List of Articles فاضلاب شهری

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  1 - Investigation of effective factors on the ammonia removal efficiency in the wastewater treatment plants using the air stripping process
  Arezoo Zangeneh Sima Sabzalipour Afshin Takdastan Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh Morteza Abullatif Khafaie
  10.22034/jest.2021.57356.5238
  Background and Objective: Removal of ammonia from wastewater in the treatment plants due to its dangerous and toxic effects on human health and biotic resources is essential. This study was aimed to investigate the effective operational parameters on the efficiency of t More

  Background and Objective: Removal of ammonia from wastewater in the treatment plants due to its dangerous and toxic effects on human health and biotic resources is essential. This study was aimed to investigate the effective operational parameters on the efficiency of the air stripping process, determine their priority and degree of effect on ammonia removal and compare the ammonia removal efficiency during the air stripping process in the municipal wastetewater treatment plants using synthetic and real wastewater. Material and Methodology: In this study, the effect of each operating parameter on the ammonia removal efficiency including initial ammonia concentration, pH and temperature during the air stripping process for synthetic and real wastewater, respectively, based on standard methods (the Nesslerization method, preparation of standard solutions) using a spectrophotometer, pH meter and temperature module were evaluated. Findings: The results of this study showed that the maximum of ARE for synthetic wastewater with Air to water ratio 80 and an initial ammonia concentration of 59. 6 mg /l, pH 12.05 and temperature 46.3°C was %91. Also, the results of the study on the ARE during the air stripping process showed that the maximum of ARE (%91) for real wastewater (primary sedimentation tank effluent (PST)) with Air to water ratio 80 and an initial ammonia concentration of 61.04 mg/l, pH 12.53 and temperature 45.9 ° C was obtained. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of univariate regression model, initial ammonia concentration˃ temperature˃ pH have the greatest effect on the ammonia removal efficiency in synthetic wastewater and real wastewater, respectively. In the multivariate regression model, the effect of temperature and pH on the ammonia removal efficiency in synthetic and real wastewater is increasing and decreasing, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, the air stripping process can be successfully used to remove ammonia from wastewater in the municipal treatment plants, especially in the tropics.   Manuscript profile
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  2 - Soil pollution assessment to lead, nickel and cadmium and mapping it by geostatistics in the Tehran south farms
  Yousef Reza Bagheri Fatemeh Meskini-Vishkaee Rasoul Mirkhani
  10.30495/jest.2022.18849.2756
  Background and Objective: Increasing world population and need to more production, limited water resources and the indiscriminate use of them specially in arid and semi-arid regions and also the huge amount of sullage produced in cities and the necessity for proper disp More

  Background and Objective: Increasing world population and need to more production, limited water resources and the indiscriminate use of them specially in arid and semi-arid regions and also the huge amount of sullage produced in cities and the necessity for proper disposal of them, increased the urgency (necessity) of using wastes in order to farming & feeding the under- ground aquifers. Cadmium, lead and nickel are such pollutants which can enter to water, soil and plant and finally to human and animals’ food chain from different resources.Material and Methodology: This Study was performed to evaluate the amount of soil contamination in the south Tehran farms and mapping the studied area using geostatistical methods. From the 2000 hectares of the agricultural farms around Firooz Abad stream in Tehran south in 2014, 175 soil samples were selected with 300 meters intervals. Two methods of mapping including kriging and Inverse distance weighting (IDW) were used.Finding: Based on mean concentration, the metals in studied area were in following decreasing order: nickel> lead> cadmium. According to the standards proposed by the environmental protection Agency of Iran, 13 and 9 % of soil samples are contaminated to total lead and nickel, respectively.Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the importance of point spatial variation of soil pollutants, the IDW method was identified as the suitable method for mapping the concentration of total lead and nickel. The total lead and nickel concentration in about 161 and 14 hectares of the agricultural lands, respectively, were more than allowed limits. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Climate Regulation and Soil by Development of Green Space in an Arid Zone
  Azadeh Salehi Masoud Tabari Kocheksaraei
  The simplest and most economical technique to reduce CO2 of atmosphere and climate regulationis carbon sequestration in plant and soil by development of vegetation and green space. Impact ofafforestation and soil fertility on soil carbon sequestration and climate regula More

