شپشه آرد

Open Access Article

1 - Insecticidal effect of essential oil extracted from the flower of three citrus varieties against flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Fatemeh FATEHIAN Majid FALLAHZADEH Abu Fazel DOUSTI Mahdi KABIRI RAEIS ABBAD

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Open Access Article

2 - Insecticidal, repellency and oviposition deterrent of hexane extracts of some Plants on Tribolium confusum (Col.: Tenebrionidae)
Esmail Karami Saideh Loni Zahra Rafiei Karahroudi

Tribolium confosum is one of the most important pests of stored products that can damage the quality and quantity of flour. Using the plant syntheses is one of the best methods to control of stored products pests especially that insecticides have many dangerous effects More

Tribolium confosum is one of the most important pests of stored products that can damage the quality and quantity of flour. Using the plant syntheses is one of the best methods to control of stored products pests especially that insecticides have many dangerous effects in environment and the amount of damage is high. The purpose of this research was to compare the efficiency of hexane extracts of some plants oviposition deterrent rate, larvicidal rate and repellency rate against T.confosum: Calotropis procera, Vinca minor, Zygophylum fabago and Delphinium persicum. The results showed that Z. fabago in 50% pure extract was the most effective extract by 60.69% larvicidal percent and V.  minor was the least effective extract by 30.41% larvicidal percent. Z. fabago, D. persicum and                  C. procera were effective in repelling of pests. These extracts reduces to oviposition in comparing to control but there was no significant difference between the extracts oviposition deterrent in adults. As these exctacts have repellency, oviposition deterrent and insecticidal effects, can be used as a source to control this pest.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Efficiency of anise Pimpinella anisum extract on biological activity of Tribolium castaneum and its antioxidant functional
Shahla AMINI Parisa JONOBI Aref MAROF Ahmad MAJD

The red flour beetles Tribolium castaneum is one of the most important pests of stored products, to control this pests plant extracts are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. On the other hand herbs as natural resources that are antioxidant properti More

The red flour beetles Tribolium castaneum is one of the most important pests of stored products, to control this pests plant extracts are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. On the other hand herbs as natural resources that are antioxidant properties, The attention of researchers for use in the food and biological systems are located. In this research theefficiency of Pimpinella anisum extract on biological activity of anise Tribolium castaneum and its antioxidant functional is evaluated. In this study, the effect of seed extract of anisum on nutritional indices of adults T.castaneum, in 3 concentrations 50, 75 and 100 µl and respiratory toxicity effects of extracts ( 50, 89, 158, 281, 500 µl of extract per liter of air) was in vitro (29 ± 1°C and 65 ± 5% R.H.). Also the antioxidant effects of  P.anisum was investigated by two methods, radical scavenging, DPPH  (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and reducing power of iron method. Nutrition a lindices showed that the highest and lowest concentration, respectively, has 86/94% and 68/82% inhibition of feeding. The highest mortality concentration was 500 µl/L of air at 24 hours. The required concentration to 50% mortality of population (LC50) at 24 hours after treatment was 215/19 µl/L of air. In DPPH test, the 50% inhibitory concentration of leaf extract was higher than seed extract, the same result was obtained from the power reducing of iron test. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Effect of optimized nanocapsule containing Zingiber officinale based on gum arabic and gelatin as a natural polymeric wall on adult insect and larvae of Tribolium confusum
A. R. Jalalizand M. Shahnazari M. Mirmohammadsadeghi

Wheat is a strategic crop and is mainly consumed for the production of bread which is considered to be one of the most consumed crops in the world. Wheat is the most important plant on earth and is highly adapted to different climates. Flour (Tribolium confusum) in Iran More

Wheat is a strategic crop and is mainly consumed for the production of bread which is considered to be one of the most consumed crops in the world. Wheat is the most important plant on earth and is highly adapted to different climates. Flour (Tribolium confusum) in Iran is found in all non-health warehouses, mills and bakeries. This type of insect is common in most parts of the world. Its main origin is probably India. Different chemical compounds have been used to protect warehouse products from pest attack. But in general, the use of these compounds has led to serious and growing problems, such as the poisoning of parasitoids, predators, pollinators, fish and humans, and possibly their mortality. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of ginger nano-capsule with Tribolium confusum polymeric wall as a nutritional indicator of weevil flour was evaluated. The results showed that the use of nanocapsules containing Zingiber officinale oil as an insecticide in different treatments had effective results and 100% of Tribolium confusummortality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - سمیت تنفسی اسانس پوست پرتقال (.Citrus sinensis (L روی حشرات کامل شپشه برنج Sitophilus oryzae و شپشه آردTribolium castaneum
M. Kabiri Raeis abad B. Amiri Besheli

