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Open Access Article
1 - Measures of body hygiene in Safavid Iran
mohammad ali parghoo javad alipoor silabOne of the most interesting and Neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of body health from a historical perspective, the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to maintain MoreOne of the most interesting and Neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of body health from a historical perspective, the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to maintain health(hygiene)or to deal with and treat various diseases. The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose. The health measures identified in the present study can be considered efficient, effective, and low-cost interventions in providing a healthy lifestyle by healthcare providers. Data were collected by library method and materials were presented by descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the present study indicate that the physicians of the Safavid era, by paying attention to the opinions of former physicians, defined the body and concepts such as wellness, health and disease in the framework of the teachings of humours view medicine and under the title of"omure-e tabiyye".The behavioral approach of physicians by referring to the opinions of former physicians as well as their own experiences, in the first step was aimed at protecting the health of the body by maintaining the balance of the body's temperament and restoring the balance to it when the disease occurs. Keeping the body healthy had a direct relationship with observance of physicians preventive recommendations regarding the six principles of "Hava, Makoul va mashroob, Harakat va sokon, Khab va bidari, Aaraz-e nafsani, Ehtebas va estefrag".In the second step, in the case of disease, according to the pathogen, different treatment methods were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Religious Elements in Everyday Language and Semiotics of Iranian Ordinary People in Safavid- Qajar Period
ابراهیم موسیپورTraditional system of education in Safavid- Qajar Iran based onteaching of the Qur'an and other Scriptures had led to create a largenumber of expressive units in everyday language of people, whetherthey were literate or illiterate, and in written literature. In addition MoreTraditional system of education in Safavid- Qajar Iran based onteaching of the Qur'an and other Scriptures had led to create a largenumber of expressive units in everyday language of people, whetherthey were literate or illiterate, and in written literature. In addition,those educations had basic influence and reflections in the society in away that the Qur'anic phrases and religious formulas had formed agreat part of the practiced language of the people. Furthermore, aconsiderable part of non- lingual expression styles of Iranians hadbeen influenced or essentially created by the permanent presence ofreligious teachings in the context of everyday life through whichsimultaneously the general semiotic units of social relations of peoplehas been defined in a religious cultural framework. In their dailyinterrelations- greetings, blessings, curses, execrations, oaths, etc. -people have been accustomed to use a vast variety of sacred namesand religious phrases, expressions and formulas and moreover forcreation of expressive mechanisms they came to understand andinterpret many actions and non-lingual signs by means of a religioninstitutionor religion- developed cognitive context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Link Between Astronomy and Astrology in Safavid Era
Behzad KarimiThe historiography can be understood by studying the contextual, social and political science. On this basis, the relationship between cosmology and historiography during Safavid Era will be studied in this paper. In the early part, the “Qiran” (conjunction) MoreThe historiography can be understood by studying the contextual, social and political science. On this basis, the relationship between cosmology and historiography during Safavid Era will be studied in this paper. In the early part, the “Qiran” (conjunction) as an essential principle related to the core of this essay is reviewed. Then, the connection between astrology and historiography and their influences based on the historiographical and astrological works have been considered. Finally, Safavid historiographical rhetoric has been studied through a formalistic approach. Keywords: Historiography, Cosmology, Astronomy, Astrology, Safavid Era. 