List of Articles فرانسوی

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  1 - Schools of Comparative Literature
  Sedigheh Sherkat Moghaddam
  The present article tries to elaborate on comparative literature and compare different literary schools while studying the realm of comparative literature and its reflection in Iran and today world through clear reasons. Comparative literature is developed branch o More

  The present article tries to elaborate on comparative literature and compare different literary schools while studying the realm of comparative literature and its reflection in Iran and today world through clear reasons. Comparative literature is developed branch of literature and dramatic literature in which the similarities and differences of different literary works are compared. What is of great contention in comparative literature is not the role of the literary work but its reflection in another nation’s literature. Comparative literature goes beyond the political, linguistic and national borders of one nation. It not only looks for establishing connection with other branches of humanities but also understanding among different cultures. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Sa'adi and La Fontaine
  Mir Jalaleddin Kozzozl
  In this survey, the type of eloquence of the two great Iranian and French poets, Sa'di and La Fontaine, is presented well-considered and examined; based on one of the fables of La Fontaine adopted from one of the anecdotes of Sa'di's Golestan. It is thereby shown that h More

  In this survey, the type of eloquence of the two great Iranian and French poets, Sa'di and La Fontaine, is presented well-considered and examined; based on one of the fables of La Fontaine adopted from one of the anecdotes of Sa'di's Golestan. It is thereby shown that how more artistic and structured is Sa'di's anecdote than La Fontaine's fable. Manuscript profile
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  3 - A Study of Western Vocabulary and Terms in the Illustration and Thematic Creation of the Poetry of the Constitutional Era "Case Study of Iraj Mirza's Poems"
  Ali Ghaempanah Tajabadi Maryam Gholamreza Beigi Majid Hajizadeh Askari
  Loss is a dynamic and living phenomenon that changes over time and in its extent, many changes occur. One of its most important features is borrowing from other languages. In the constitutional period, this issue was done in the poems of poets such as Iraj Mirza, due to More

  Loss is a dynamic and living phenomenon that changes over time and in its extent, many changes occur. One of its most important features is borrowing from other languages. In the constitutional period, this issue was done in the poems of poets such as Iraj Mirza, due to factors such as the prevalence of printing industry in Iran, familiarity of Iranians with European literature, translation and publication of European works, etc. Is. In this research, the authors have used a descriptive-analytical method and with the help of library tools to "study Western words and expressions in the illustration and thematic creation of Iraj Mirza's poems". The findings of the study indicate that Iraj used Western words in his poems and the frequency of French words in his poems in relation to administrative terms is the most Western words and social and political terms, military, Western tools. In everyday life, modern, cultural, literary, and scientific places are next in order. In this regard, the poet, more in a humorous way, has used novel and expressive industries in order to be able to acquaint people better with the situation of his time. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Investigating Western borrowings in the imagery and theme-creation of constitutional era poetry "A case study of the poems of Malek al-Shaarai Bahar"
  Ali Ghaempanah Tajabadi Maryam Gholamreza Beigi Majid Hajizadeh Askari
  The constitutional era is one of the ups and downs of Iran's history, in which the results of the industrial progress of the West reached the third world countries and Iran. Therefore, researching and examining the poems of poets of this period will lead to more familia More

  The constitutional era is one of the ups and downs of Iran's history, in which the results of the industrial progress of the West reached the third world countries and Iran. Therefore, researching and examining the poems of poets of this period will lead to more familiarity with the political, economic and social conditions of that era. In this research, an attempt has been made to "investigate Western vocabulary and terms in the depiction and theme-creation of the poetry of the constitutional era by means of a descriptive-analytical method and with library tools, relying on the divan of Malik al-Shaarai Bahar's poems." The findings of the research show that Bahar used imagery and thematization to express political, cultural and social themes due to familiarity with the past texts of the Persian language. In the thematic section, Bahar has used western loanwords more than other poets of his time, and in the illustration section, irony array has been used the most and he has created an image with the help of expression techniques with western words. The importance of using loan words in Diwan Bahar is that it expresses the atmosphere of cultural, political, social and economic relations between Iran and the countries of France, England and Russia. The high frequency of borrowing French words expresses political and social issues and the use of Russian words is mostly due to economic and industrial relations. Manuscript profile
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  5 - بررسی وام‌واژگان فرانسوی و روسی در دیوان ایرج میرزا
  وحید سجادی فر طاهره ایشانی مسعود باوان پوری
  زبان موجودی پویا و زنده است که همواره در حال دگرگونی، رشد و گسترش است. یکی از اصلی‌ترین شاخص‌های پویایی زبان پذیرفتن وام واژه‌هایی است که تحت تأثیر روابط سیاسی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی و . . . از زبان‌های دیگر به آن زبان وارد می‌گردد. زبان فارسی نیز با وجود توان بالقو More

