades. Jarir’s and Akhtal’s Naqaez have taken advantage of some main themes. Some of these themes are more highlighted and some of them are less paid attention to, but in all of them Breaches have been applied.This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the content of common elements and themes in the poetry of Jarir and Akhtal, and by analytical-descriptive method, by investigating over 840 couplets in the form of 200 odes, it has been found that tribal prejudices, descent and lineage, Ayyam Al Aarab(Arab Days) ,politics, woman and religion are among the most important and fundamental ideas in Breaches of Jarir and Akhtal that are considered by both poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - تبیین و تحلیل تأثیر ترجیحات محلی و جهت گیری هایتعصب قومی – قبیله ای در انتخاب دهیاران(مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی و بخش پشت آب شهرستان زابل)
دکتر غریب فاضل نیا مرضیه شوقی مینا امیری نژاد -
Open Access Article
6 - The Study of Ethnic Fights and Postcolonial Concepts in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner
Jalil Ghiyasi Shahram Kiyayi -
Open Access Article
7 - تأملی برتشیّع قبیله خزاعه و نقش آن در حمایت از امام علی(ع)
شهربانو دلبری محمدعلی امینی طاهره عظیم زاده -
Open Access Article
8 - The role and position of Mozhaj tribe in scientific and cultural developments
Fahimeh NasrollahiInvestigating the role of Arab tribes in the scientific and cultural events of the Islamic world is one of the important topics of Islamic history. In this research, the role of this tribe in historical events, political factions, intellectual and ideological currents, MoreInvestigating the role of Arab tribes in the scientific and cultural events of the Islamic world is one of the important topics of Islamic history. In this research, the role of this tribe in historical events, political factions, intellectual and ideological currents, and cultural achievements of the Islamic society in the first two centuries of this Hijri has been studied, and the contexts, causes, and effects of this category have been analyzed. The Mazhaj tribe became Muslims during the lifetime of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and their tendency towards Islam was not unrelated to the cultural and religious records of this tribe on the verge of entering Islam, the internal developments of the Islamic society, and the influence of conquered areas. This tribe had different approaches to the important developments in the history of Islam due to having many clans, dispersion in the vast Islamic territory, and ethnic and local religious and political tendencies and prejudices. Due to the nature of this research, the research sources are library and documents, and the method used in that search is the study and analysis of data. Based on these authentic and authentic sources, it is necessary to use scientific research method to use modern research to achieve further analysis, and the way of expressing content is based on historical development and analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Amir Noroz, Unlucky Amir
Jamshid RoostaAfter Genghis Khan’ death (624 A.H.) some of Mongol Amirs ascended the throne in Iran ( mostly in Khorasan , Mazandaran , Sistan , and Azerbaijan) and they were in power until Hulagu Khan made an expedition to Islamic countries ( 653 A.H.), or even until a furt MoreAfter Genghis Khan’ death (624 A.H.) some of Mongol Amirs ascended the throne in Iran ( mostly in Khorasan , Mazandaran , Sistan , and Azerbaijan) and they were in power until Hulagu Khan made an expedition to Islamic countries ( 653 A.H.), or even until a further time. Arghun Agha( Amir Noroz’s father) was one of these Amirs who ruled in Khorasan , Sistan and Azerbaijan for thirty-nine years. He had four sons of whom the most famous was Amir Noroz. Ilkhan Arghon Khan, when he was still alive, appointed his oldest son Ghazan as the governor of Khorasan with Amir Noroz to be in his assistance and accompaniment. A year after his father’s death i.e. 674 A.H., Amir Noroz rebelled against prince Ghazan. Eventually, he decided to make peace with prince Ghazan on 694 A.H. that was in the time of Baydu’s kingdom, after a long-time disobeying and rebelling. Then he tried a lot, afterwards, to convert Ghazan to Islam and to sit him on the throne. He could finally defeat Baydu Khan in two battles and he also deposed several rebellions against Ghazan Khan. But despite so many services he was eventually sacrificed in a destructive betrayal and reached a sad end. The main approach of this essay is to investing different stage of this great Amir’s life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Reaction Of Imam Ali to the Saqifa Accident in the Nahj al-Balagha