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Būdāḳ Munshī Ḳazwīnī, Djawahir al- Akhbār, Revised by Mohsen Bahram Nejad, Mīrāth-i Maktūb, Tehran, 2008/ 1387. Chardin, Jean, Safar-nama Shārdun (Perser Bayagesen), trans. Eghbal Yaghmaei, Tehran, Tūs, 1995/ 1374. Djanābandī, Mīrzā Bayg, Rawḍat al- Ṣafawiyya, Revised by Gholamreza Tabatabaie Majd, Tehran, Dr. Afshar's Endowment Foundation, 1999/ 1378. Geoffrey, Roberts, Tarikh wa Rawāyat (The History and Narrative Reader), trans. Jalal Farzaneh Dehkordi, Tehran, Imam Sadiq University, 2010/ 1389. Ibn Athīr, Tarikh-i kāmil-i buzurg-i Islām wa Iran, trans. Abbas Khalili & Abu al- Qasim Halat, Tehran, Ilmī, 1992, 1371. Iskandar Beg Turkoman, Tarikh-i Ālam- ārā-yi Abbāsī, Revised by Iraj Afshar, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr wa kitāb furūshī-yi tayīd Iṣfahān, 1955/ 1334. Jafarian, Rasul, “Zāyča- nāma niwīsī wa Tāli- bīnī dar tarikh mā (guzārishī az čand Zāyča- nāma az khāndān-i Mahdī ḳulī khān ḳummī)”, website: http://khabaronline.ir/detail/364349/weblog/jafarian, 2014/ 1393. Ḳāḍī Aḥmad b. Sharaf al- Dīn al- Ḥusayn al- Ḥusaynī al- Ḳumī, Khulaṣat al- Tawārīkh, Revised by Ehsan Eshraghi, Tehran, University of Tehran, 1984/ 1363. Khūrshāḥ b. Ḳubād al- Ḥusaynī, Tarikh Ilčī-yi Niẓām-shah, Revised by Muhammad-Reza Nasiri & Koi chi Haneda, Tehran, Andjuman Āthār wa Mafakhir-i farhangī, 2010/ 1389. Kennedy, Edward Stewart, Pazhūhishī dar zīdj-hā-yi Dawra-yi Islāmī(A survey of islamic astronomical tables),trans. Muhammad Bagheri, Tehran, Ilmī wa Farhangī, 1995/ 1374. Ibid, Studies in the Islamic Exact Sciences, Beirut, American University of Beirut, 1983/ 1361. Ibid, Astronomy and Astrology in the Medieval Islamic World, London, Ashgate, 1998/ 1376. Ḳumī, Abū Naṣr Ḥasan b. Alī, al- Madkhal Ilā Aḥkām al- Nudjūm, Revised by Jalil Akhavan Zanjani,Tehran, Mīrāth-i maktūb & Ilmī wa Farhangī, 1996/ 1375. Lockhart, Laurence, Inḳirāḍ-i silsila-yi Ṣafawiyya(The Fall of the Ṣafavī Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia), trans.Ismail Dowlatshahi, Tehran, Ilmī wa farhangī, 2004/ 1383. Mir Muhammad Sadegh, Sayyed Saeed, “Tarikh-i Abbāsī”, Dāirat al- Maārif-i Buzurg-i Islāmī. Mīrzā Rafīā, Dastūr al- Mulūk, Revised by Muhammad Ismail Marchinkowski, trans. Ali Kord-Abadi, Prolegomena by Mansor Sifat Gol , Tehran, Markaz Asnād wa tarikh-i Dīplumāsī, 2006/ 1385. Mīrzā Samīā, Tadhkira al- mulūk, Revised by Vladimir Minorsky, trans. Masoud Rajabnia, Prolegomena by Mohammad Dabeer Siyaqi, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr, 1989/ 1368. Mullā Djalāl al- Dīn Muḥammad, Tuḥfa-yi Khānī, National Library of Iran, Manuscript, No. 3017/3. Mullā Muẓaffar Gunābādī, Tanbīhāt al- Munadjdjimīn, Malek National Library and Museum Of Iran, manuscript, No, 3107. Muṣaffā, Abu al- Faḍl, Farhang-i Iṣṭilāḥāt-i Nudjūmī, Tehran, Mūassisa-yi Muṭāliāt wa Taḥḳīḳāt-i farhangī, 1987/ 1366. Mustawfī, Hamdallāh, Tarikh-i Guzida, Revised by Abdolhossein Navaei, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr, 1985/ 1364. Nallino, Carlo Alfonso, Tarikh-i Nudjūm-i Islāmī, trans. Ahmad Aram, Tehran, Bahman, 1970/ 1349. Pingree, David, The Thousands of Abu Maashar, London, The Warburg Institute, 1968/ 1346. Roberts, Geoffrey (ed.), The History and Narrative Reader, London. Yamamoto, Keiji and Burnett, Charles, 2000, Abu Maashar on Historical Astrology, Leiden, Brill, 2001/ 1379. Rustam al- Ḥukamā, Muḥammad Hashim Āṣif, Rustam al- Tawārīkh, Revised by Mitra Mehrabadi, Tehran, Dunya-yi kitab, 2003/ 1382. Rūzbihān Khundjī, Faḍlullah, Tarikh-i ālam-ārā-yi Amīnī, Revised by Muhammad Akbar Ashigh, Mīrāth-i Maktūb, Tehran, 2003/ 1382. Shahmardān Ibn Abī al- Khayr Rāzī, Rawḍat al- Munadjdjimīn, Revised by Jalil Akhavan Zanjani, Library, Museum and Document Center of Iranian Parliament & Mīrāth-i maktūb, Tehran, 2003/ 1382. Taghizadeh, Sayyed Hassan, Bīst maḳāla-yi fārsī, trans. Ahmad Aram & Kavus Jahandari, Tehran, Bungāh-i tardjuma wa nashr-i kitab, 1967/ 1346. Taghizadeh, Sayyed Hassan, Maḳālāt-i taḳī-zāda( Gāh-shumārī dar Iran-i ḳadīm),Vol. 10, Iraj Afshar (as supervisor), Tehran, Shukūfān, 1978/ 