According to the high damage of stored pests and adverse effect of chemical pesticide research on the use of secondary metabolites and essential oil of plants are necessary for controlling stored product pest. In this research have been investigated the fumigant toxicit More

According to the high damage of stored pests and adverse effect of chemical pesticide research on the use of secondary metabolites and essential oil of plants are necessary for controlling stored product pest. In this research have been investigated the fumigant toxicity and persistency of essential oil of orange peel Citrus sinensis (L.)on rice weevil Sitophilus oryzaeL. and flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst. have been investigated The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Essential oil of orange peel was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. The bioassay was done in 40 ml glass Jar at 25±2 ˚C and 65±5% R. H. under dark condition. Filter paper was used as the sources of evaporating facility . Based on data the LC50 values were 264.25 and 171.45µl/Lair on S. oryzae and T. castaneum at 48 h post- treatments respectively. The persistency of  the essential oil on flour beetle (25 days) was significantly more than on the rice weevil (21 days). The LT50 and LT90 were 12.56 and 8.68 days on rice weevil and 15.37 and 11.51 days on flour beetle, respectively. The results showed that the toxicity and persistency of essential oil of orange peel on these pests was acceptable and this oil can be further investigations might be an alternative to chemical pesticides on these product pests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Insecticidal effect of juniperus Polycarpus for control of three stored product pests Tribolium castaneum، Callosobruchus maculatus، Ephestia kuehniella
R. Payandeh H. Izadi M. R. Pirmoradi

The cereals are one of the most important problems in the stored products that have been stored after harvest until consumption. The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), The Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) and the bean beetle (Callosobruchus maculat) a More

The cereals are one of the most important problems in the stored products that have been stored after harvest until consumption. The red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), The Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) and the bean beetle (Callosobruchus maculat) are the most important cosmopolitan stored pests. In this study, the effects of five juniper extract concentrations were performed on percent mortality of storage pests with three replications and under 25±2 C° and 65±5% RH condition. Contact toxicity was investigated by spraying the extracts on a Ptridish surface using Potter’s spray tower. Fifteen insects were released to each Ptridishe and mortality was counted after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results of bioassays showed that with an increase in plant extract concentration, mortality increased significantly. The LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 hours for the adults of the red flour beetle were calculated as 22662, 67056 and 73103 respectively. The LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 hours for the bean beetle were estimated as 55231, 67629 and 71991 µl/L, respectively. The LC50 values after 24, 48 and 72 hours for the Mediterranean flour moth last instar larvae were obtained as 71842, 101289 and 145583 µl/L, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Effects of processed kaolin clay on adult mortality and progeny production (F1) of two stored product pests
Farshid Shakhsi Zare H. Farazmand R. Vafaei-Shoushtari A. Marouf M. Ghazavi

The insecticidal effect of processed kaolin (Sepidan®) and its influence on progeny production (F1) of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions (25±1C&d More

The insecticidal effect of processed kaolin (Sepidan®) and its influence on progeny production (F1) of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions (25±1C°, 65±5% R.H, in dark). Seven to 10 day old of each species were exposed to kaolin at five concentrations (1000, 2000, 3000, 5000 and 10000 ppm) and their mortality was recorded after 3, 7, 15 and 30 days, at three replicates, separately. The results showed that mortality of adults increased significantly as the concentration rates and exposure duration increased, (p<0.05). Complete mortality of O. surinamensis occurred at 10000 ppm after 15 days of exposure time. The highest mortality of T. confusum (98.3%) was at 10000 ppm, 30 days after treatment. According to bioassay tests, adults of O. surinamensis were significantly more susceptible to kaolin than T. confusum at various time intervals in any concentrations. The Progeny production tests showed that, 100% reduction of F1 occurred at 5000 ppm for confused flour beetle and at 2000 ppm for saw-tooth grain beetle. Although, processed kaolin clay (Sepidan®) has a potential to kill stored product beetles, because of high concentration of application applied in, it cannot be used alone. However, due to its good effect on progeny production (F1), it could be used in combination with other control methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effects of heat treatments on mortality of different development stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst. (Col., Tenebrionidae)
R. Habibi-Karahrodi R. Vafaei-Shoushtari A. Marouf H. Farazmand S. Loni