  The simplest and most economical technique to reduce CO2 of atmosphere and climate regulationis carbon sequestration in plant and soil by development of vegetation and green space. Impact ofafforestation and soil fertility on soil carbon sequestration and climate regulation was investigated, intwo 15-year old stands of needle-leaved (Pinus eldarica) and broad-leaved (Robinia pseudoacacia) in2 areas with different irrigation treatments (municipal effluent and well water) and also a control area(without afforestation), in an arid zone (south of Tehran).For this purpose, sample plots (30 m × 30 m) were systematic-randomly chosen in either of bothstands. In each sample plot, four soil profiles were dug to take the samples in depths of 0-15, 15-30and 30-60 cm. In laboratory, soil organic carbon (SOC) content of soil samples was determined by theWalkley–Black method.The results demonstrated that in each stand there was a significant difference (p<0.01) in theamount of soil carbon sequestration between two irrigation treatments (municipal effluent and wellwater). No significant difference in the amount of soil carbon sequestration of two stands wasdetected, but each stand sequestered higher carbon content in soil compared to that of in control area.In two studied stands, with increasing of soil carbon content, growth parameters and biomasssignificantly (p<0.01) were increased.With regard to more average of wood biomass and carbon sequestration and be evergreen of elderpine trees, can say that afforestation of eldar pine in comparison with block locust has more role indecreasing of air pollution and climate regulation. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Developing Wastewater Quality Index (WWQI) for treated municipal wastewater with the wastewater reuse approach
  Maliheh Falah Nezhad Tafti Nasser Mehrdadi Ali Torabian Hossein Nayeb
  10.22034/jest.2019.14561
  Background and Objective: Determining the wastewater quality index of municipal wastewater treatment plant for reuse or disposal purposes has always been an important issue. Therefore, developing a wastewater quality index facilitates the investigation and selection of More

  Background and Objective: Determining the wastewater quality index of municipal wastewater treatment plant for reuse or disposal purposes has always been an important issue. Therefore, developing a wastewater quality index facilitates the investigation and selection of the best option for wastewater reuse or disposal. Thus, determining the important quality parameters and the level of importance of each parameter in terms of the application of the wastewater are essential. Method: In this study, after determining the important quality parameters by Delphi method, the weight of each factor was calculated using the multi-criteria decision making tools in order to develop the wastewater quality index. Then, the matrix for wastewater quality index was presented by defining the sub-indices for each parameter using the standards for wastewater reuse and disposal and by integration methods. Findings: Results indicated that the quality parameters including BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Fecal Coliform, pH, NH4 PO4 are the most important parameters. Also, developing the wastewater quality index through different methods for reuse and disposal and application of various weights for each parameter was found to be a more accurate and reliable method. This method allows for fast and simple evaluation of wastewater in each treatment plant and comparison of different municipal wastewater treatment plants. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Impact of Irrigation by Municipal Sewage on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil
  Masoud Tabari Azade Salehi
  Impact of irrigation with municipal sewage on accumulation of soil by heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd) was investigated in two artificial stands Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Meadow.), 1) irrigated by municipal sewage and 2) irrigated by well water in the suburban area More

  Impact of irrigation with municipal sewage on accumulation of soil by heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd) was investigated in two artificial stands Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Meadow.), 1) irrigated by municipal sewage and 2) irrigated by well water in the suburban areas of Tehran. In each stand, soil profiles were dug and soil samples taken from depths of 0-15, 15-30 and 30-60 centimeter. Municipal sewage and well water were sampled daily (3 days in each month) from early June to late November. Results indicated that municipal sewage had significantly (P < 0.01) higher amounts of Fe, Mn, Cr and Pb compared to well water. Level of these heavy metals in municipal sewage was upon the internationally recommended (WHO) maximum permissible limits set for land use. Application of municipal sewage resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soil Fe, Mn, Cr and Pb. These heavy metals showed their greatest values in the upper layer of soil (0-15 cm). The concentration of soil heavy metals, with the exception of Pb, was below the critical limits. Cd was not detected in water and soil samples. With regard to high concentration of heavy metals in sewage, it was concluded that the long-term use of municipal sewage in irrigation might enriched soil with heavy metals to concentrations that may pose potential environmental and health risks. Hence regulations about the utilization of sewage in irrigation should consider in order to: 1-Control the content of heavy metals that may be added to soil and 2- Minimize the risk of negative effects to ecosystem health. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Synthetic Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal from Municipal Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Bio-film Reactor with Fixed Bed
  Mina Khosravi Amirhessam Hassani Mohamadreza Khani Kamyar Yaghmaeian
  Background: Nitrogen and phosphorus are potential pollutants sources of water resources. They penetrate to the water resources through insufficient treated wastewater that is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of f More