1357. Tankulūshā, Revised by Rahim Reza Zadeh Malek, Tehran, Mīrāth-i Maktub, 2005/ 1384. Utbī, Abī Naṣr Muḥammad b. Abd al- Djabbār Utbī, Tarikh-i yamīnī, Revised by Abu al- Sharaf Naseh Jrfadqany, ed. Jafar shoar, Tehran, Ilmī wa Farhangī, 1995/ 1374. Valeh Qazvini, Mohammad Yusuf, Iran dar zamān-i Shāh Abbās-i Duwwum, Revised by Muhammad Reza Nasiri, Tehran, Andjuman Āthār wa Mafakhir-i farhangī, 2003/ 1382. Valeh Qazvini, Mohammad Yusuf, Khuld-i Barīn, Revised by Mir Hashem Mohaddes, Tehran, Dr. Afshar's Endowment Foundation, 1993/ 1372. Vahid Qazvini,Muhammad Taher, Tarikh Djahān Ārā-yi Abbāsī, Revised by Sayyed Saeed Mir Muhmmad Sadegh, Tehran, Institute for humanities and cultural studies, 2004/ 1383. Van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert & Kennedy, Edward Stewart, Sāl “ālam-i pārsiyyān”,Farhang, No. 21-20, pp. 188-157, 1997/ 1376. Winter, H. J. J. Winter, “Ulūm-i Iran dar Rūzigār-i Ṣafawiyyān”, The Cambridge History of Iran: The Safavids Period, trans. Yaghoub Azhand, Tehran, Djāmī, 2001/ 2004. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Political Power of Shi’i ‘ulama in Safavid Travelogues
mojtaba zahabiThe way Shi'a ‘ulama dealt with the issue of political power was one of the challenges of the Safavid period. The theoretical discussions of Shi'a clerics on Imamat and government, and the presence of the monarchy as a historical-political reality, cre MoreThe way Shi'a ‘ulama dealt with the issue of political power was one of the challenges of the Safavid period. The theoretical discussions of Shi'a clerics on Imamat and government, and the presence of the monarchy as a historical-political reality, created complex problems for Shi'a scholars. The second period of the Safavid rule saw more efforts by Shi'a clerics to gain power. The main question of this research is how the efforts of the Shi'i ulama in the second period of Safavid rule have been reflected in Safavid travelogues. This research seeks to show that the growing power of the Shi'a ulama has become a matter of concern for those foreign observers and ultimately provided an analysis of those developments that are hidden in other historical sources of the period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparative Study of Text and Pictures of Walters's Shahnameh (W602)
Nahid Jafari Dehkordi Sara Faraji Ebrahim TorkzadehWalters's Shahnameh (W602) is one of the Safavid era's pictorial versions which contains scenes of battle and feast as well as romantic stories and heroes' advantures such as Bijan & Manijeh and Bijan's trouble by falling down to a borehole. The beauty and gracefuln MoreWalters's Shahnameh (W602) is one of the Safavid era's pictorial versions which contains scenes of battle and feast as well as romantic stories and heroes' advantures such as Bijan & Manijeh and Bijan's trouble by falling down to a borehole. The beauty and gracefulness of the pictures, made the author to analyze the depiction and coherence based on descriptive – analytical method and answer the following questions: a) How much was the effect of the context on artist's work? b) How much is the artist allowed to apply his personal taste? The authors assume that the artist of this version and othe authors do not rely on the context and present their art dependently (of the text). The surveys show that there are 10 commonalities and 14 differences out of 24 general characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - شناسایی شرایط موثر بر گسترش فلسفه و حکمت در عصر صفوی
محمدحسین ایراندوست mssoome hasandoostچکیده :این مقاله در صدد است تا به این پرسش اصلی پاسخ دهد که چه شرایطی در دوره صفویه موجب گسترش فلسفه و عطف توجه به مواد درسی مانند منطق و فلسفه در مدارس و نیز نگارش رساله های مهم فلسفی در این دوره شده است؟ عصر صفوی از دورانهای مهم تاریخ ایران است که مذهب تشیّع دوازده ام Moreچکیده :این مقاله در صدد است تا به این پرسش اصلی پاسخ دهد که چه شرایطی در دوره صفویه موجب گسترش فلسفه و عطف توجه به مواد درسی مانند منطق و فلسفه در مدارس و نیز نگارش رساله های مهم فلسفی در این دوره شده است؟ عصر صفوی از دورانهای مهم تاریخ ایران است که مذهب تشیّع دوازده امامی به عنوان مذهب رسمی در کشور استقرار یافت. حکمت و فلسفه اسلامی نیز یکی از شکوفاترین دوره های خود را در ایران اسلامی و بخصوص در شهرهای شیراز و اصفهان، در این دوره سپری نموده است. در این مقاله، شرایطی چون «وضعیت مذهب» و نیز «روشهای خاص آموزشی» در عصر صفوی و همچنین «سیاستهای سلاطین صفوی» از جمله حمایت از مراکز تعلیم و تربیت و استقبال از مهاجرت علمای جبل عامل و حمایت از تاسیس مراکز آموزشی مناسب و مدارس علمی مهم و کمک به تاسیس و تقویت کتابخانه ها به منزله زمینه های رشد و گسترش فلسفه در این عصر شناخته شده است. واژگان کلیدی: فلسفه اسلامی، عصر صفوی، مدارس شیراز، مدارس اصفهان Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The School of Jabal ‘Amil and Cultural Transformations in Safavid Dyn