Ali NazemianfardAs soon as Abu Bakr b. Abi Qahafa received the news on gathering of Khazrajid Ansars in the Saqifa of Bani Sâida under Saad b. Ubada,went there along with his assistants-Umar b. al-Khattab and Abu Ubayda al-Jarrah without any hesitation. The absence of MoreAs soon as Abu Bakr b. Abi Qahafa received the news on gathering of Khazrajid Ansars in the Saqifa of Bani Sâida under Saad b. Ubada,went there along with his assistants-Umar b. al-Khattab and Abu Ubayda al-Jarrah without any hesitation. The absence of his Hashimid rivals-Ali and Abbas-,paved the way for him to intrigue the Arabian political reason- in the shadow of tribal logic- for taking aliegeance by emphasizing on relation with the Prophet Muhammad(p.b.u.h.) and attribution to the Quraysh tribe.The main question which is in the focal point of the current study,is: Did it incite any reaction by Imam Ali? The findings of this study- which is under the descriptive and analytic method and rely upon Nahj al-Balagha sermons and historical datas show that Imam Ali rejected the logic of Saqifa trenchantly but adopted the “Strategy of forbearance” and avoiding of unrest intelligently for the protection of Islam from any possible danger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Identification of Organizational Culture with the Framework of Competitive Value Framework in Organizations
Gholamreza Kashani Masood Asadi TaheriObjective: To identify the current status of organizational culture and organization's desirable culture in order to determine the organization's readiness for changeMethod: Quinn competitive values model was used to achieve the above goal. A questionnaire was sent to 1 MoreObjective: To identify the current status of organizational culture and organization's desirable culture in order to determine the organization's readiness for changeMethod: Quinn competitive values model was used to achieve the above goal. A questionnaire was sent to 110 people from the research community in the Hamshahri newspaper ad. Cronbach's alpha was used to investigate the reliability of the research tool. To assess the validity of the model, the multidimensional scaling method was used which is the research innovation. In the next step, while extracting the existing and desired organizational culture profiles using sample pair tests, Spearman correlation coefficient and Friedman test, the existing status of the organization's culture was described.Findings: The results show that the dominant culture of organization in the first priority of hierarchy and in the second priority is to focus on the values of market culture, and the values of the adhoc-culture based on innovation and entrepreneurship are less visible in it and with the desired culture from the perspective of the answer The difference is that the culture of the organization showed the most solidarity with hierarchical culture.Conclusion: it is expected that most values such as innovation in creativity, risk taking and the acquisition of new resources and, on the other hand, the reduction of cultural values Hierarchy in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Designing a Teleworking Contingency Model Compatible with Organizational Culture: A Solution to Improve Productivity of Senior Executives and Executive of Telework in the Public Sector
Gholamreza Kashani Reza Najafbagy Naser MirsepassiBased the results of previous research studies, four types of teleworking were proposed that were assumed to be compatible with the four organizational cultures. Via a rich literature review, the factors involved in the formation of teleworking were added to the concept MoreBased the results of previous research studies, four types of teleworking were proposed that were assumed to be compatible with the four organizational cultures. Via a rich literature review, the factors involved in the formation of teleworking were added to the conceptual model and their congruence with the Iranian organizations were measured through two stages of pragmatic and scientific talent via the Delphi technique. The telework industry indicators were determined via a questionnaire that was administered to a snowball sample selected from the population of experienced teleworkers, teleworker managers, and the scientific community that is normally associated with teleworking. Comparison of the similarity of each aspect of the factors with types of organizational cultures supported the similarity among them. The research data were analyzed using SPSS software and the Multidimensional Scaling Technology rendering four types of teleworking based on the distance matrix and determining the coordinates of each of the indicators on the dimensions of the model of competitive values model (control dimension - flexibility and focus on intraocularization outside the organization). The results showed that organizational culture significantly influences the way teleworking works, and that teleworking is a multi-dimensional structure whose precise execution depends on the context. This implies the necessity of telecommunication modalities to be implemented in order to take advantage of the organization from an ecological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The effect of Clan culture, development culture and Adaptability culture on the perceived organizational performance with regard to the role of organizational learning (Case study: Organization of Jihad Agriculture in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmed
arash rahimi firozabad saeed Razeghi Amir KazemiOrganizational culture is a set of beliefs, job philosophy, vision, expectations, and organizational values and norms that are common and common at the organizational level and everyone has a consensus on it. This culture improves the performance of organizations by cre MoreOrganizational culture is a set of beliefs, job philosophy, vision, expectations, and organizational values and norms that are common and common at the organizational level and everyone has a consensus on it. This culture improves the performance of organizations by creating collective rules for organizational action, determining organizational norms and values, and transferring organizational concepts and values to human resources. The current research is the effect of tribal culture, culture of development and culture of adaptation on the perceived organizational performance according to the role of organizational learning. The statistical population of this research includes the employees of Jihad Keshavarzi organization of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The current research is applied in terms of its nature and purpose, and in terms of descriptive-survey method. The statistical population was 515 employees of Jihad Agriculture Organization of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province, of which 220 people were selected by simple random sampling. The results of the research showed that the tribal culture and the mediating culture of organizational learning have an effect on perceived organizational performance with betas of 0.306 and 0.380, respectively. The impact of development culture on organizational performance was not confirmed due to the mediating role of organizational learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The role of tribes in the pillars of the Seljuk Corps (431-552 AH)
Nosratollah Taherklani Korosh Fathi Boshra Delrish Ali ZakeriThe Seljuks, themselves one of the 22 tribes of the Turkmen Oghuz, invaded the eastern borders of the Abbasid Caliphate with an alliance between the Turkmen tribes and the Turkic tribes, establishing the first tribal government in the Islamic period. For this reason, th MoreThe Seljuks, themselves one of the 22 tribes of the Turkmen Oghuz, invaded the eastern borders of the Abbasid Caliphate with an alliance between the Turkmen tribes and the Turkic tribes, establishing the first tribal government in the Islamic period. For this reason, they gave a special role to the Turkmen and Turks in their military organization. The purpose of this study is to recognize and study the role of different tribes in the pillars of the great Seljuk army. The research method is historical and descriptive-analytical in the theoretical framework of the system and tribal identity. After describing the invasion of Turkmen and Turkic tribes, especially from the fourth century and the disappearance of the eastern borders of Iran, the role of each tribe in the Seljuk corps was analyzed and it was concluded that after the establishment of the Seljuk government and Iranian cooperation with them in administration The government gradually diminished the role of the Turkmen and Turkic tribes in the Seljuk army and was replaced by trained cavalry from Turkish slaves. This issue, along with the increase of Turkmen and Turkic tribes in many parts of Transoxiana and Greater Khorasan during this period, as well as the rebellious spirit of Turkmen rulers, created challenges between the central government and the tribes, which eventually weakened and overthrew the Seljuk rule by the tribes. Turkmen became Oghuz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - جایگاه و موقعیّت زنان در جامعهی ایلی مغولان ( در قرون 7 ـ 6 هـ . ق/ 13ـ12م )
حسین ابراهیمی حصار -
Open Access Article
16 - تبیین و تحلیل تأثیر ترجیحات محلی و جهت گیری هایتعصب قومی – قبیله ای در انتخاب دهیاران(مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی و بخش پشت آب شهرستان زابل)
دکتر غریب فاضل نیا مرضیه شوقی مینا امیری نژاد -
Open Access Article
17 - Tribalism: A sociological explanation from political participation in Chahar Maham and Bakhtiari province (Emphacised on Islamic council assembly elections)
MOHAMAD NOUZARI Bashir Esmaeili Masoud Parsley RaceAll human society do experience many political units that their participiant forms, ways and instruments was diffirent. Now, the form of nation – state is accepted one, more or less, formally it’s criteria are hold by societies. But, in Iran that always have MoreAll human society do experience many political units that their participiant forms, ways and instruments was diffirent. Now, the form of nation – state is accepted one, more or less, formally it’s criteria are hold by societies. But, in Iran that always have experience of tribal sovereignty, kind and method of political participation is on transitional stage, and still their actors couldn’t passage from tribal spirit to party system. This spirit have a special appearance in tribal province, as Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari. Then, the problem of this article is explanation the relation between tribal spirit and political participation in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. The method that be used in this research is mixture of geodistic and theoretical. Thus, by reliance on field and theoretical method, we gathered the data, meantime study the theoretical foundation on the elections deal with kind of political participation, and the role of tribal identity and study the people electoral behavier in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province in the Islamic council assembly on the differ periods. This study conclude that there are relation between political participation and tribal spirit in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. Results also show their political participation not diffirent in terms of tribe and education. Manuscript profile
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