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Hbst., is an important pest of food processing facilities world wide. The use of elevated temperatures or heat treatments is a very effective method for managing of stored pests. In this study, the mortality of pest in 5 constan More

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Hbst., is an important pest of food processing facilities world wide. The use of elevated temperatures or heat treatments is a very effective method for managing of stored pests. In this study, the mortality of pest in 5 constant temperatures, including 35, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C at times 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes on different growth stages (5-days larvae, 15-days larvae, pupae and adult of T. castaneum) were determined. Insects after heating, at temperatures of 28±1°C and relative humidity 65±5% were maintained. The results showed that, the most sensitive and resistant stages were 15-days larvae and pupal stages, respectively. It also revealed that the minimum temperature controller for 5-days larvae, 15-days larvae, pupal and adults stages were 55, 50, 55 and 50°C, respectively. Therefore, considering the possible all growth stages in an infected mass, 15°C temperature in 55 minutes, can be effective for control of all pest growth stages. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Fumigant toxicity and repellency effects of some plant essential oils on 5th and 6th larval instars and adults of Tribolium confusum (Col.: Tenebrionidae)
S. Karimi A. Ghassemi-Kahrizeh M. H. Kazemi

The mortality and repellency effects of essential oils of four plants including Myrtus (Myrtus comminus L.), Lindens (Tilia cordata M.), Stachys (Stachys lavandulifolia V.) and Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves against 5th and 6th larval instars and adults of Tribolium c More

The mortality and repellency effects of essential oils of four plants including Myrtus (Myrtus comminus L.), Lindens (Tilia cordata M.), Stachys (Stachys lavandulifolia V.) and Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves against 5th and 6th larval instars and adults of Tribolium confusum Duval (Col.: Tenebrionidae) were studied. The essential oil were obtained by hydrodistillation method, using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. The bioassay experiments were carried out at 27±1 °C and           65±5 % R.H. in dark condition. in Completely Randomized Design with 5 replications after periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure to essential oils. The repelling effect of the essential oils was tested under darkness condition using Y-tube Olfactometer. The results showed that the Myrtus comminus essence had mortality effects on all three stages, while the other essences had no mortality effects on the pest at very high concentration of 2174 µL/L air. The LC50 values of Myrtus comminus for adults and 5th and 6th larval instars after 24 hours was 181.505, 400.525 and 383.180 μL/L air and after 48 hours these values were 163.935, 378.153 and 362.569 µL/L air. These values after 72 hours were 153.081, 366.746 and 342.052 µL/L air for adults and 5th and 6th instars larvae, respectively. Analysis of variances of the data related to the repellency effects of the studied essential oils (in two concentration of 1000 and 3000 ppm) showed significant differences between three studied stages          (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that the susceptibility of adults to the essential oil of Mirtus comminus  was higher than the 5th and 6th instars larvae. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Fumigation toxicity of four plant essential oils on adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and T. confosum ( Du val)
S. Mahmoodvand J. Shakarami R. Vafaei-Shoushtari

The effects of four plant essential oils of Mentha longifolia, Thymus deanensis, Achillea wilhelmsii and Artemisia hausskenechtii were investigated on adult stage of Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum. The essential oils were prepared using water distillation method. E More

The effects of four plant essential oils of Mentha longifolia, Thymus deanensis, Achillea wilhelmsii and Artemisia hausskenechtii were investigated on adult stage of Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum. The essential oils were prepared using water distillation method. Essential oils were used in five concentrations and five replications. The concentration selected based on primary experiment for each essential oil. Mortality rate of insects were recorded after 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results showed that the longer exposure of insect to essential oil and the higher concentration of essential oil, increased  mortality of the two beetle species in all treatments. There was significant difference among mortality effect of the essential oils. The LC50 value of M.longifolia after 24 hours for T. castaneum and T. confosum were 11.59 and 10.67 µl/lair respectively, while the values of LC50were 89.21 and 99.79 for T. daenensis, 55.40 and 98.71 for A. wilhelmsii and 60.64 and 62.25 µl/lair for A. hausskenechtii, respectively. The least LT50 recorded was in A. hausskenechtii essential oil with 23.10 and 21.10 hours against T. castaneum and T. confusun, respectively. Results showed that these essential oils can be as safe botanical pesticides for control of storage pests. Manuscript profile

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