Mohammadreza Abdolahnasab Ali Shirkhani Maghsoud Ranjbar The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of the Jabal ‘Amil’s school on the cultural transformation of the Safavid dynasty. In this regard and using descriptive-analytical method, it was attempted to survey the nature and extent More The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of the Jabal ‘Amil’s school on the cultural transformation of the Safavid dynasty. In this regard and using descriptive-analytical method, it was attempted to survey the nature and extent of the immigration of Jabal ‘Amil’s scholars’ to Iran, the formation of the Safavid dynasty and its relationship with Jabal ‘Amil’s scholars, the effects of Jabal ‘Amil on the Safavid social developments, and the establishment of the jurisprudential school of Isfahan. The results showed that due to their principled approach in jurisprudence, the jurists of the Jabal ‘Amil played an active role in the Safavid social sphere. They margined Sufi movements and increased their authority by consolidating the authority of Marja’iat and establishing an administrative network of the Ulama. Therefore, Shiite religious rituals were performed according to jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Study of Shia religions and the factors affecting its spread in the Safavid era based on the poetry of Saeb Tabrizi
Maryam Asraei Iraj Mehraki Azar DaneshgarThe Safavid government could establish an independent identity by formalizing the Shia religion and creating favorable social and cultural conditions in its territory. This identity played a significant role in the spread of Shiism and Shia religious rituals. The Safavi MoreThe Safavid government could establish an independent identity by formalizing the Shia religion and creating favorable social and cultural conditions in its territory. This identity played a significant role in the spread of Shiism and Shia religious rituals. The Safavid kings maintained the appearance of religion and performed religious ceremonies and rituals in order to legitimize their rule. Likewise, the people followed these rituals. During this period, the Shiites had the opportunity to hold Shia religious rituals freely and away from the opposition. These beliefs and rituals are well reflected in the poems of Saeb, the greatest poet of the Safavid era. Influenced by the Shia rituals and beliefs of his time, Saeb has devoted many verses to the subject of Shia religious rituals in the form of transition and reinforcement. In this research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical method, the reflection of several types of Shia religious rituals in the Safavid era in Saeb's poetry will be studied. Also, the reflection of Shia religious rituals divides into two groups of transitional rituals and reinforcement rituals according to the classification of religious rituals in cultural anthropology. The research findings show that the reflection of these religious rituals in Saeb's poetry is based on Shia teachings and beliefs influenced by Safavid religious policies and the social conditions of the people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Analysis of Rashid Tabrizi's Javaher-al- Asrar and Introducing its Manuscripts
Shahla Haj Talebi Seyed Mahdi Nooriyan Gurban Ali EbrahimiRashid Tabrizi is one of the most important and less prominent poets of the Safavid era in the eleventh century. Javaher-al- Asrar is one of his significant verses whose manuscripts are preserved in Malek national library and Tehran university. This masterpiece is an ac MoreRashid Tabrizi is one of the most important and less prominent poets of the Safavid era in the eleventh century. Javaher-al- Asrar is one of his significant verses whose manuscripts are preserved in Malek national library and Tehran university. This masterpiece is an academic and scientific piece on precious stones which is written