  Background: Nitrogen and phosphorus are potential pollutants sources of water resources. They penetrate to the water resources through insufficient treated wastewater that is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of fixed bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor in removing nitrogen and phosphorous from municipal wastewater. Methods: In this paper, we study the nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater applying biological method and using sequencing batch biofilm reactor with fixed bed in a volume of 30 liters. For this purpose, we run a pilot study including anaerobic and aerobic/anoxic reactors for duration of 12 months for the treatment of synthetic wastewater with 300, 500, 800, and 1000 mg/L inlet COD concentration, 15 mg/L phosphorus concentration, and 40 mg/L nitrogen concentration. Results: The minimum and maximum system efficiency for organic removal in terms of COD is 98.4 and 76.9%, nitrogen removal is 74.8 and 98.8%, and for the removal of phosphorus is 51.9 and 92.7%, respectively. Synthetic analysis shows significant match of the proposed system with Stover-Kincannon model and in most cases the correlation coefficient is reported 95%. Discussion:  FBSBR system shows considerable improvement in removing organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater at low and high concentrations. Moreover, the obtained results from synthetic analysis show competitive matching with Stover-Kincannon model and it is suggested for using in optimization and design. Manuscript profile
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  7 - A model for evaluating monetary equivalent of social costs stemmed from noise pollution in implementation of urban infrastructures (Case Study: Tehran Sewage Network)
  Borna Mirahmadian Masoud Babakhani
  A large number of implementation projects regarding construction or rehabilitation of urban infrastructure systems are conducted in heavily populated areas; As a result, noise pollution generated from these operations is not limited to only a few people and will annoy c More

  A large number of implementation projects regarding construction or rehabilitation of urban infrastructure systems are conducted in heavily populated areas; As a result, noise pollution generated from these operations is not limited to only a few people and will annoy community in large scale. Noise pollution may cause sleep disturbance, stress, loss of productivity in schools, offices, etc; This fact necessitates the need for considering social costs of noise pollution more carefully in urban areas. In this paper a model for evaluating monetary equivalent of noise pollution social costs in implementation of urban infrastructures has been proposed; General approach in this model is based on determining maximum allowable noise pollution in the affected area as well as determining intensity of the noise generated from operations in the adjacent receptors; Difference between the “existing” and “maximum allowable” noise levels is considered as part of the social costs of the project; Some methods for evaluating monetary equivalent of this social cost has been proposed in this paper; if the estimated value was large, some mitigation measures shall be taken to reduce the social costs of noise pollution; A number of these measures are also reviewed in the final part of the paper. In the end, suggested model has been utilized for quantification of noise pollution social costs in a small pilot area of Tehran where a sewage network has been implemented. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Nutrition Properties of Soil and Leaf of Eldar Pine Trees Irrigated by Municipal Effluent
  Azadeh Salehi Masoud Tabari Kochksaraei
  Municipal effluents can often contain significant concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients. There is potential for these nutrients to be used as a fertilizer source when the water is recycled as an irrigation source. Therefore, long-term irrigation with municip More

  Municipal effluents can often contain significant concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients. There is potential for these nutrients to be used as a fertilizer source when the water is recycled as an irrigation source. Therefore, long-term irrigation with municipal effluents can add large amounts of nutrients to the soil and plant. A case study was undertaken to assess the impact of municipal effluent irrigation on macro and micro-nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) concentration of soil and leaf of eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) trees, in south of Tehran. For this purpose, Data were collected using technique of systematic random sampling with 4 replicates in two 15 year-old-artificial eldar pine stands 1) under irrigation of municipal effluent and 2) irrigated with well water. Municipal sewage and well water were sampled daily (3 days in each month) from early June to late November. Results indicated that the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in municipal effluent and leaf of trees irrigated with municipal effluent were significantly greater compared with those of well water treatment. Application of municipal effluent resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soil macro and micro-nutrients. The nutrients showed their greatest values in the upper layer of soil (0-15 cm). Irrigation using municipal effluent did not result in toxicity of nutrients in tree leaf and soil. The macro and micro-nutrient contents of leaf were correlated with their respective value in soil. It might be concluded that the municipal effluents could be utilized as a source of water and nutrients in afforestations.   Manuscript profile
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  9 - Discharge of Industrial Wastewater to Urban Wastewater System: Challenges and Solutions
  Aqil Qorbani Seyed Hossein Hashemi
  Background and Purpose: Discharge of industrial wastewater to urban wastewater system is a way of its management, especially within the cities. If it is not done in proportion to the system’s capacity and under supervision, it may damage urban collection, transfer More

  Background and Purpose: Discharge of industrial wastewater to urban wastewater system is a way of its management, especially within the cities. If it is not done in proportion to the system’s capacity and under supervision, it may damage urban collection, transfer and treatment systems.  Material and Methodology: In this study, impacts of industrial discharges on urban wastewater facilities and the related standards and regulations in the selected countries are reviewed. Finding: The study shows Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Singapore, USA, and Australia and New Zealand consider 13, 10, 14, 22, 34 and 29 variables of industrial wastewater in their standards, respectively. Moreover, USA limits the flow ratio of industrial discharges to urban wastewater. In contrast, Iran has no standard for industrial discharges to urban wastewater facilities and there is just one guideline to regulate discharges in industrial towns, which consists eight variables. Moreover, the lack of assessment of urban wastewater network and treatment capacity to accept industrial discharges which, often due to deficiency of information and experience in this field, can disrupt sewage transmission and treatment processes. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, setting national standard and guideline up to regulate industrial discharges to urban wastewater system, assessment of network and treatment plant capacity for accepting industrial discharges, and monitoring and supervision of these discharges to discover and prevent unauthorized discharges are critical measures to manage industrial wastewater especially within the cities in Iran. Manuscript profile
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  10 - A comparative study of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model
  Mehran Darya Gholi Beighi alireza manzari tavakoli sanjar salajeghe Ayob sheikhy
  This research was conducted with the aim of comparative investigation of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model. First, the components of each of the variables w More