  زبان موجودی پویا و زنده است که همواره در حال دگرگونی، رشد و گسترش است. یکی از اصلی‌ترین شاخص‌های پویایی زبان پذیرفتن وام واژه‌هایی است که تحت تأثیر روابط سیاسی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی و . . . از زبان‌های دیگر به آن زبان وارد می‌گردد. زبان فارسی نیز با وجود توان بالقوه در داشتن واژگان، از این امر مستثنی نبوده و شاهد حضور وام واژگان عربی، انگلیسی، فرانسوی، ترکی و روسی و . . . در آن هستیم. ایرج میرزا، شاعر دوره قاجار، یکی از شاعرانی است که در شعر خویش از وام واژگان فراوانی بهره برده است. وی بیشتر از زبان و فرهنگ عربی تأثیر پذیرفته است . با مطالعه شعر وی می‌توان به وضوح وام واژگان فرانسوی و روسی را در شعر وی مشاهده نمود. وی از واژگان فرانسوی مانند آژان، ژاندارمری، تلفن، پودر و . . . و نیز وام واژگان روسی مانند: اسکناس، چمدان و اتو و . . .استفاده نموده است. پژوهش حاضر برآنست با روش توصیفی- اسنادی و با بهره‌گیری از فرهنگ لغت‌های مختلف و ریشه‌یابی کلمات، وام واژگان فرانسوی و روسی در شعر وی را برای خوانندگان تبیین و بررسی نمایند. Manuscript profile
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  6 - بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس سه جنس از خانواده نعناع (Lamiaceae) در شمال ایران
  سالار حافظ قران بشرا آزادی هدایت حسین
  مقدمه و هدف: نعناع یا لابیاته (معمولاً تحت عنوان mint یا deadnettle نیز نامیده می­شود) خانواده­ای بسیار بزرگ و گسترده از گیاهان گلدار (Angiospermae) می­باشد. در طب عامیانه ایران از بیشتر گیاهان خانوادۀ نعناع به­عنوان محرک، ضدعفونی کننده، مقوی باء، درمان More

  مقدمه و هدف: نعناع یا لابیاته (معمولاً تحت عنوان mint یا deadnettle نیز نامیده می­شود) خانواده­ای بسیار بزرگ و گسترده از گیاهان گلدار (Angiospermae) می­باشد. در طب عامیانه ایران از بیشتر گیاهان خانوادۀ نعناع به­عنوان محرک، ضدعفونی کننده، مقوی باء، درمان معده، خلط­آوری، ضد نفخ، ضد اسهال و ضد باکتری استفاده می­شود. هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر، به­دست آوردن بینشی بهتر نسبت به طبیعت اسانس بود. روش تحقیق: اسانس­های سه جنس از خانوادۀ نعناع در شمال ایران (مرزه گل­درشت، کاکوتی ایرانی و اسطوخودوس فرانسوی) توسط روش تقطیر با آب از گل­های آن­ها گرفته شدند. مطالعه حاضر منجر به شناسایی 67 ترکیب توسط دستگاه­های کروماتوگرافی گازی با دتکتور یونش شعله­ای و کروماتوگرافی گازی با دتکتور طبف­سنجی جرمی شد؛ و بازده اسانس­ها به ترتیب برابر با 1.3%، 1.64% و 1.16% از گل­های تازه محاسبه شد. نتایج: کارواکرول (43.3%)، گاما-ترپینن (24.1%) و پاراسیمن (21.6%) به­عنوان ترکیب­های شیمیایی اصلی اسانس مرزه گل­درشت شناسایی شدند. به عبارت دیگر از کل ترکیب­های اسانس کاکوتی ایرانی (98%)،عمده ترکیب­های شیمیایی شناسایی شده می­توان به ایزوپولگون (46.6%) و همچنین پارا-منتا-1(7)و8-دی ان (16.4%)، 1و8-سینئول (7.0%)، ایزومنتول (5.5%) و ایزولدن (3.3%) اشاره کرد. کامفر (61.5%)، 1و8-سینئول (10.1%)، فنکون (4.2%) و لینالول (3.8%) از عمده ترکیب­های اسانس اسطوخودوس فرانسوی می­باشند. از اسانس­های مرزه گل­درشت، کاکوتی ایرانی و اسطوخودوس فرانسوی بیشترین مقدار مونوترپن­ها (به­ترتیب؛ 96.52%، 89.31% و 93.49%) و سزکوئی­ترپن­ها (به­ترتیب؛ 1.87%، 8.1% و 5.04%) شناسایی شدند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: بر اساس نتایج به­دست آمده از این مطالعه، می­توان تنوع در ترکیب­های شیمیایی شناسایی شده از هر گیاه در مقایسهبا سایر مطالعات دیگر را به منطقه جغرافیایی و شرایط زیست محیطی (دما، میزان رطوبت، برهمکنش با سایر جنس­های دیگر و غیره) نسبت داد و شرایط ذکر شده نقش مهمی در بیوسنتز و اجزای ترکیب­های اسانسی خواهند داشت. Manuscript profile
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  7 - A Study of French Words and Expressions in Poems Composed by Shahryar
  Hasan Alizadeh ramin sadeginejad maryam mohammadzadeh
  Throughout the Constitutional era, a great deal of French words and expressions were entered into Persian language and literary works and many examples of such items could be found in poems composed by great poets such as Adibolmamalek Farahani and Hassan Vahid Dastgerd More

  Throughout the Constitutional era, a great deal of French words and expressions were entered into Persian language and literary works and many examples of such items could be found in poems composed by great poets such as Adibolmamalek Farahani and Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi much more that other poets’ works during the first constitutional period. These words and expressions were changed linguistically as the awakening period was over and we entered the outstanding historical periods of First and Second Pahlavi dynasty era. The major question in the present research done using documentation and a library study method is that how French words and expressions have changed in poems composed by Shahryar? The results of the present study showed that many of French words and expressions were fixed and accepted and then utilized in Persian language and culture from the very start of its entrance into the language, some faded away and were marginalized, some were extinct and no more were in use, still others encountered phonological changed. There were also some others changed in tone due to the necessities felt in poetry weights and finally some were appropriated to certain specific fields of study. There were a few words which were used in the same written and conceptual formats both in Persian and French. Some words and expressions were delimited and developed regarding novel conceptual uses and some of words and expressions were trivially changed in Persian language and were made to sound better and more understandable in poems composed by Shahryar. Manuscript profile