in verse unlike the previous jewelry books in prose, reflecting the fictional and mythical views of the past. The present research employs a descriptive, analytical method to introduce the manuscripts and examine the structure of this book with the previous jewelry books. The results indicate that while the book is affected by the previous models, it also includes some unique gems and narratives. Moreover, the book connects to Europe and India due to Iran’s international interactions during Safavid era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the Role of Dandar in the Cultural Identity of the Men of the Safavid Age, Based on Sa'eb Tabrizi Poetry
nasrin rezazadeh maryam mohammadzadeh ramin sadeginejadIn examining the identity of the body, such as cover and makeup, wear, and moreover, upper underwear, especially the cover, such as gown and color, sex, shape, size and makeup, play a significant role in identity formation, in comparison with other cloths. The culture o MoreIn examining the identity of the body, such as cover and makeup, wear, and moreover, upper underwear, especially the cover, such as gown and color, sex, shape, size and makeup, play a significant role in identity formation, in comparison with other cloths. The culture of men has been in different societies. One of the most influential cultural-social effects of this identity is Safavid era. The main question of this article, which we are seeking to find a response in a descriptive-documentary way, is that the poetry of the Safavid period, as an important part of the documents and historical sources, can play; the role of the dressing and arrangement in creating and forming an identity Cultural society among men in this period? The findings of this research show that Safavid era poetry, especially Saeb Tabrizi, is one of the richest sources and documents for historical-social studies, including cover and makeup, and the most important and most significant identity coverage The section of men is in the Safavid era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating the types of allegory in Masnavi of Kholasat-ol-Haghaiegh tract of Najib-ol-DinReza Tabrizi
Ezzat Norouzi Sedeh Ata Mohammad Radmanesh Mehrdad ChatraeiTMystic poets recognize poetry as a means of expressing doctrinal and moral principles tolovers of the path of truth. Therefore, in order to understand the ambiguous terms ofphilosophy, logic and mysticism, they inevitably used literary industries such as simile,allusio MoreTMystic poets recognize poetry as a means of expressing doctrinal and moral principles tolovers of the path of truth. Therefore, in order to understand the ambiguous terms ofphilosophy, logic and mysticism, they inevitably used literary industries such as simile,allusion, metaphor and allegory.Kholasat-ol-Haghaiegh Masnavi, of Najib-ol-Din Reza Tabrizi, It is one of the mystical andeducational works of the Safavid period that the poet has used high frequency allegory tofacilitate the understanding and teaching of religious, moral and mystical principles. Najib-ol-Din Reza is one of the poets of the 11th century, he believes in theDhahabiyadynasty and is a follower of Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhi.Since allegory is a literary element in the Indian style, the authors of this article try to use themethod of analyzing information and library resources to provide a variety of allegories suchas examples, Ersal-ol-masal, allegorical anecdotes and Qur'anic allegories, as well as, and Examine the cryptic anecdotes in this mystical-educational work.Studies show that this system is an allegorical work with mystical themes, which is the mostfrequent type of allegory in this work of allegorical anecdotes and proverbs, which have been used with the aim of educating man and guiding him to perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Status of Women and Music in the Safavid Era and Its Representation in the Persian Paintings of Shah Tahmasb’s Shah-Nameh