  This research was conducted with the aim of comparative investigation of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational health in Iran's state-owned companies in order to provide a suitable model. First, the components of each of the variables were identified according to library studies and then confirmed using experts' opinions. According to the purpose, this research was developmental-applicative. The data collection method was a combination of library and field studies. First, the components of organizational culture were identified through library studies and confirmed by using the Delphi method and asking the opinions of research experts. The statistical population of this research includes two groups of experts and employees of the Gas, Water and Urban Wastewater Company of Kerman province. One-sample t-test, two-sample t-test and structural equation modeling were used to check the hypotheses. 25 spss and Smart pls3 software were used for data analysis. The results of the comparison showed that from the point of view of the experts, the components in the two statistical communities were not different, and with the same components, the organizational culture in the two companies can be measured, but the organizational culture in the two companies had a significant difference. Also, the results showed that there was a positive relationship between the organizational culture and its components: collaborative culture, identity culture, adaptability culture, mission culture and organizational health in the city gas and water and sewage company of Kerman province. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Evaluation of Soil Chemical Properties Affected by Irrigation with Industrial and Urban Treated Wastewaters
  Yahya Choopan Somayeh Emami
  A comparative research was carried out in agricultural land of Bori-Abad of Torbat-Heydarieh to evaluate the effect of irrigation with industrial (sugar factory wastewater) and urban treated wastewaters on soil chemical properties. In this study, a factorial experiment More

  A comparative research was carried out in agricultural land of Bori-Abad of Torbat-Heydarieh to evaluate the effect of irrigation with industrial (sugar factory wastewater) and urban treated wastewaters on soil chemical properties. In this study, a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with three replications (R) was carried out in a field experiment. The treatments were five treatments: well water (T1), urban treated wastewater, (T2), combine 33% water and 66% treated wastewater, (T3), raw wastewater of sugar factory, (T4) and combine water and wastewater with a mixing percentage of 1 to 7 (T5), at 0-40 cm of soil in 2013-2014 year. The results were statistically analyzed indicated that the parameters of acidity, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were measured in different groups and a significant difference was observed, but all of the parameters are the standard values for irrigation of crops. The highest and lowest amount of soil salinity in T4 and T5 treatments with 4.2 and 3.9 dS/m, were observed. Also, the highest amount of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in T2 and T3 treatments with 1.06 mg/Kg, 490 mg/Kg and 7.85 mg/Kg. According to the results of the comparisons, can be concluded that irrigation with industrial and urban treated wastewaters no harmful effect on the soil properties of the studied area. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Simulation of changes trend in soil chemical properties Irrigated with wastewater using Gene expression programming model
  مینا Arast GH.R Zehtabian محمد Jafari حسن Khosravi سعید Shojaee
  Abstract Due to the growing population in arid and semi-arid region, limited water resources is increasing. So, the use of unconventional waters is counted as an important tool in the management of water resources of arid areas.  In this regard, the use of urban wa More

  Abstract Due to the growing population in arid and semi-arid region, limited water resources is increasing. So, the use of unconventional waters is counted as an important tool in the management of water resources of arid areas.  In this regard, the use of urban wastewater for irrigation combined with combating desertification projects are cases that need be investigated. The effect of such water on soil physical and chemical properties is very important. In recent decades, because of the ability to process simulation artificial intelligence techniques have many applications in different fields. Gene expression programming (GEP) is counted as component of evolutionary algorithms and is able to optimize the structure of the model and its components. In this research, the ability and accuracy of gene expression programming was evaluated for simulating the sodium, pH and electrical conductivity changes of soil in land irrigated with wastewater and non-irrigated land in Qom plain. For modeling soil chemical properties change, randomly the 70% of the observed data on the electrical conductivity, pH and sodium were used to determine the appropriate model; the rest of data were used to calibrate the models. Soil chemical parameters and wastewater treatment were selected as independent variable and function, respectively. The results of compared gene showed that gene expression programming has modeled soil chemical properties changes. In the best model performing, the highest amount of determination coefficient was estimated 0.97, 0.96 and 0.97 for electrical conductivity, pH and sodium respectively.    Manuscript profile