Fatemeh Soqra Ghazanfari Zahra TabatabaiiThis study aimed to investigate the Persian paintings of Tahmasbi’s Shah-nameh and women's lifestyle and music in that era. This is a fundamental research with a descriptive-historical method and social analysis has been applied for studying the Persian paintings MoreThis study aimed to investigate the Persian paintings of Tahmasbi’s Shah-nameh and women's lifestyle and music in that era. This is a fundamental research with a descriptive-historical method and social analysis has been applied for studying the Persian paintings and the role and status of women and music in the Safavid era. The data were collected in library. Analysis of three Persian paintings of Tahmasbi’s Shah-nameh showed the proficiency and talent of the women artists in Safavid era in general and in Shah Tahmasb’s era in particular. The results showed that, given the importance of Shah Tahmasbi’s Shah-nameh, Shah Tahmasb’s penance had not only a great impact on Iran’s political, social, and cultural conditions but also made women more restricted than the previous eras. Accordingly, the music was boycotted and musicians endured many hardships. Although, repentance of Shah Tahmasb suppressed the activity of musicians and naturally, the activity of women, there are some Persian paintings containing women playing harp and tambourine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Surveying Social Status Of Women According To Veil Alteration Process In Safavid Paintings
عابد Taghavi S. M. MousaviPresent research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Sa MorePresent research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Safavid era was considered as a part of social class identity. It was defined according to Shah Inclination and imposed as a norm for the women in imperial court, while others social classes’ women worn veil according to their religious and ethics beliefs. They had prospered liberty in veil wearing selection compared to other women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Reflection of trade union tools and words in the words of Ghassab Kashani
Elham Gholamkelisani Mehrdad ChatraeiAzizabadi morteza rashidiAmong Iranian poets, especially after the Safavid period, a group of professionals gradually appeared and some of them have shone. The use of tools and occupations in poets' poetry has a long history. This application, along with the useful information that it provides MoreAmong Iranian poets, especially after the Safavid period, a group of professionals gradually appeared and some of them have shone. The use of tools and occupations in poets' poetry has a long history. This application, along with the useful information that it provides about different occupations, provides guidance in better understanding the old days of Iran in different periods The literary approach of these occupations can be seen in the literary type of poetry, One of the most important features of the city of riots, in addition to the description of the beloved, is the expression of the professions that were popular in the time and place of the poet and its community. In this research, among the professional poets, we have focused on the butcher of Kashani. Kassab is one of the poets of the second half of the 11th century and the beginning of the 12th century of Hijri, who has been able to write admirable poems in addition to the mystical and lyrical themes in the creative theme of his profession, considering the level of his awareness and knowledge. Bring in your speech. aims to investigate the use of tools and related job terms in Kassani's butcher's court, and by analyzing the findings, explain the use of tools in Kassab's poetry. and show the poet's ability to combine his profession with the poetry and social characteristics of his time, how are the tools and words related to the butcher's profession reflected in the words of Kashani's butcher? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Impact of Indian Gurkhani Religious Policy on the Migration of Iranian Physicians
mohammad Mehraein amir rafiei mohamad salimMedicine in India has a long history, as in the Sassanid and Islamic eras, Indian medical books were one of the scientific sources of that time. India and their occupation was in the court of the Gurkhanids of India. The reason for these migrations was the strict religi MoreMedicine in India has a long history, as in the Sassanid and Islamic eras, Indian medical books were one of the scientific sources of that time. India and their occupation was in the court of the Gurkhanids of India. The reason for these migrations was the strict religious policies of the Safavid kings and the favorable situation in India due to the policy of religious tolerance of the Mongols of India. After the complete conquest of India during the reign of Akbar Shah, the Mongols continued to rule. India, which in terms of historical and religious geography includes a plurality of different ethnicities and religions, will not be easily accessible, and only with the help of religious policy can tolerance prevail in India's pluralistic society. Mongol court support and generous rewards Sean was an exciting factor in attracting Iranian Najkan. This article deals with the impact of Gurkhanian religious policy in attracting the Iranian medical community in the Safavid era. O preachers of religious freedom were the elite society Iranians were under pressure from the fanatical policies of the Safavid government, and for this reason India became a bulwark to attract this elite group from Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Children and Adolescence Education in the Safavid’s Era
naser homaunChildren education has existed first at home in the form of modeling and inculcation since ancient times. Since education has cultural value, it prepares children to live in society. For sure the social and economic circumstances play a role in the quality and the reali MoreChildren education has existed first at home in the form of modeling and inculcation since ancient times. Since education has cultural value, it prepares children to live in society. For sure the social and economic circumstances play a role in the quality and the realization of education. In the course of historical changes the educational tasks turned into institutional ones, and are assigned to education institution. In post-Islam Iran, the institution ,which had its roots in the culture of ancient Iran and religious teachings, undergone rapid changes and appeared as a remarkable feature throughout the country. After Mongols’ attacks and Teimoor’s military moves, tribal governments spread throughout the country and in some parts governmental institution was established independently. However, Iranian culture and associated institutions like education more or less maintained its unity and homogeneity. After the collapse of tribal governments , the termination of Ghara Ghoylo Torkman government, and weakening of local governments, the Safavids took power. Gradually, Iran regained its social and political solidarity, and enjoyed “national” independence. However, the unity created was through force. It employed cultural institutions based on a special Ghezelbash Shiite. Culture(art, thought, and education) lost its dynamism, and developments were noticeable in some aspects of cultural-materialistic(architecture and decorative arts). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A study of the common arts of the Safavid era through the Holy Divan of Mashhad
nilofar khosravani KOBRA NODEHIOne way to get acquainted with the common arts of each period of history is to study the great literary works that have survived from that time. Among the present literary texts, the Divan of Haji Mohammadjan Ghodsi Mashhadi, a poet of the 11th century AH, is a contempo MoreOne way to get acquainted with the common arts of each period of history is to study the great literary works that have survived from that time. Among the present literary texts, the Divan of Haji Mohammadjan Ghodsi Mashhadi, a poet of the 11th century AH, is a contemporary of the Safavid dynasty, whose popular art of this era is widely reflected in his poetry.The era of flourishing Iranian art is in the Seljuk and Ilkhanid eras and reaches its peak in the time of the Timurids. However, the concentration and integration of the Safavid state organization caused all the arts to flourish, and for this reason, the types of arts in this era grew significantly in quantity. The Safavid government has been considered as a superior power in the field of politics, culture, economy and even art due to its religious authority and the confrontation of the great Shiite power with the Sunni government of Ottoman Turkey.In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the arts that were popular in the Safavid era, such as music, painting, calligraphy, book design and architecture through the Holy Divan of Mashhad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - ..
hamidreza taheri parsa bahram parvin gonabadi zahra ghoroghi.. -
Open Access Article
19 - Bidel Dehlavi and Iranian Myths
محمد حکیم آذر The 11th century A. H. is regarded as the age of decline in Iranian myths. In this century, Safavids established a new state in Iran based on shi’ism and Iranian identity. Yet, the mythological elements of Iranian identity were missing in their scheme; and More The 11th century A. H. is regarded as the age of decline in Iranian myths. In this century, Safavids established a new state in Iran based on shi’ism and Iranian identity. Yet, the mythological elements of Iranian identity were missing in their scheme; and the national myths played no role in that identity formation. Employing this view, the present article tries to examine the poems of Bidel Dehlavi, the prominent poet of Indian school of poetry in Persian language, from mythological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - معرّفی و بررسی تصحیح نسخة دیوان سایری
ثریا اسلامی خو محمد حکیم آذر اصغر رضاپوریان -
Open Access Article
21 - Health Protection Measures in Safavīd Irān
mohammad ali parghoo javad alipoor silabOne of the most interesting and neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of health from a historical perspective. Therefore the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to main MoreOne of the most interesting and neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of health from a historical perspective. Therefore the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to maintain health or to deal with and treat various diseases. The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose. The health measures identified in the present study can be considered efficient, effective, and low-cost interventions in providing a healthy lifestyle by healthcare providers. Data were collected by library method and materials were presented by descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the present study indicate that the physicians of the Safavid era, by paying attention to the opinions of former physicians, defined the body and concepts such as wellness, health and disease in the framework of the teachings of humors view and under the title of “umure-e tabi’iyyah”. The behavioral approach of physicians by referring to the opinions of former physicians as well as their own experiences, in the first step was aimed at protecting the health of the body by maintaining the balance of the body's temperament and restoring the balance to it when the disease occurs. Keeping the body healthy had a direct relationship with observance of physicians preventive recommendations regarding the six principles of “Hava, Makoul va mashroob, Harakat va sokon, Khab va bidari, Aaraz-e nafsani, Ehtebas va estefrag”. In the second step, in the case of disease, according to the pathogen, different treatment methods were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Health Protection Measures in Safavīd Irān
mohammad ali parghoo javad Alipoor SilabOne of the most interesting and neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of health from a historical perspective. Therefore the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to main MoreOne of the most interesting and neglected aspects of social history studies is the issue of health from a historical perspective. Therefore the present study seeks to investigate the perception of the Safavid physicians about the body and what measures they used to maintain health or to deal with and treat various diseases. The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose. The health measures identified in the present study can be considered efficient, effective, and low-cost interventions in providing a healthy lifestyle by healthcare providers. Data were collected by library method and materials were presented by descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the present study indicate that the physicians of the Safavid era, by paying attention to the opinions of former physicians, defined the body and concepts such as wellness, health and disease in the framework of the teachings of humors view and under the title of “umure-e tabi’iyyah”. The behavioral approach of physicians by referring to the opinions of former physicians as well as their own experiences, in the first step was aimed at protecting the health of the body by maintaining the balance of the body's temperament and restoring the balance to it when the disease occurs. Keeping the body healthy had a direct relationship with observance of physicians preventive recommendations regarding the six principles of “Hava, Makoul va mashroob, Harakat va sokon, Khab va bidari, Aaraz-e nafsani, Ehtebas va estefrag”. In the second step, in the case of disease, according to the pathogen, different treatment methods were used. Manuscript profile
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